25 results on '"Crhanova, Magdalena"'
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2. Comparative Genome Analysis and Characterization of the Probiotic Properties of Lactic Acid Bacteria Isolated from the Gastrointestinal Tract of Wild Boars in the Czech Republic
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Kavanova, Katerina, Kostovova, Iveta, Moravkova, Monika, Kubasova, Tereza, Babak, Vladimir, and Crhanova, Magdalena
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- 2024
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3. Contact with adult hens affects the composition of skin and respiratory tract microbiota in newly hatched chicks
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Faldynova, Marcela, Prikrylova, Hana, Sebkova, Alena, Volf, Jiri, Karasova, Daniela, Crhanova, Magdalena, Babak, Vladimir, and Rychlik, Ivan
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- 2024
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4. Colonization of chickens with competitive exclusion products results in extensive differences in metabolite composition in cecal digesta
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Vlasatikova, Lenka, Zeman, Michal, Crhanova, Magdalena, Matiasovicova, Jitka, Karasova, Daniela, Faldynova, Marcela, Prikrylova, Hana, Sebkova, Alena, and Rychlik, Ivan
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- 2024
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5. High resolution parallel sequencing reveals multistrain Campylobacter in broiler chicken flocks testing ‘negative’ by conventional culture methods: implications for control of Campylobacter infection
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Colles, Frances M., Karasova, Daniela, Crhanova, Magdalena, Preston, Stephen G., Smith, Adrian L., Dawkins, Marian S., Rychlik, Ivan, and Gebhardt-Henrich, Sabine G.
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- 2022
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6. Influence of lincomycin-spectinomycin treatment on the outcome of Enterococcus cecorum infection and on the cecal microbiota in broilers
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Schreier, Jana, Karasova, Daniela, Crhanova, Magdalena, Rychlik, Ivan, Rautenschlein, Silke, and Jung, Arne
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- 2022
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7. Influence of heat stress on intestinal integrity and the caecal microbiota during Enterococcus cecorum infection in broilers
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Schreier, Jana, Rychlik, Ivan, Karasova, Daniela, Crhanova, Magdalena, Breves, Gerhard, Rautenschlein, Silke, and Jung, Arne
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- 2022
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8. Development of piglet gut microbiota at the time of weaning influences development of postweaning diarrhea – A field study
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Karasova, Daniela, Crhanova, Magdalena, Babak, Vladimir, Jerabek, Martin, Brzobohaty, Lubos, Matesova, Zuzana, and Rychlik, Ivan
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- 2021
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9. Probiotic bacteria of wild boar origin intended for piglets – An in vitro study.
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KOSTOVOVA, IVETA, KAVANOVA, KATERINA, MORAVKOVA, MONIKA, GEBAUER, JAN, LEVA, LENKA, VICENOVA, MONIKA, BABAK, VLADIMIR, FALDYNA, MARTIN, and CRHANOVA, MAGDALENA
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WHOLE genome sequencing ,WILD boar ,LACTIC acid bacteria ,GASTROINTESTINAL contents ,PATHOGENIC bacteria - Abstract
Using probiotics represents a potential solution to post-weaning diarrheal diseases in piglets on commercial farms. The gastrointestinal tract of wild boars serves as a promising reservoir of novel lactic acid bacteria with suitable probiotic characteristics. In this study, we isolated eight bacterial strains from the intestinal content of wild boars identified as representatives of the species Bifidobacterium apri, Lactobacillus amylovorus, and Ligilactobacillus salivarius. These isolates underwent in vitro analysis and characterisation to assess their biological safety and probiotic properties. Analysis of their full genome sequences revealed the absence of horizontally transferrable genes for antibiotic resistance. However, seven out of eight isolates harboured genes encoding various types of bacteriocins in their genomes, and bacteriocin production was further confirmed by mass spectrometry analysis. Most of the tested strains demonstrated the ability to inhibit the growth of selected pathogenic bacteria, produce exopolysaccharides, and stimulate the expression of interleukin-10 in porcine macrophages. These characteristics deem the isolates characterised in this study as potential candidates for use as probiotics for piglets during the post-weaning period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
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- 2024
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10. Use of 16S rRNA gene sequencing for prediction of new opportunistic pathogens in chicken ileal and cecal microbiota
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Kollarcikova, Miloslava, Kubasova, Tereza, Karasova, Daniela, Crhanova, Magdalena, Cejkova, Darina, Sisak, Frantisek, and Rychlik, Ivan
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- 2019
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11. In Vivo Expression of Chicken Gut Anaerobes Identifies Carbohydrate- or Amino Acid-Utilising, Motile or Type VI Secretion System-Expressing Bacteria.
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Rajova, Jana, Zeman, Michal, Seidlerova, Zuzana, Vlasatikova, Lenka, Matiasovicova, Jitka, Sebkova, Alena, Faldynova, Marcela, Prikrylova, Hana, Karasova, Daniela, Crhanova, Magdalena, Kulich, Pavel, Babak, Vladimir, Volf, Jiri, and Rychlik, Ivan more...
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GENE expression ,CHICKENS ,SECRETION ,GUT microbiome ,BACTERIA ,ANAEROBIC microorganisms ,CAMPYLOBACTER jejuni - Abstract
Complex gut microbiota increases chickens' resistance to enteric pathogens. However, the principles of this phenomenon are not understood in detail. One of the possibilities for how to decipher the role of gut microbiota in chickens' resistance to enteric pathogens is to systematically characterise the gene expression of individual gut microbiota members colonising the chicken caecum. To reach this aim, newly hatched chicks were inoculated with bacterial species whose whole genomic sequence was known. Total protein purified from the chicken caecum was analysed by mass spectrometry, and the obtained spectra were searched against strain-specific protein databases generated from known genomic sequences. Campylobacter jejuni, Phascolarctobacterium sp. and Sutterella massiliensis did not utilise carbohydrates when colonising the chicken caecum. On the other hand, Bacteroides, Mediterranea, Marseilla, Megamonas, Megasphaera, Bifidobacterium, Blautia, Escherichia coli and Succinatimonas fermented carbohydrates. C. jejuni was the only motile bacterium, and Bacteroides mediterraneensis expressed the type VI secretion system. Classification of in vivo expression is key for understanding the role of individual species in complex microbial populations colonising the intestinal tract. Knowledge of the expression of motility, the type VI secretion system, and preference for carbohydrate or amino acid fermentation is important for the selection of bacteria for defined competitive exclusion products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
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- 2024
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12. Eradication of Bovine Mastitis Caused by the Pathogenic Microalga Prototheca bovis on a Dairy Cattle Farm: A Case Report.
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Beinhauerova, Monika, Moravkova, Monika, Seydlova, Ruzena, and Crhanova, Magdalena
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BOVINE mastitis ,DAIRY cattle ,DAIRY farming ,VETERINARY medicine ,MILK quality ,DAIRY farm management ,RANCHING - Abstract
The achlorophyllous unicellular microalga of the genus Prototheca, a causative agent of bovine mammary gland infection, is receiving increasing attention in the field of veterinary medicine. Mastitis caused by these algae leads to significant economic losses for farmers worldwide and represents a source of threat to raw milk quality and dairy food-chain safety. This case report describes an outbreak of bovine mastitis in dairy cattle caused by Prototheca bovis and the on-farm practices that resulted in the recovery of the affected herd and elimination of the presence of Prototheca spp. in the farm environment. Effective management strategies that played a crucial role in protothecosis eradication included regular screening, timely identification, strict separation of Prototheca-positive cows, a change of housing regime associated with the utilisation of straw mattresses and removal of deep bedding and, finally, the introduction of intermediate disinfection of teat cups with peracetic acid to prevent the spread of infection to other healthy individuals. The eradication process lasted approximately three years and required the removal of 139 cows from the farm. The corrective and preventive measures described in this case report provide guidance to farmers on how to successfully deal with protothecal mastitis on farms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
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- 2023
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13. Microbiota of Chickens and Their Environment in Commercial Production.
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Rychlik, Ivan, Karasova, Daniela, and Crhanova, Magdalena
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CHICKENS ,SMALL intestine ,DRINKING water ,POULTRY housing ,ESCHERICHIA coli - Abstract
Chickens in commercial production are subjected to constant interaction with their environment, including the exchange of microbiota. In this review, we therefore focused on microbiota composition in different niches along the whole line of chicken production. We included a comparison of microbiota of intact eggshells, eggshell waste from hatcheries, bedding, drinking water, feed, litter, poultry house air and chicken skin, trachea, crop, small intestine, and cecum. Such a comparison showed the most frequent interactions and allowed for the identification of microbiota members that are the most characteristic for each type of sample as well as those that are the most widespread in chicken production. Not surprisingly, Escherichia coli was the most widely distributed species in chicken production, although its dominance was in the external aerobic environment and not in the intestinal tract. Other broadly distributed species included Ruminococcus torque, Clostridium disporicum, and different Lactobacillus species. The consequence and meaning of these and other observations are evaluated and discussed. Estudio recapitulativo- Microbiota de pollos y su entorno en producción comercial. Los pollos en producción comercial están sujetos a una interacción constante con su entorno, incluido el intercambio de microbiota. Esta revisión, por lo tanto, se enfoca en la composición de la microbiota en diferentes nichos a lo largo de toda la línea de producción de pollos. Se incluye una comparación de microbiota de cascarones de huevo intactos, desechos de cascarones de huevos de plantas de incubación, cama, agua potable, alimento, cama, aire de gallinero y piel de pollo, tráquea, buche, intestino delgado y ciego. Tal comparación mostró las interacciones más frecuentes y permitió identificar los miembros de la microbiota más característicos para cada tipo de muestra, así como los más extendidos en la producción de pollos. No en vano, Escherichia. coli fue la especie más ampliamente distribuida en la producción de pollos, aunque su dominio fue en el ambiente aeróbico externo y no en el tracto intestinal. Otras especies ampliamente distribuidas incluyeron Ruminococcus torque, Clostridium disporicum y diferentes especies de Lactobacillus. Se evalúan y discuten la consecuencia y el significado de estas y otras observaciones. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
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- 2023
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14. aro Mutations in Salmonella enterica cause defects in cell wall and outer membrane integrity
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Sebkova, Alena, Karasova, Daniela, Crhanova, Magdalena, Budinska, Eva, and Rychlik, Ivan
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Salmonella -- Genetic aspects ,Salmonella -- Physiological aspects ,Mutation (Biology) -- Research ,Bacterial cell walls -- Properties ,Bacterial cell walls -- Genetic aspects ,Metabolites -- Properties ,Immune response -- Genetic aspects ,Biological sciences - Abstract
In this study we characterized aro mutants of Salmonella enterica serovars Enteritidis and Typhimurium, which are frequently used as live oral vaccines. We found that the aroA, aroD, and aroC mutants were sensitive to blood serum, albumen, EDTA, and ovotransferrin, and this defect could be complemented by an appropriate aro gene cloned in a plasmid. Subsequent microarray analysis of gene expression in the aroD mutant in serovar Typhimurium indicated that the reason for this sensitivity might be the upregulation of murA. To confirm this, we artificially overexpressed murA from a multicopy plasmid, and this overexpression caused sensitivity of the strain to albumen and EDTA but not to serum and ovotransferrin. We concluded that attenuation of aro mutants is caused not only by their inability to synthesize aromatic metabolites but also by their defect in cell wall and outer membrane functions associated with decreased resistance to components of innate immune response. more...
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- 2008
15. Host Species Adaptation of Obligate Gut Anaerobes Is Dependent on Their Environmental Survival.
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Karasova, Daniela, Faldynova, Marcela, Matiasovicova, Jitka, Sebkova, Alena, Crhanova, Magdalena, Kubasova, Tereza, Seidlerova, Zuzana, Prikrylova, Hana, Volf, Jiri, Zeman, Michal, Babak, Vladimir, Juricova, Helena, Rajova, Jana, Vlasatikova, Lenka, Rysavka, Petr, and Rychlik, Ivan more...
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SPECIES ,GUT microbiome ,ANAEROBIC bacteria ,FUNGAL spores ,PROBIOTICS ,BACTEROIDETES ,PHYSIOLOGICAL adaptation - Abstract
The gut microbiota of warm-blooded vertebrates consists of bacterial species belonging to two main phyla; Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes. However, does it mean that the same bacterial species are found in humans and chickens? Here we show that the ability to survive in an aerobic environment is central for host species adaptation. Known bacterial species commonly found in humans, pigs, chickens and Antarctic gentoo penguins are those capable of extended survival under aerobic conditions, i.e., either spore-forming, aerotolerant or facultatively anaerobic bacteria. Such bacteria are ubiquitously distributed in the environment, which acts as the source of infection with similar probability in humans, pigs, chickens, penguins and likely any other warm-blooded omnivorous hosts. On the other hand, gut anaerobes with no specific adaptation for survival in an aerobic environment exhibit host adaptation. This is associated with their vertical transmission from mothers to offspring and long-term colonisation after administration of a single dose. This knowledge influences the design of next-generation probiotics. The origin of aerotolerant or spore-forming probiotic strains may not be that important. On the other hand, if Bacteroidetes and other host-adapted species are used as future probiotics, host preference should be considered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
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- 2022
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16. Typhlitis induced by Histomonas meleagridis affects relative but not the absolute Escherichia coli counts and invasion in the gut in turkeys.
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Abdelhamid, Mohamed Kamal, Rychlik, Ivan, Hess, Claudia, Hatfaludi, Tamas, Crhanova, Magdalena, Karasova, Daniela, Lagler, Julia, Liebhart, Dieter, Hess, Michael, and Paudel, Surya
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Unlike in chickens, dynamics of the gut microbiome in turkeys is limitedly understood and no data were yet published in context of pathological changes following experimental infection. Thus, the impact of Histomonas meleagridis-associated inflammatory changes in the caecal microbiome, especially the Escherichia coli population and their caecal wall invasion in turkeys was investigated. Birds experimentally inoculated with attenuated and/or virulent H. meleagridis and non-inoculated negative controls were divided based on the severity of macroscopic caecal lesions. The high throughput amplicon sequencing of 16SrRNA showed that the species richness and diversity of microbial community significantly decreased in severely affected caeca. The relative abundances of operational taxonomic units belonging to Anaerotignum lactatifermentans, E. coli, and Faecalibacterium prausnitzii were higher and paralleled with a decreased abundances of those belonging to Alistipes putredinis, Streptococcusalactolyticus, Lactobacillus salivarius and Lactobacillus reuteri in birds with the highest lesion scores. Although the relative abundance of E. coli was higher, the absolute count was not affected by the severity of pathological lesions. Immunohistochemistry showed that E. coli was only present in the luminal content of caecum and did not penetrate even severely inflamed and necrotized caecal wall. Overall, it was demonstrated that the fundamental shift in caecal microbiota of turkeys infected with H. meleagridis was attributed to the pathology induced by the parasite, which only led to relative but not absolute changes in E. coli population. Furthermore, E. coli cells did not show tendency to penetrate the caecal tissue even when the intestinal mucosal barriers were severely compromised. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
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- 2021
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17. SPI-1-encoded type III secretion system of Salmonella enterica is required for the suppression of porcine alveolar macrophage cytokine expression
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Pavlova Barbora, Volf Jiri, Ondrackova Petra, Matiasovic Jan, Stepanova Hana, Crhanova Magdalena, Karasova Daniela, Faldyna Martin, and Rychlik Ivan
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Veterinary medicine ,SF600-1100 - Abstract
Abstract Genes localized at Salmonella pathogenicity island-1 (SPI-1) are involved in Salmonella enterica invasion of host non-professional phagocytes. Interestingly, in macrophages, SPI-1-encoded proteins, in addition to invasion, induce cell death via activation of caspase-1 which also cleaves proIL-1β and proIL-18, precursors of 2 proinflammatory cytokines. In this study we were therefore interested in whether SPI-1-encoded type III secretion system (T3SS) may influence proinflammatory response of macrophages. To test this hypothesis, we infected primary porcine alveolar macrophages with wild-type S. Typhimurium and S. Enteritidis and their isogenic SPI-1 deletion mutants. ΔSPI1 mutants of both serovars invaded approx. 5 times less efficiently than the wild-type strains and despite this, macrophages responded to the infection with ΔSPI1 mutants by increased expression of proinflammatory cytokines IL-1β, IL-8, TNFα, IL-23α and GM-CSF. Identical macrophage responses to that induced by the ΔSPI1 mutants were also observed to the infection with sipB but not the sipA mutant. The hilA mutant exhibited an intermediate phenotype between the ΔSPI1 mutant and the wild-type S. Enteritidis. Our results showed that the SPI-1-encoded T3SS is required not only for cell invasion but in macrophages also for the suppression of early proinflammatory cytokine expression. more...
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- 2011
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18. GUT MICROBIOTA ALTERATIONS BY NUTRITIONAL SUPPLEMENT IMUREGEN.
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Kubelkova, Klara, Rychlik, Ivan, Crhanova, Magdalena, Karasova, Daniela, Slizova, Dasa, Zakov, Jitka, Luksikova, Lenka, and Macela, Ales
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DIETARY supplements ,IMMUNOLOGY ,COGNITIVE ability ,ENTEROENDOCRINE cells ,HUMAN microbiota - Abstract
The gut microbiota is one of the modulators influencing its host's development, metabolism, as well as immunological, psychological, and cognitive abilities. The gut microbiota consortium influences enteroendocrine regulation, neurohormonal regulation, as well as natural immune regulation. Disruptions occurring in life can lead to dysbiosis that in turn influences the host homeostasis and/or disease. Targeted modulation of microbiota composition thus appears to be an appropriate intervention strategy in cases of certain specific health problems. Here, we demonstrate that application of the nutritional supplement Imuregen, which is a natural immune booster, modulates the Bacteroidetes/Firmicutes ratio in favor of the Bacteroidetes genera and causes no pathological changes to intestinal epithelium. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
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- 2020
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19. Contact with adult hen affects development of caecal microbiota in newly hatched chicks.
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Kubasova, Tereza, Kollarcikova, Miloslava, Crhanova, Magdalena, Karasova, Daniela, Cejkova, Darina, Sebkova, Alena, Matiasovicova, Jitka, Faldynova, Marcela, Pokorna, Alexandra, Cizek, Alois, and Rychlik, Ivan more...
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CHICKENS ,EGG incubation ,MICROBIAL development ,GUT microbiome ,BACTEROIDETES ,ACTINOBACTERIA - Abstract
Chickens in commercial production are hatched in a clean hatchery environment in the absence of any contact with adult hens. However, Gallus gallus evolved to be hatched in a nest in contact with an adult hen which may act as a donor of gut microbiota. In this study, we therefore addressed the issue of microbiota development in newly hatched chickens with or without contact with an adult hen. We found that a mere 24-hour-long contact between a hen and newly hatched chickens was long enough for transfer of hen gut microbiota to chickens. Hens were efficient donors of Bacteroidetes and Actinobacteria. However, except for genus Faecalibacterium and bacterial species belonging to class Negativicutes, hens did not act as an important source of Gram-positive Firmicutes. Though common to the chicken intestinal tract, Lactobacilli and isolates from families Erysipelotrichaceae, Lachnospiraceae and Ruminococcaceae therefore originated from environmental sources instead of from the hens. These observation may have considerable consequences for the evidence-based design of the new generation of probiotics for poultry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
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- 2019
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20. Probiotic Lactobacilli Do Not Protect Chickens against Salmonella Enteritidis Infection by Competitive Exclusion in the Intestinal Tract but in Feed, Outside the Chicken Host.
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Juricova, Helena, Matiasovicova, Jitka, Faldynova, Marcela, Sebkova, Alena, Kubasova, Tereza, Prikrylova, Hana, Karasova, Daniela, Crhanova, Magdalena, Havlickova, Hana, and Rychlik, Ivan
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SALMONELLA diseases ,SALMONELLA enteritidis ,CHICKENS ,PROBIOTICS ,INTESTINAL infections ,CHICKEN diseases - Abstract
Lactobacilli are commonly used as probiotics in poultry to improve production parameters and to increase chicken resistance to enteric infections. However, lactobacilli do not efficiently colonise the chicken intestinal tract, and also, their anti-infection effect in vivo is sometimes questionable. In this study, we therefore evaluated the potential of a mixture of four Lactobacillus species (L. salivarius, L. reuteri, L. ingluviei and L. alvi) for the protection of chickens against Salmonella Enteritidis infection. Whenever the chickens were inoculated by lactobacilli and S. Enteritidis separately, there was no protective effect of lactobacilli. This means that when lactobacilli and S. Enteritidis are exposed to each other as late as in the crop of chickens, lactobacilli did not influence chicken resistance to S. Enteritidis at all. The only positive effect was recorded when the mixture of lactobacilli and S. Enteritidis was used for the inoculation of feed and the feed was anaerobically fermented for 1 to 5 days. In this case, chickens fed such a diet remained S. Enteritidis negative. In vitro experiments showed that the protective effect was caused by acidification of feed down to pH 4.6 due to lactobacilli fermentation and was associated with S. Enteritidis inactivation. The probiotic effect of lactobacilli was thus expressed in the feed, outside the chicken host. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
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- 2022
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21. Eggshell and Feed Microbiota Do Not Represent Major Sources of Gut Anaerobes for Chickens in Commercial Production.
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Volf, Jiri, Crhanova, Magdalena, Karasova, Daniela, Faldynova, Marcela, Kubasova, Tereza, Seidlerova, Zuzana, Sebkova, Alena, Zeman, Michal, Juricova, Helena, Matiasovicova, Jitka, Foltyn, Marian, Tvrdon, Zdenek, and Rychlik, Ivan more...
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EGG incubation ,EGGSHELLS ,POULTRY breeding ,GUT microbiome ,CHICKENS ,COLONIZATION (Ecology) ,FETAL development ,DUST - Abstract
In this study, we addressed the origin of chicken gut microbiota in commercial production by a comparison of eggshell and feed microbiota with caecal microbiota of 7-day-old chickens, using microbiota analysis by 16S rRNA sequencing. In addition, we tested at which timepoint during prenatal or neonatal development it is possible to successfully administer probiotics. We found that eggshell microbiota was a combination of environmental and adult hen gut microbiota but was completely different from caecal microbiota of 7-day-old chicks. Similarly, we observed that the composition of feed microbiota was different from caecal microbiota. Neither eggshell nor feed acted as an important source of gut microbiota for the chickens in commercial production. Following the experimental administration of potential probiotics, we found that chickens can be colonised only when already hatched and active. Spraying of eggs with gut anaerobes during egg incubation or hatching itself did not result in effective chicken colonisation. Such conclusions should be considered when selecting and administering probiotics to chickens in hatcheries. Eggshells, feed or drinking water do not act as major sources of gut microbiota. Newly hatched chickens must be colonised from additional sources, such as air dust with spores of Clostridiales. The natural colonisation starts only when chickens are already hatched, as spraying of eggs or even chickens at the very beginning of the hatching process did not result in efficient colonisation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
- Published
- 2021
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22. Succession, Replacement, and Modification of Chicken Litter Microbiota.
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Kubasova, Tereza, Faldynova, Marcela, Crhanova, Magdalena, Karasova, Daniela, Zeman, Michal, Babak, Vladimir, and Rychlik, Ivan
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POULTRY litter , *BROILER chickens , *LACTOBACILLUS casei , *ESCHERICHIA coli , *BREVIBACTERIUM - Abstract
Chickens are in constant interaction with their environment, e.g., bedding and litter, and their microbiota. However, how litter microbiota develops over time and whether bedding and litter microbiota may affect the cecal microbiota is not clear. We addressed these questions using sequencing of V3/V4 variable region of 16S rRNA genes of cecal, bedding, and litter samples from broiler breeder chicken flocks for 4 months of production. Cecal, bedding, and litter samples were populated by microbiota of distinct composition. The microbiota in the bedding material did not expand in the litter. Similarly, major species from litter microbiota did not expand in the cecum. Only cecal microbiota was found in the litter forming approximately 20% of total litter microbiota. A timedependent development of litter microbiota was observed. Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus saprophyticus, and Weissella jogaejeotgali were characteristic of fresh litter during the first month of production. Corynebacterium casei, Lactobacillus gasseri, and Lactobacillus salivarius dominated in a 2-month-old litter, Brevibacterium, Brachybacterium, and Sphingobacterium were characteristic for 3-month-old litter, and Salinococcus, Dietzia, Yaniella, and Staphylococcus lentus were common in a 4-month-old litter. Although the development was likely determined by physicochemical conditions in the litter, it might be interesting to test some of these species for active modification of litter to improve the chicken environment and welfare. IMPORTANCE Despite intimate contact, the composition of bedding, litter, and cecal microbiota differs considerably. Species characteristic for litter microbiota at different time points of chicken production were identified thus opening the possibility for active manipulation of litter microbiota. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
- Published
- 2022
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23. Environmental Impact on Differential Composition of Gut Microbiota in Indoor Chickens in Commercial Production and Outdoor, Backyard Chickens.
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Seidlerova, Zuzana, Kubasova, Tereza, Faldynova, Marcela, Crhanova, Magdalena, Karasova, Daniela, Babak, Vladimir, and Rychlik, Ivan
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GUT microbiome ,DRUG resistance in bacteria ,HENS ,CHICKENS ,EXTREME environments ,NUMBERS of species - Abstract
In this study, we compared the caecal microbiota composition of egg-laying hens from commercial production that are kept indoors throughout their whole life with microbiota of hens kept outdoors. The microbiota of outdoor hens consisted of lower numbers of bacterial species than the microbiota of indoor hens. At the phylum level, microbiota of outdoor hens was enriched for Bacteroidetes (62.41 ± 4.47% of total microbiota in outdoor hens and 52.01 ± 6.27% in indoor hens) and Proteobacteria (9.33 ± 4.99% in outdoor and 5.47 ± 2.24% in indoor hens). On the other hand, Firmicutes were more abundant in the microbiota of indoor hens (33.28 ± 5.11% in indoor and 20.66 ± 4.41% in outdoor hens). Horizontally transferrable antibiotic resistance genes tetO, tet(32), tet(44), and tetW were also less abundant in the microbiota of outdoor hens than indoor hens. A comparison of the microbiota composition at the genus and species levels pointed toward isolates specifically adapted to the two extreme environments. However, genera and species recorded as being similarly abundant in the microbiota of indoor and outdoor hens are equally as noteworthy because these represent microbiota members that are highly adapted to chickens, irrespective of their genetics, feed composition, and living environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
- Published
- 2020
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24. Gut Anaerobes Capable of Chicken Caecum Colonisation.
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Kubasova, Tereza, Kollarcikova, Miloslava, Crhanova, Magdalena, Karasova, Daniela, Cejkova, Darina, Sebkova, Alena, Matiasovicova, Jitka, Faldynova, Marcela, Sisak, Frantisek, Babak, Vladimir, Pokorna, Alexandra, Cizek, Alois, and Rychlik, Ivan more...
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SALMONELLA enterica ,LACTOBACILLUS ,CECUM ,SALMONELLA enterica serovar enteritidis ,CHICKENS ,COLONIZATION ,INTESTINAL infections ,INTESTINES - Abstract
Chicks in commercial production are highly sensitive to enteric infections and their resistance can be increased by administration of complex adult microbiota. However, it is not known which adult microbiota members are capable of colonising the caecum of newly hatched chicks. In this study, we therefore orally inoculated chicks with pure cultures of 76 different bacterial isolates originating from chicken caecum on day 1 of life and determined their ability to colonise seven days later. The caecum of newly hatched chickens could be colonised by bacteria belonging to phyla Bacteroidetes, Proteobacteria, Synergistetes, or Verrucomicrobia, and isolates from class Negativicutes (phylum Firmicutes). On the other hand, we did not record colonisation with isolates from phyla Actinobacteria and Firmicutes (except for Negativicutes), including isolates from families Lachnospiraceae, Ruminococcaceae, Erysipelotrichaceae, and Lactobacillaceae. Representatives of genera commonly used in probiotics such as Lactobacillus, Enterococcus, or Bacillus therefore did not colonise the chicken intestinal tract after a single dose administration. Following challenge with Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis, the best protecting isolates increased the chicken's resistance to S. Enteritidis only tenfold, which, however, means that none of the tested individual bacterial isolates on their own efficiently protected chicks against S. Enteritidis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
- Published
- 2019
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25. Systematic Culturomics Shows that Half of Chicken Caecal Microbiota Members can be Grown in Vitro Except for Two Lineages of Clostridiales and a Single Lineage of Bacteroidetes.
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Crhanova, Magdalena, Karasova, Daniela, Juricova, Helena, Matiasovicova, Jitka, Jahodarova, Eva, Kubasova, Tereza, Seidlerova, Zuzana, Cizek, Alois, and Rychlik, Ivan
- Subjects
BACTEROIDETES ,GUT microbiome ,CHICKENS ,DIETARY supplements ,COLISTIN - Abstract
Epidemiological data show that the composition of gut microbiota influences host health, disease status, and even behaviour. However, to confirm these epidemiological observations in controlled experiments, pure cultures of gut anaerobes must be obtained. Since the culture of gut anaerobes is not a simple task due to the large number of bacterial species colonising the intestinal tract, in this study we inoculated 174 different culture media with caecal content from adult hens, and compared the microbiota composition in the original caecal samples and in bacterial masses growing in vitro by 16S rRNA sequencing. In total, 42% of gut microbiota members could be grown in vitro and since there were some species which were not cultured but for which the culture conditions are known, it is likely that more than half of chicken gut microbiota can be grown in vitro. However, there were two lineages of Clostridiales and a single lineage of Bacteroidetes which were common in chicken caecal microbiota but resistant to culture. Of the most selective culture conditions, nutrient broths supplemented with mono- or di-saccharides, including those present in fruits, positively selected for Lactobacillaceae. The addition of bile salts selected for Veillonellaceae and YCFA (yeast casitone fatty acid agar) enriched for Desulfovibrionaceae. In addition, Erysipelotrichaceae were positively selected by colistin, trimethoprim, streptomycin and nalidixic acid. Culture conditions tested in this study can be used for the selective enrichment of desired bacterial species but also point towards the specific functions of individual gut microbiota members. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
- Published
- 2019
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