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Objectives: To identify patient-reported outcome measures (PROs) of health-related quality of life (HRQoL) used in studies of disease outbreaks and natural disasters;to examine the impacts of such crises on HRQoL;and to inform the study design of future studies of crises Methods: A literature review was conducted following a pre-specified protocol PubMed was searched for publications reporting the impacts of disease outbreaks and natural disasters on HRQoL, assessed by PROs, using Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) terms and keywords: disease outbreaks (MeSH) + infectious, natural disasters (MeSH), quality of life, HRQoL, and health status Studies were included if they provided a method of comparison, such as pre- and post-crisis comparisons (within-subjects), or using an unexposed control group (between-subjects) After two rounds of screening, information was extracted on study characteristics, PRO(s) used, and impacts on HRQoL Results: 226 abstracts were retrieved from the PubMed search;15 met the criteria for inclusion Five focused on disease outbreaks (SARS, MERS, H1N1, and COVID-19) and 10 on natural disasters (hurricanes, earthquakes, tsunamis, wildfires, and avalanches) Nine studies used an unexposed control group design and 7 studies used a pre- and post-crisis design Multiple PROs were identified that captured HRQoL, including the EQ-5D and SF-36 Compared to control groups, people exposed to crisis reported lasting HRQoL impairment, particularly in mental health domains In several of the longitudinal studies reviewed, pre-crisis measures of mental health predicted post-crisis impacts on HRQoL Conclusions: This literature review identified PROs commonly used in crisis research, demonstrated impacts of crises on physical and mental health domains of HRQoL, and supported the value of establishing a pre-crisis baseline measure of mental health Findings from this review can help guide the design of future studies that aim to evaluate HRQoL assessed by PROs during crises, such as the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic

The capacity for the mapping of crime data has shifted to the digital world, allowing online public crime mapping and the dissemination of information to a broader audience. While the field of critical cartography has questioned the elements and underlying assumptions of various map types, public crime mapping has not been analyzed in the same manner. Through analysis of the design choices and omissions in online public crime maps that pertain to Hamilton, ON and London, ON, the concepts of critical cartography are applied to the largely ignored field of crime maps. While the existence of online public crime maps can potentially facilitate data sharing and analysis to better allow police forces to reduce the incidence of crime, there are also consequences of maps presenting incomplete or inaccurate information to their audiences, as was found to be the case for both cities that were analyzed. These consequences include effects on the public perception of crime, changing attitudes toward crime-induced fear, and negative implications for economic development in areas that might be seen as too high-risk.

Daucus carota sensu lato is a phenotypically variable Eurasian species complex that has been naturalized and cultivated worldwide. One hundred and sixty-eight accessions from 32 countries were surveyed by enzyme electrophoresis to determine the extent of genetic variation present in the species. Eight enzyme systems coded by 16 putative loci were surveyed. They indicate that the recognized subspecies have diverged only slightly from one another with respect to the enzymes surveyed. The samples of wild taxa are more genetically diverse than those of the cultivated taxa, but not significantly different with respect to the mean number of alleles per locus, the proportion of polymorphic loci, the observed and expected heterozygosities, or Nei's genetic diversity statistics (P > 0.05). Members of the aggregate group gingidium have significantly lower total gene diversity within a taxon (P

9115 Background: The 6 minute walking distance (6MW) is commonly used to evaluate cardiopulmonary exercise capacity in a variety of patient (pt) populations. Although the 6MW test improved in advanced breast cancer pts who responded to 2 cycles of chemotherapy, (Nieman et al 1995), little is known about exercise capacity of pts with inoperable lung cancer. We prospectively evaluated 6MW in advanced NSCLC pts at diagnosis and following 2 cycles of chemotherapy (CT). Methods: 6MW was performed twice pre (one practice test) and once post 2 cycles of CT. Intent to treat (ITT) analysis was performed in pts who did not complete the last walk. A score of 0 was assigned to those who died and the last observation was carried forward for those with missing data. Results: 59 pts were enrolled though 6 pts withdrew following the practice test due to clinical deterioration (2 pts), pulmonary embolism (1pt), leg pain following the practice walk (1 pt) and withdrawal of consent (2 pts). The mean age of the remaining 53 pts was 61 ±11, PS was 0–1 in 46 (87%) and 2 in 7 (13%) of pts. 8 pts (15%) were stage 3A/3B and 45 (85%) were stage 3B /4 NSCLC. 45 (85%) pts received platinum-based doublets, whereas 8 (15%) had monotherapy. 39 pts completed the study and 14 pts did not complete the second evaluation (4 died, 8 withdrew due to worsening symptoms and 2 were lost for follow-up). The practice 6MW of the 20 pts who dropped out was 361±99 m compared to 448± 93m for the 39 who completed the study (p=0.002). The 6MW decreased from 461±108 m (range 247–748) to 431±98 (range 431–630) in the 39 pts who completed the study (p=0.02) and from 444±106 to 395±107 in the 53 pts using the ITT analysis (p54 m) decrease in 6MW in 11 pts (28%), an increase in 6MW in 2 pts (5%), and no change in 26 (67%) others. The 6MW was higher in men and in pts in stages 3A/B (p No significant financial relationships to disclose.

9022 Background: The Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) score is a well known predictor of survival, which impacts on treatment decisions. Patient (pt) rated activity level, using the Patient Generated Subjective Global Assessment (PG-SGA) scale, is identical in criteria to the ECOG scale used by physicians. We compared the patient rated activity level (Pt-PS) to physician rated PS (MD-PS), at baseline, and evaluated survival with respect to the 2 PS ratings. Methods: Pts with newly diagnosed advanced NSCLC (stages 3–4) completed a PG-SGA self rated questionnaire, which was then compared to the physician-generated ECOG score recorded prior to any treatment using a Wilcoxon signed rank test. Pts were treated with standard chemotherapy. Survival analysis was performed using a Kaplan Meier analysis and Cox regression. Results: 92 pts (M: F-48:44) with a mean age of 65 years (39–83) were included. 67 (73%) presented with stage 4 disease. 62 (67%) had an MD-PS of 0–1, whereas only 51 (55%) had a Pt-PS of 0 -1. MD-PS 3–4 was seen in 9 (10%), compared to 28 (30%) by Pt-PS. Pt-PS was significantly different from MD-PS in 48% of scores (p=0.003). When scores were not congruent, 29/44 (66%) pts evaluated themselves as having a worse PS than the physician. Survival analysis demonstrated that stage and functional status irrespective of method of reporting was predictive of survival (p=0.01 for MD-PS and p=0.001 for Pt-PS). However, when comparing median survival by method of performance status evaluation, Pt-PS was associated with superior stratification of survival than MD-PS ( table 1 ). Conclusions: Pt-PS and MD-PS are not congruent almost 50% of the time. Pt-PS allows for better stratification of survival and should be further evaluated in prospective trials. No significant financial relationships to disclose. [Table: see text]