144 results on '"Corrah, Tumani"'
Search Results
2. The role of leadership in people-centred health systems a : sub-national study in The Gambia
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Chigudu, Simukai, Jasseh, Momodou, d’Alessandro, Umberto, Corrah, Tumani, Demba, Adama, and Balen, Julie
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- 2018
3. Staphylococcus aureus Bacteremia in Children of Rural Areas of The Gambia, 2008-2015
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Odutola, Aderonke, Bottomley, Christian, Zaman, Syed A., Lindsay, Jodi, Shah, Muhammed, Hossain, Ilias, Ndiaye, Malick, Osuorah, Chidebere D.I., Olatunji, Yekini, Badji, Henry, Ikumapayi, Usman N.A., Manjang, Ahmad, Salaudeen, Rasheed, Ceesay, Lamin, Jasseh, Momodou, Adegbola, Richard A., Corrah, Tumani, Hill, Philip C., Greenwood, Brian M., and Mackenzie, Grant A.
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Staphylococcus aureus infections ,Bacteremia ,Pediatric diseases ,Staphylococcus aureus ,Blood tests ,Meningitis ,Pneumonia ,Medical research ,Epidemiology ,Developing countries ,Death ,Rural areas ,Intelligence gathering ,Newborn infants ,Infection ,Children ,Health - Abstract
In 2016, invasive bacterial diseases accounted for one quarter of the 5.6 million childhood deaths worldwide (1). Most invasive bacterial diseases occur in sub-Saharan Africa and other low- and middle-income [...]
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- 2019
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4. The path to longer and healthier lives for all Africans by 2030: the Lancet Commission on the future of health in sub-Saharan Africa
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Agyepong, Irene Akua, Sewankambo, Nelson, Binagwaho, Agnes, Coll-Seck, Awa Marie, Corrah, Tumani, Ezeh, Alex, Fekadu, Abebaw, Kilonzo, Nduku, Lamptey, Peter, Masiye, Felix, Mayosi, Bongani, Mboup, Souleymane, Muyembe, Jean-Jacques, Pate, Muhammad, Sidibe, Myriam, Simons, Bright, Tlou, Sheila, Gheorghe, Adrian, Legido-Quigley, Helena, McManus, Joanne, Ng, Edmond, O'Leary, Maureen, Enoch, Jamie, Kassebaum, Nicholas, and Piot, Peter
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- 2017
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5. Impact of the introduction of pneumococcal conjugate vaccination on pneumonia in The Gambia: population-based surveillance and case-control studies
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Mackenzie, Grant A, Hill, Philip C, Sahito, Shah M, Jeffries, David J, Hossain, Ilias, Bottomley, Christian, Uchendu, Uchendu, Ameh, David, Ndiaye, Malick, Osuorah, Chidebereh D, Adeyemi, Oyedeji, Pathirana, Jayani, Olatunji, Yekini, Abatan, Bade, Ahameefula, Ebirim, Muhammad, Bilquees S, Fombah, Augustin E, Saha, Debasish, Mackenzie, Roslyn, Plumb, Ian, Akano, Aliu, Ebruke, Bernard, Ideh, Readon C, Kuti, Bankole, Githua, Peter, Olutunde, Emmanuel, Ofordile, Ogochukwu, Green, Edward, Usuf, Effua, Badji, Henry, Ikumapayi, Usman N A, Manjang, Ahmad, Salaudeen, Rasheed, Nsekpong, E David, Jarju, Sheikh, Antonio, Martin, Sambou, Sana, Ceesay, Lamin, Lowe-Jallow, Yamundow, Sowe, Dawda, Jasseh, Momodou, Mulholland, Kim, Knoll, Maria, Levine, Orin S, Howie, Stephen R, Adegbola, Richard A, Greenwood, Brian M, and Corrah, Tumani
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- 2017
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6. Genetic Susceptibility to Tuberculosis in Africans: A Genome-Wide Scan
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Bellamy, Richard, Beyers, Nulda, Ruwende, Cyril, Gie, Robert, Samaai, Priscilla, Bester, Danite, Meyer, Mandy, Corrah, Tumani, Collin, Matthew, Camidge, D. Ross, Wilkinson, David, Helden, Eileen Hoal-Van, Whittle, Hilton C., Amos, William, and van Helden, Paul
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- 2000
7. Acceptability and feasibility of a screen-and-treat programme for hepatitis B virus infection in The Gambia: the Prevention of Liver Fibrosis and Cancer in Africa (PROLIFICA) study
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Lemoine, Maud, Shimakawa, Yusuke, Njie, Ramou, Taal, Makie, Ndow, Gibril, Chemin, Isabelle, Ghosh, Sumantra, Njai, Harr F, Jeng, Adam, Sow, Amina, Toure-Kane, Coumba, Mboup, Souleymane, Suso, Penda, Tamba, Saydiba, Jatta, Abdullah, Sarr, Louise, Kambi, Aboubacar, Stanger, William, Nayagam, Shevanthi, Howell, Jessica, Mpabanzi, Liliane, Nyan, Ousman, Corrah, Tumani, Whittle, Hilton, Taylor-Robinson, Simon D, D'Alessandro, Umberto, Mendy, Maimuna, and Thursz, Mark R
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- 2016
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8. Effect of the introduction of pneumococcal conjugate vaccination on invasive pneumococcal disease in The Gambia: a population-based surveillance study
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Mackenzie, Grant A, Hill, Philip C, Jeffries, David J, Hossain, Ilias, Uchendu, Uchendu, Ameh, David, Ndiaye, Malick, Adeyemi, Oyedeji, Pathirana, Jayani, Olatunji, Yekini, Abatan, Bade, Muhammad, Bilquees S, Fombah, Augustin E, Saha, Debasish, Plumb, Ian, Akano, Aliu, Ebruke, Bernard, Ideh, Readon C, Kuti, Bankole, Githua, Peter, Olutunde, Emmanuel, Ofordile, Ogochukwu, Green, Edward, Usuf, Effua, Badji, Henry, Ikumapayi, Usman N A, Manjang, Ahmad, Salaudeen, Rasheed, Nsekpong, E David, Jarju, Sheikh, Antonio, Martin, Sambou, Sana, Ceesay, Lamin, Lowe-Jallow, Yamundow, Jasseh, Momodou, Mulholland, Kim, Knoll, Maria, Levine, Orin S, Howie, Stephen R, Adegbola, Richard A, Greenwood, Brian M, and Corrah, Tumani
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- 2016
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9. The Effectiveness of Conjugate Haemophilus influenzae Type B Vaccine in The Gambia 14 Years After Introduction
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Howie, Stephen R. C., Oluwalana, Claire, Secka, Ousman, Scott, Susana, Ideh, Readon C., Ebruke, Bernard E., Balloch, Anne, Sambou, Sana, Erskine, James, Lowe, Yamundow, Corrah, Tumani, and Adegbola, Richard A.
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- 2013
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10. Progression to Active Tuberculosis, but Not Transmission, Varies by Mycobacterium tuberculosis Lineage in the Gambia
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de Jong, Bouke C., Hill, Philip C., Aiken, Alex, Awine, Timothy, Antonio, Martin, Adetifa, Ifedayo M., Jackson-Sillah, Dolly J., Fox, Annette, DeRiemer, Kathryn, Gagneux, Sebastien, Borgdorff, Martien W., McAdam, Keith P. W. J., Corrah, Tumani, Small, Peter M., and Adegbola, Richard A.
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- 2008
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11. Refining a probabilistic model for interpreting verbal autopsy data
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BYASS, PETER, FOTTRELL, EDWARD, HUONG, DAO LAN, BERHANE, YEMANE, CORRAH, TUMANI, KAHN, KATHLEEN, MUHE, LULU, and VAN, DO DUC
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- 2006
12. No Differences in Cellular Immune Responses between Asymptomatic HIV Type 1- and Type 2- Infected Gambian Patients
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Jaye, Assan, Sarge-Njie, Ramu, van der Loeff, Maarten Schim, Todd, Jim, Alabi, Abraham, Sabally, Shehu, Corrah, Tumani, and Whittle, Hilton
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- 2004
13. Antiretroviral therapy in Africa
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Stevens, Warren, Kaye, Steve, and Corrah, Tumani
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- 2004
14. A global reference for human genetic variation
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Altshuler, David M., (Co-Chair), Durbin, Richard M., (Co-Chair, Principal Investigator), Donnelly, Peter, Green, Eric D., Nickerson, Deborah A., Boerwinkle, Eric, Doddapaneni, Harsha, Han, Yi, Korchina, Viktoriya, Kovar, Christie, Lee, Sandra, Muzny, Donna, Reid, Jeffrey G., Zhu, Yiming, Wang, Jun, (Principal Investigator), Chang, Yuqi, Feng, Qiang, Fang, Xiaodong, Guo, Xiaosen, Jian, Min, Jiang, Hui, Jin, Xin, Lan, Tianming, Li, Guoqing, Li, Jingxiang, Li, Yingrui, Liu, Shengmao, Liu, Xiao, Lu, Yao, Ma, Xuedi, Tang, Meifang, Wang, Bo, Wang, Guangbiao, Wu, Honglong, Wu, Renhua, Xu, Xun, Yin, Ye, Zhang, Dandan, Zhang, Wenwei, Zhao, Jiao, Zhao, Meiru, Zheng, Xiaole, Lander, Eric S., (Principal Investigator), Gabriel, Stacey B., (Co-Chair), Gupta, Namrata, Gharani, Neda, Toji, Lorraine H., Gerry, Norman P., Resch, Alissa M., Barker, Jonathan, Gil, Laurent, Hunt, Sarah E., Kelman, Gavin, Kulesha, Eugene, Leinonen, Rasko, McLaren, William M., Radhakrishnan, Rajesh, Roa, Asier, Smirnov, Dmitriy, Smith, Richard E., Streeter, Ian, Thormann, Anja, Toneva, Iliana, Vaughan, Brendan, Zheng-Bradley, Xiangqun, Bentley, David R., (Principal Investigator), Grocock, Russell, Humphray, Sean, James, Terena, Kingsbury, Zoya, Lehrach, Hans, (Principal Investigator), Sudbrak, Ralf, (Project Leader), Albrecht, Marcus W., Amstislavskiy, Vyacheslav S., Borodina, Tatiana A., Lienhard, Matthias, Mertes, Florian, Sultan, Marc, Timmermann, Bernd, Yaspo, Marie-Laure, Mardis, Elaine R., (Co-Principal Investigator) (Co-Chair), Wilson, Richard K., (Co-Principal Investigator), Fulton, Lucinda, Fulton, Robert, Ananiev, Victor, Belaia, Zinaida, Beloslyudtsev, Dimitriy, Bouk, Nathan, Chen, Chao, Church, Deanna, Cohen, Robert, Cook, Charles, Garner, John, Hefferon, Timothy, Kimelman, Mikhail, Liu, Chunlei, Lopez, John, Meric, Peter, O’Sullivan, Chris, Ostapchuk, Yuri, Phan, Lon, Ponomarov, Sergiy, Schneider, Valerie, Shekhtman, Eugene, Sirotkin, Karl, Slotta, Douglas, Zhang, Hua, Balasubramaniam, Senduran, Burton, John, Danecek, Petr, Keane, Thomas M., Kolb-Kokocinski, Anja, McCarthy, Shane, Stalker, James, Quail, Michael, Schmidt, Jeanette P., (Principal Investigator), Davies, Christopher J., Gollub, Jeremy, Webster, Teresa, Wong, Brant, Zhan, Yiping, Auton, Adam, (Principal Investigator), Campbell, Christopher L., Kong, Yu, Marcketta, Anthony, Yu, Fuli, (Project Leader), Antunes, Lilian, Bainbridge, Matthew, Sabo, Aniko, Huang, Zhuoyi, Coin, Lachlan J. M., Fang, Lin, Li, Qibin, Li, Zhenyu, Lin, Haoxiang, Liu, Binghang, Luo, Ruibang, Shao, Haojing, Xie, Yinlong, Ye, Chen, Yu, Chang, Zhang, Fan, Zheng, Hancheng, Zhu, Hongmei, Alkan, Can, Dal, Elif, Kahveci, Fatma, Garrison, Erik P., (Project Lead), Kural, Deniz, Lee, Wan-Ping, Leong, Wen Fung, Stromberg, Michael, Ward, Alistair N., Wu, Jiantao, Zhang, Mengyao, Daly, Mark J., (Principal Investigator), DePristo, Mark A., (Project Leader), Handsaker, Robert E., (Project Leader), Banks, Eric, Bhatia, Gaurav, del Angel, Guillermo, Genovese, Giulio, Li, Heng, Kashin, Seva, Nemesh, James C., Poplin, Ryan E., Yoon, Seungtai C., (Principal Investigator), Lihm, Jayon, Makarov, Vladimir, Clark, Andrew G., (Principal Investigator), Gottipati, Srikanth, Keinan, Alon, Rodriguez-Flores, Juan L., Rausch, Tobias, (Project Leader), Fritz, Markus H., Stütz, Adrian M., Beal, Kathryn, Datta, Avik, Herrero, Javier, Ritchie, Graham R. S., Zerbino, Daniel, Sabeti, Pardis C., (Principal Investigator), Shlyakhter, Ilya, Schaffner, Stephen F., Vitti, Joseph, Cooper, David N., (Principal Investigator), Ball, Edward V., Stenson, Peter D., Barnes, Bret, Bauer, Markus, Cheetham, Keira R., Cox, Anthony, Eberle, Michael, Kahn, Scott, Murray, Lisa, Peden, John, Shaw, Richard, Kenny, Eimear E., (Principal Investigator), Batzer, Mark A., (Principal Investigator), Konkel, Miriam K., Walker, Jerilyn A., MacArthur, Daniel G., (Principal Investigator), Lek, Monkol, Herwig, Ralf, Koboldt, Daniel C., Larson, David, Ye, Kai, Gravel, Simon, Swaroop, Anand, Chew, Emily, Lappalainen, Tuuli, (Principal Investigator), Erlich, Yaniv, (Principal Investigator), Gymrek, Melissa, Willems, Thomas Frederick, Simpson, Jared T., Shriver, Mark D., (Principal Investigator), Rosenfeld, Jeffrey A., (Principal Investigator), Montgomery, Stephen B., (Principal Investigator), De La Vega, Francisco M., (Principal Investigator), Byrnes, Jake K., Carroll, Andrew W., DeGorter, Marianne K., Lacroute, Phil, Maples, Brian K., Martin, Alicia R., Moreno-Estrada, Andres, Shringarpure, Suyash S., Zakharia, Fouad, Halperin, Eran, (Principal Investigator), Baran, Yael, Cerveira, Eliza, Hwang, Jaeho, Malhotra, Ankit, (Co-Project Lead), Plewczynski, Dariusz, Radew, Kamen, Romanovitch, Mallory, Zhang, Chengsheng, (Co-Project Lead), Hyland, Fiona C. L., Craig, David W., (Principal Investigator), Christoforides, Alexis, Homer, Nils, Izatt, Tyler, Kurdoglu, Ahmet A., Sinari, Shripad A., Squire, Kevin, Xiao, Chunlin, Sebat, Jonathan, (Principal Investigator), Antaki, Danny, Gujral, Madhusudan, Noor, Amina, Ye, Kenny, Burchard, Esteban G., (Principal Investigator), Hernandez, Ryan D., (Principal Investigator), Gignoux, Christopher R., Haussler, David, (Principal Investigator), Katzman, Sol J., Kent, James W., Howie, Bryan, Ruiz-Linares, Andres, (Principal Investigator), Dermitzakis, Emmanouil T., (Principal Investigator), Devine, Scott E., (Principal Investigator), Abecasis, Gonçalo R., (Principal Investigator) (Co-Chair), Kang, Hyun Min, (Project Leader), Kidd, Jeffrey M., (Principal Investigator), Blackwell, Tom, Caron, Sean, Chen, Wei, Emery, Sarah, Fritsche, Lars, Fuchsberger, Christian, Jun, Goo, Li, Bingshan, Lyons, Robert, Scheller, Chris, Sidore, Carlo, Song, Shiya, Sliwerska, Elzbieta, Taliun, Daniel, Tan, Adrian, Welch, Ryan, Wing, Mary Kate, Zhan, Xiaowei, Awadalla, Philip, (Principal Investigator), Hodgkinson, Alan, Li, Yun, Shi, Xinghua, (Principal Investigator), Quitadamo, Andrew, Lunter, Gerton, (Principal Investigator), McVean, Gil A., (Principal Investigator) (Co-Chair), Marchini, Jonathan L., (Principal Investigator), Myers, Simon, (Principal Investigator), Churchhouse, Claire, Delaneau, Olivier, Gupta-Hinch, Anjali, Kretzschmar, Warren, Iqbal, Zamin, Mathieson, Iain, Menelaou, Androniki, Rimmer, Andy, Xifara, Dionysia K., Oleksyk, Taras K., (Principal Investigator), Fu, Yunxin, (Principal Investigator), Liu, Xiaoming, Xiong, Momiao, Jorde, Lynn, (Principal Investigator), Witherspoon, David, Xing, Jinchuan, Browning, Brian L., (Principal Investigator), Browning, Sharon R., (Principal Investigator), Hormozdiari, Fereydoun, Sudmant, Peter H., Khurana, Ekta, (Principal Investigator), Hurles, Matthew E., (Principal Investigator), Albers, Cornelis A., Ayub, Qasim, Chen, Yuan, Colonna, Vincenza, Jostins, Luke, Walter, Klaudia, Xue, Yali, Abyzov, Alexej, Balasubramanian, Suganthi, Chen, Jieming, Clarke, Declan, Fu, Yao, Harmanci, Arif O., Jin, Mike, Lee, Donghoon, Liu, Jeremy, Mu, Xinmeng Jasmine, Zhang, Jing, Zhang, Yan, McCarroll, Steven A., (Principal Investigator), Hartl, Chris, Shakir, Khalid, Degenhardt, Jeremiah, Korbel, Jan O., (Principal Investigator) (Co-Chair), Meiers, Sascha, Raeder, Benjamin, Casale, Francesco Paolo, Stegle, Oliver, Lameijer, Eric-Wubbo, Ding, Li, (Principal Investigator), Hall, Ira, Lee, Charles, (Principal Investigator) (Co-Chair), Bafna, Vineet, Michaelson, Jacob, Gardner, Eugene J., (Project Leader), Mills, Ryan E., (Principal Investigator), Dayama, Gargi, Chen, Ken, (Principle Investigator), Fan, Xian, Chong, Zechen, Chen, Tenghui, Eichler, Evan E., (Principal Investigator) (Co-Chair), Chaisson, Mark J., Huddleston, John, Malig, Maika, Nelson, Bradley J., Parrish, Nicholas F., Blackburne, Ben, Lindsay, Sarah J., Ning, Zemin, Zhang, Yujun, Lam, Hugo, Sisu, Cristina, Gibbs, Richard A., (Principal Investigator) (Co-Chair), Challis, Danny, Evani, Uday S., Lu, James, Nagaswamy, Uma, Yu, Jin, Li, Wangshen, Marth, Gabor T., (Principal Investigator) (Co-Chair), Habegger, Lukas, Yu, Haiyuan, (Principal Investigator), Cunningham, Fiona, Dunham, Ian, Lage, Kasper, (Principal Investigator), Jespersen, Jakob Berg, Horn, Heiko, Tyler-Smith, Chris, (Principal Investigator) (Co-Chair), Gerstein, Mark B., (Principal Investigator) (Co-Chair), Kim, Donghoon, Desalle, Rob, Narechania, Apurva, Wilson Sayres, Melissa A., Bustamante, Carlos D., (Principal Investigator) (Co-Chair), Mendez, Fernando L., Poznik, David G., Underhill, Peter A., Coin, Lachlan, (Principal Investigator), Mittelman, David, Banerjee, Ruby, Cerezo, Maria, Fitzgerald, Thomas W., Louzada, Sandra, Massaia, Andrea, Ritchie, Graham R., Yang, Fengtang, Kalra, Divya, Hale, Walker, Dan, Xu, Flicek, Paul, (Principal Investigator) (Co-Chair), Clarke, Laura, (Project Lead), Sherry, Stephen T., (Principal Investigator) (Co-Chair), Chakravarti, Aravinda, (Co-Chair), Knoppers, Bartha M., (Co-Chair), Barnes, Kathleen C., Beiswanger, Christine, Cai, Hongyu, Cao, Hongzhi, Henn, Brenna, Jones, Danielle, Kaye, Jane S., Kent, Alastair, Kerasidou, Angeliki, Mathias, Rasika, Ossorio, Pilar N., Parker, Michael, Rotimi, Charles N., Royal, Charmaine D., Sandoval, Karla, Su, Yeyang, Tian, Zhongming, Tishkoff, Sarah, Via, Marc, Wang, Yuhong, Yang, Ling, Zhu, Jiayong, Bodmer, Walter, Bedoya, Gabriel, Cai, Zhiming, Gao, Yang, Chu, Jiayou, Peltonen, Leena, Garcia-Montero, Andres, Orfao, Alberto, Dutil, Julie, Martinez-Cruzado, Juan C., Mathias, Rasika A., Hennis, Anselm, Watson, Harold, McKenzie, Colin, Qadri, Firdausi, LaRocque, Regina, Deng, Xiaoyan, Asogun, Danny, Folarin, Onikepe, Happi, Christian, Omoniwa, Omonwunmi, Stremlau, Matt, Tariyal, Ridhi, Jallow, Muminatou, Joof, Fatoumatta Sisay, Corrah, Tumani, Rockett, Kirk, Kwiatkowski, Dominic, Kooner, Jaspal, Hiê`n, Trâ`n Tinh, Dunstan, Sarah J., Hang, Nguyen Thuy, Fonnie, Richard, Garry, Robert, Kanneh, Lansana, Moses, Lina, Schieffelin, John, Grant, Donald S., Gallo, Carla, Poletti, Giovanni, Saleheen, Danish, Rasheed, Asif, Brooks, Lisa D., Felsenfeld, Adam L., McEwen, Jean E., Vaydylevich, Yekaterina, Duncanson, Audrey, Dunn, Michael, Schloss, Jeffery A., and Yang, Huanming
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- 2015
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15. Health & Demographic Surveillance System Profile: Farafenni Health and Demographic Surveillance System in The Gambia
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Jasseh, Momodou, Gomez, Pierre, Greenwood, Brian M, Howie, Stephen RC, Scott, Susana, Snell, Paul C, Bojang, Kalifa, Cham, Mamady, Corrah, Tumani, and D’Alessandro, Umberto
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- 2015
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16. Immunogenic Mycobacterium africanum strains associated with ongoing transmission in The Gambia
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Gehre, Florian, Antonio, Martin, Otu, Jacob K., Sallah, Neneh, Secka, Oumie, Faal, Tutty, Owiafe, Patrick, Sutherland, Jayne S., Adetifa, Ifedayo M., Ota, Martin O., Kampmann, Beate, Corrah, Tumani, and de Jong, Bouke C.
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Gambia -- Health aspects ,Mycobacterium -- Genetic aspects ,Mycobacteria -- Genetic aspects ,Tuberculosis -- Diagnosis -- Care and treatment -- Distribution ,Disease transmission -- Research ,Company distribution practices ,Health - Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB), caused by bacterial pathogens of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC), is a major global health problem. Sub-Saharan Africa has the highest rate of TB per capita and the [...]
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- 2013
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17. Serogroup W135 meningococcal disease, The Gambia, 2012
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Hossain, M. Jahangir, Roca, Anna, Mackenzie, Grant A., Jasseh, Momodou, Hossain, Mohammad Ilias, Muhammad, Shah, Ahmed, Manjang, Chidiebere, Osuorah Donatus, Malick, Ndiaye, Bilquees, S.M., Ikumapayi, Usman N., Jeng, Baba, Njie, Baba, Cham, Mamady, Kampmann, Beate, Corrah, Tumani, Howie, Stephen, and D'Alessandro, Umberto
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Neisseria meningitidis -- Statistics ,Disease transmission -- Research ,Meningitis, Cerebrospinal -- Statistics ,Health - Abstract
Meningococcal disease is endemic to the African 'meningitis belt'; outbreaks occur regularly (1,2). Neisseria meningitidis serogroup A causes most (80%) cases. However, during 2002-2003, serogroup W135 caused a major epidemic [...]
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- 2013
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18. Changes in malaria indices between 1999 and 2007 in The Gambia: a retrospective analysis
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Ceesay, Serign J, Casals-Pascual, Climent, Erskine, Jamie, Anya, Samuel E, Duah, Nancy O, Fulford, Anthony JC, Sesay, Sanie SS, Abubakar, Ismaela, Dunyo, Samuel, Sey, Omar, Palmer, Ayo, Fofana, Malang, Corrah, Tumani, Bojang, Kalifa A, Whittle, Hilton C, Greenwood, Brian M, and Conway, David J
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- 2008
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19. Meeting oxygen needs in Africa: an options analysis from the Gambia/Repondre aux besoins en oxygene en Afrique: analyse des options pour la Gambie/Atender las necesidades de oxigeno en Africa: analisis de opciones en Gambia
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Howie, Stephen R.C., Hill, Sarah, Ebonyi, Augustine, Krishnan, Gautam, Njie, Ousman, Sanneh, Momodou, Jallow, Mariatou, Stevens, Warren, Taylor, Kevin, Weber, Martin W., Njai, Pamela Collier, Tapgun, Mary, Corrah, Tumani, Mulholland, Kim, Peel, David, Njie, Malick, Hill, Philip C., and Adegbola, Richard A.
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Decision-making -- Psychological aspects -- Research -- Health aspects -- Usage -- Comparative analysis ,Oxygen consumption -- Health aspects -- Comparative analysis -- Research -- Usage -- Psychological aspects ,Algorithms -- Usage -- Health aspects -- Psychological aspects -- Comparative analysis -- Research ,Acute respiratory distress syndrome -- Research -- Diagnosis -- Demographic aspects -- Care and treatment ,Algorithm ,Health - Abstract
Objective To compare oxygen supply options for health facilities in the Gambia and develop a decision-making algorithm for choosing oxygen delivery systems in Africa and the rest of the developing world. Methods Oxygen cylinders and concentrators were compared in terms of functionality and cost. Interviews with key informants using locally developed and adapted WHO instruments, operational assessments, cost-modelling and cost measurements were undertaken to determine whether oxygen cylinders or concentrators were the better choice. An algorithm and a software tool to guide the choice of oxygen delivery system were constructed. Findings In the Gambia, oxygen concentrators have significant advantages compared to cylinders where power is reliable; in other settings, cylinders are preferable as long as transporting them is feasible. Cylinder costs are greatly influenced by leakage, which is common, whereas concentrator costs are affected by the cost of power far more than by capital costs. Only two of 12 facilities in the Gambia were found suitable for concentrators; at the remaining 10 facilities, cylinders were the better option. Conclusion Neither concentrators nor cylinders are well suited to every situation, but a simple options assessment can determine which is better in each setting. Nationally this would result in improved supply and lower costs by comparison with conventional cylinders alone, although ensuring a reliable supply would remain a challenge. The decision algorithm and software tool designed for the Gambia could be applied in other developing countries. Objectif Comparer les options d'approvisionnement en oxygene qui s'offrent aux etablissements de soins de Gambie et developper un algorithme de prise de decisions pour guider le choix des systemes d'approvisionnement en oxygene en Afrique et dans le reste du monde en developpement. Methodes Les auteurs ont compare en termes de fonctionnalite et de cout les bouteilles et les concentrateurs d'oxygene. Ils ont interroge des informateurs cles en utilisant des instruments d'evaluation OMS mis au point et adaptes localement et realise des evaluations operationnelles, ainsi qu'une modelisation et des mesures des couts pour determiner le meilleur choix entre les bouteilles et les concentrateurs d'oxygene, lis ont elabore un algorithme et un outil logiciel pour guider la selection du systeme d'approvisionnement en oxygene. Resultats En Gambie, les concentrateurs d'oxygene presentent des avantages notables par rapport aux bouteilles lorsque I'alimentation electrique est fiable ; dans d'autres contextes, il est preferable de faire appel aux bouteilles dans la mesure ou leur transport est praticable. La presence de fuites, phenomene courant, influe fortement sur le cout des bouteilles, tandis que pour les concentrateurs, les couts energetiques sont de loin plus importants que les couts en capital. Sur les 12 etablissements gambiens, 2 seulement avaient interet d'apres l'etude a utiliser des concentrateurs ; pour les 10 autres, les bouteilles constituaient une meilleure option. Conclusion Ni les concentrateurs, ni les bouteilles ne conviennent a toutes les situations, mais une evaluation simple des options permet de determiner pour chaque contexte la meilleure solution. A l'echelle nationale, cette evaluation devrait conduire a une amelioration de I'approvisionnement et a une baisse des couts par rapport a la situation ou I'on utilise uniquement des bouteilles d'oxygene classiques, mais assurer un approvisionnement fiable devrait rester un defi. L'algorithme decisionnel et l'outil logiciel concus pour la Gambie devraient etre applicables dans d'autres pays en developpement. Objetivo Comparar las opciones de suministro de oxigeno para centros de salud en Gambia y desarrollar un algoritmo decisional para elegir los sistemas de suministro de oxigeno en Africa y en el resto del mundo en desarrollo. Metodos Se compararon la funcionalidad y el costo de las bombonas y los concentradores de oxigeno. Se Ilevaron a cabo entrevistas con informantes clave mediante instrumentos desarrollados localmente o adaptados a partir de otros de la OMS, evaluaciones operacionales, modelizaciones de costos y mediciones de costos a fin de determinar la mejor opcion entre las bombonas y los concentradores de oxigeno. Se desarrollo asi un algoritmo y un instrumento de software para fundamentar la eleccion dei sistema de suministro de oxigeno. Resultados En Gambia, los concentradores de oxigeno presentan ventajas importantes en comparacion con las bombonas alli donde el suministro electrico es fiable; en caso contrario, la opcion preferible son las bombonas, siempre y cuando sea factible transportarlas. El costo de las bombonas depende considerablemente de las fugas, un problema frecuente, mientras que el de los concentradores depende mucho mas del costo de la electricidad que de los gastos de infraestructura. Solo dos de los 12 centros de Gambia analizados reunian las condiciones idoneas para usar concentradores; en los otros diez centros, la mejor opcion eran las bombonas. Conclusion Ni los concentradores ni las bombonas son soluciones ideales para cualquier situacion, pero una simple evaluacion de esas dos opciones permite determinar cual es preferible en cada entorno. A nivel nacional, esa diferenciacion se traduciria en mejoras del suministro y menores costos en comparacion con el uso exclusivo de las bombonas convencionales, pero seguiria habiendo problemas para garantizar un suministro fiable. El algoritmo decisional y el instrumento de software concebidos para Gambia podrian aplicarse en otros paises en desarrollo., Introduction Acute respiratory infection, principally pneumonia, remains the leading cause of death in young children worldwide. (1-3) Case management of pneumonia is a key component of the WHO Integrated Management [...]
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- 2009
20. Presence of a multidrug-resistance mutation in an HIV-2 variant infecting a treatment-naive individual in Caio, Guinea Bissau
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Jallow, Sabelle, Vincent, Tim, Leligdowicz, Aleksandra, De Silva, Thushan, Van Tienen, Carla, Alabi, Abraham, Sarge-Njie, Ramu, Aaby, Peter, Corrah, Tumani, Whittle, Hilton, Jaye, Assan, Vanham, Guido, Rowland-Jones, Sarah, and Janssens, Wouter
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Drug resistance -- Research ,Gene mutations -- Research ,HIV (Viruses) -- Genetic aspects ,HIV (Viruses) -- Research ,Disease transmission -- Research ,Antiviral agents -- Usage ,Antiviral agents -- Health aspects ,Health ,Health care industry - Published
- 2009
21. Screening for tuberculosis among 2381 household contacts of sputum-smear-positive cases in The Gambia
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Jackson-Sillah, Dolly, Hill, Philip C., Fox, Annette, Brookes, Roger H., Donkor, Simon A., Lugos, Moses D., Howie, Stephen R.C., Fielding, Katherine R., Jallow, Adama, Lienhardt, Christian, Corrah, Tumani, Adegbola, Richard A., and McAdam, Keith P.
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- 2007
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22. A Gambian infant with fever and an unexpected blood film
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Howie, Stephen, Guy, Malcolm, Fleming, Louise, Bailey, Wendi, Noyes, Harry, Faye, Joseph Axel, Pepin, Jacques, Greenwood, Brian, Whittle, Hilton, Molyneux, David, and Corrah, Tumani
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Fever in children -- Case studies - Abstract
DESCRIPTION of CASE The patient, a two-month-old Gambian infant, was one of twins born in November 2003. In the latter part of her pregnancy, the patient's mother went to stay [...]
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- 2006
23. Comparison of enzyme-linked immunospot assay and tuberculin skin test in healthy children exposed to mycobacterium tuberculosis
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Hill, Philip C., Brookes, Roger H., Adetifa, Ifedayo M.O., Fox, Annette, Jackson-Sillah, Dolly, Lugos, Moses D., Donkor, Simon A., Marshall, Roger J., Howie, Stephen R.C., Corrah, Tumani, Jeffries, David J., Adegbola, Richard A., and McAdam, Keith P.W.J.
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Mycobacterium tuberculosis -- Diagnosis ,Mycobacterium tuberculosis -- Care and treatment ,Tuberculin test -- Analysis - Abstract
OBJECTIVE. To compare the enzyme-linked immunospot (ELISPOT) assay with the tuberculin skin test (TST) in children for the diagnosis of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection in the Gambia. METHODS. We divided child contacts of sputum smear-positive tuberculosis cases into 3 age categories ( RESULTS. In child contacts of 287 cases, 225 (32.5%) of 693 were positive by TST and 232 (32.3%) of 718 by ELISPOT. The overall agreement between tests was 83% and the discordance was not significant. Both tests responded to the M tuberculosis exposure gradient in each age category. The percentage of those who were TST positive/ELISPOT negative increased with increasing exposure. At the lowest exposure level, the percentage of ELISPOT-positive children who were TST negative was increased compared with the highest exposure level. Neither test had evidence of false positive results because of BCG. CONCLUSIONS. In Gambian children, the ELISPOT is slightly less sensitive than the TST in the diagnosis of M tuberculosis infection from recent exposure, and neither test is confounded by prior BCG vaccination. Evidence of reduced TST sensitivity in subjects with the lowest known recent M tuberculosis exposure suggests that, when maximal sensitivity is important, the 2 tests may be best used together. Key Words tuberculin skin test, ELISPOT, tuberculosis, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Abbreviations TST--tuberculin skin test BCG--Bacille Calmette Guerin ESAT-6--early secretory antigenic target 6 CFP-10--culture filterate protein 10 ELISPOT--enzyme-linked immunospot MRC--Medical Research Council SFU--spot forming units OR--odds ratio CI--confidence interval TUBERCULOSIS IN [...]
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- 2006
24. Elimination of Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) disease from The Gambia after the introduction of routine immunisation with a Hib conjugate vaccine: a prospective study
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Adegbola, Richard A., Secka, Ousman, Lahai, George, Lloyd-Evans, Nellie, Njie, Alpha, Usen, Stanley, Oluwalona, Claire, Obaro, Stephen, Weber, Martin, Corrah, Tumani, Mulholland, Kim, McAdam, Keith, Greenwood, Brian, and Milligan, Paul J.M.
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Vaccination -- Patient outcomes ,Hemophilus influenzae -- Prevention ,Children -- Diseases ,Children -- Observations - Published
- 2005
25. Quantitative T cell assay reflects infectious load of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in an endemic case contact model
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Hill, Philip C., Fox, Annette, Jeffries, David J., Jackson-Sillah, Dolly, Lugos, Moses D., Owiafe, Patrick K., Donkor, Simon A., Hammond, Abdulrahman S., Corrah, Tumani, Adegbola, Richard A., McAdam, Keith P.W.J., and Brookes, Roger H.
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T cells -- Research ,Mycobacterium tuberculosis -- Risk factors ,Mycobacterium tuberculosis -- Diagnosis ,Mycobacterium tuberculosis -- Care and treatment ,Medical research ,Medicine, Experimental ,Health ,Health care industry - Published
- 2005
26. Body mass index at time of HIV diagnosis: a strong and independent predictor of survival
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Sande, Marianne A. B. van der, Loeff, Maarten F. Schim van der, Aveika, Akum A., Sarge-Njie, Ramu, Corrah, Tumani, Whittle, Hilton C., Jaye, Assan, Alabi, Abraham, Sabally, Saihou, and Todun, Toyin
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HIV infection -- Diagnosis ,HIV patients -- Care and treatment ,Body mass index -- Research ,Antiviral agents -- Research ,Health - Abstract
The study assessed how well body mass index (BMI: kg/m2) predicts survival, as identification of basic prognostic indicators of HIV infection is essential before widespread antiretroviral therapy can be implemented in low-technology settings. It is found that BMI at diagnosis is a strong, independent predictor of survival in HIV-infected patients in West Africa, and BMI may also prove as a useful guide for deciding when to initiate antiretroviral therapy.
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- 2004
27. Large-scale evaluation of enzyme-linked immunospot assay and skin test for diagnosis of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection against a gradient of exposure in the Gambia
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Hill, Philip C., Brookes, Roger H., Fox, Annette, Fielding, Katherine, Jeffries, David J., Jackson-Sillah, Dolly, Lugos, Moses D., Owiafe, Patrick K., Donkor, Simon A., Hammond, Abdulrahman S., Otu, Jacob K., Corrah, Tumani, Adegbola, Richard A., and McAdam, Keith P.W.J.
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Mycobacterium tuberculosis -- Diagnosis ,Mycobacterium tuberculosis -- Research ,Tuberculosis -- Diagnosis ,Tuberculosis -- Research ,Health ,Health care industry - Published
- 2004
28. Incidence of Haemophilus influenzae Type b Disease in The Gambia 14 Years after Introduction of Routine Haemophilus influenzae Type b Conjugate Vaccine Immunization
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Oluwalana, Claire, Howie, Stephen R.C., Secka, Ousman, Ideh, Readon C., Ebruke, Bernard, Sambou, Sana, Erskine, James, Lowe, Yamundow, Corrah, Tumani, and Adegbola, Richard A.
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- 2013
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29. Reaching Millennium Development Goal 4 – The Gambia
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Jasseh, Momodou, Webb, Emily L., Jaffar, Shabbar, Howie, Stephen, Townend, John, Smith, Peter G., Greenwood, Brian M., and Corrah, Tumani
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- 2011
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30. Possible Reasons Why Sub-Saharan Africa Experienced a Less Severe COVID-19 Pandemic in 2020.
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Oleribe, Obinna O, Suliman, Ahmed AA, Taylor-Robinson, Simon D, and Corrah, Tumani
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COVID-19 pandemic ,COVID-19 ,DISEASE prevalence - Abstract
Both scientific authorities and governments of nations worldwide were found lacking in their COVID-19 response and management, resulting in significant distrust by the general public in 2020. Scientific and medical bodies often failed to give the right counsel on the appropriate course of action on COVID-19, because proven steps were not known, while many governments around the world took ineffective, late or inappropriate COVID-19 control and containment strategies. If the 2020 COVID-19 incidence rates are to be believed, much of sub-Saharan Africa had a lower disease prevalence than expected. We put forward six factors peculiar to much of sub-Saharan Africa that may have accounted for the pandemic landscape there in 2020. We also discuss why the situation has become more serious in 2021. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2021
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31. Variations in the NRAMP1 gene and susceptibility to tuberculosis in West Africans
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Bellamy, Richard, Ruwende, Cyril, Corrah, Tumani, McAdam, Keith P.W.J., Whittle, Hilton C., and Hill, Adrian V.S.
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Tuberculosis -- Genetic aspects ,Mycobacterial infections -- Sub-Saharan Africa ,Disease susceptibility -- Genetic aspects ,Genetic polymorphisms -- Health aspects - Abstract
Susceptibility to tuberculosis may be affected by genetic differences among the population of Gambia, West Africa. Studies in mice have determined that the natural-resistance-associated macrophage protein 1 (NRAMP1) gene influences resistance to mycobacteria, the type of bacteria which causes tuberculosis. Researchers studied a similar gene in 410 people with tuberculosis and 417 healthy volunteers in Africa. Four particular mutations of NRAMP1 were strongly associated with infection with tuberculosis. This gene may be involved in other infectious diseases as well.
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- 1998
32. Serotype and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of isolates of Streptococcus pneumoniae causing invasive disease in The Gambia 1996–2003
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Adegbola, Richard A., Hill, Philip C., Secka, Ousman, Ikumapayi, Usman N., Lahai, George, Greenwood, Brian M., and Corrah, Tumani
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- 2006
33. Virological and immunological response to Combivir and emergence of drug resistance mutations in a cohort of HIV-2 patients in The Gambia
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Jallow, Sabelle, Kaye, Steve, Alabi, Abraham, Aveika, Akum, Sarge-Njie, Ramu, Sabally, Saihou, Corrah, Tumani, Whittle, Hilton, Vanham, Guido, Rowland-Jones, Sarah, Janssens, Wouter, and McConkey, Samuel J
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- 2006
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34. Plasma viral load, CD4 cell percentage, HLA and survival of HIV-1, HIV-2, and dually infected Gambian patients
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Alabi, Abraham S, Jaffar, Shabbar, Ariyoshi, Koya, Blanchard, Tom, Schim van der Loeff, Maarten, Awasana, Akum Aveika, Corrah, Tumani, Sabally, Sehu, Sarge-Njie, Ramu, Cham-Jallow, Fatim, Jaye, Assan, Berry, Neil, and Whittle, Hilton
- Published
- 2003
35. Polarization of PPD-Specific T-Cell Response of Patients with Tuberculosis from Th0 to Th1 Profile after Successful Antimycobacterial Therapy or In Vitro Conditioning with Interferon- α or Interleukin-12
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Marchant, Arnaud, Amedei, Amedeo, Azzurri, Annalisa, Vekemans, Johan, Benagiano, Marisa, Tamburini, Carlo, Lienhardt, Christian, Corrah, Tumani, McAdam, Keith P. W. J., Romagnani, Sergio, DʼElios, Mario M., and Del Prete, Gianfranco
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- 2001
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36. PCR-based genotyping of Helicobacter pylori of Gambian children and adults directly from biopsy specimens and bacterial cultures
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Secka Ousman, Antonio Martin, Tapgun Mary, Berg Douglas E, Bottomley Christian, Thomas Vivat, Walton Robert, Corrah Tumani, Adegbola Richard A, and Thomas Julian E
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Genotyping ,Helicobacter pylori ,biopsy specimens ,bacterial cultures ,Diseases of the digestive system. Gastroenterology ,RC799-869 - Abstract
Abstract Background Helicobacter pylori is an important agent of gastroduodenal disease in Africa and throughout the world. We sought to determine an optimum method for genotyping H. pylori strains from children and adults in The Gambia, West Africa. Results Virulence genes were amplified in 127 of 190 cases tested (121 adults and 6 children); each of 60 bacterial cultures, and 116 from DNA extracted directly from biopsies. The proportion of biopsies that were cagA+, the ratio of vacAs1/s2, and vacAm1/m2, and the proportion of mixed strain populations in individual subjects changed with age. Strains lacking virulence cagA and vacA genes and with apparently homogeneous (one predominant strain) infections were more common among infants than adults. Conclusions In order to detect the range of bacterial genotypes harbored by individual patients, direct PCR proved slightly superior to isolation of H. pylori by biopsy culture, but the techniques were complementary, and the combination of both culture and direct PCR produced the most complete picture. The seemingly higher virulence of strains from adult than infant infections in The Gambia merits further analysis.
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- 2011
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37. Antiretroviral therapy in sub-Saharan Africa
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Muller, Olaf, Corrah, Tumani, Katabira, Elly, Plummer, Frank, and Mabey, David
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- 1998
38. European and Developing Countries Clinical Trials Partnership (EDCTP): the path towards a true partnership
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Ofori-Adjei David, Zijenah Lynn, Ndounga Mathieu, Ambene Herman PA, Kitua Andrew Y, Jaoko Walter G, Corrah Tumani, Ndumbe Peter M, Manyando Christine, Matee Mecky I, Agwale Simon, Shongwe Steven, Nyirenda Thomas, and Makanga Michael
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Public aspects of medicine ,RA1-1270 - Abstract
Abstract Background European and Developing Countries Clinical Trials Partnership (EDCTP) was founded in 2003 by the European Parliament and Council. It is a partnership of 14 European Union (EU) member states, Norway, Switzerland, and Developing Countries, formed to fund acceleration of new clinical trial interventions to fight the human immunodeficiency virus and acquired immune deficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS), malaria and tuberculosis (TB) in the sub-Saharan African region. EDCTP seeks to be synergistic with other funding bodies supporting research on these diseases. Methods EDCTP promotes collaborative research supported by multiple funding agencies and harnesses networking expertise across different African and European countries. EDCTP is different from other similar initiatives. The organisation of EDCTP blends important aspects of partnership that includes ownership, sustainability and responds to demand-driven research. The Developing Countries Coordinating Committee (DCCC); a team of independent scientists and representatives of regional health bodies from sub-Saharan Africa provides advice to the partnership. Thus EDCTP reflects a true partnership and the active involvement and contribution of these African scientists ensures joint ownership of the EDCTP programme with European counterparts. Results The following have been the major achievements of the EDCTP initiative since its formation in 2003; i) increase in the number of participating African countries from two to 26 in 2008 ii) the cumulative amount of funds spent on EDCTP projects has reached € 150 m, iii) the cumulative number of clinical trials approved has reached 40 and iv) there has been a significant increase number and diversity in capacity building activities. Conclusion While we recognise that EDCTP faced enormous challenges in its first few years of existence, the strong involvement of African scientists and its new initiatives such as unconditional funding to regional networks of excellence in sub-Saharan Africa is envisaged to lead to a sustainable programme. Current data shows that the number of projects supported by EDCTP is increasing. DCCC proposes that this success story of true partnership should be used as model by partners involved in the fight against other infectious diseases of public health importance in the region.
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- 2009
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39. Exogenous re-infection by a novel Streptococcus pneumoniae serotype 14 as a cause of recurrent meningitis in a child from The Gambia
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Howie Stephen, Corrah Tumani, Secka Ousman, Oluwalana Claire, Antonio Martin, and Adegbola Richard A
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Therapeutics. Pharmacology ,RM1-950 ,Infectious and parasitic diseases ,RC109-216 ,Microbiology ,QR1-502 - Abstract
Abstract We report a case of an infant who experienced exogenous re-infection of Streptococcus pneumoniae serotype 14 as a cause of recurrent meningitis after apparently successful antibiotic treatment with ceftriaxone. eBURST analysis revealed that isolates from the two episodes of meningitis belonged to hypervirulent ST63 and ST3321 clonal complexes respectively.
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- 2009
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40. Seasonality and outbreak of a predominant Streptococcus pneumoniae serotype 1 clone from The Gambia: Expansion of ST217 hypervirulent clonal complex in West Africa
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Hill Philip C, Zaman Syed MA, Enwere Godwin, Egere Uzochukwu, Akisanya Abiodun, Lahai George, Nsekpong David, Sankareh Kawsu, Secka Ousman, Awine Timothy, Hakeem Ishrat, Antonio Martin, Corrah Tumani, Cutts Felicity, Greenwood Brian M, and Adegbola Richard A
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Microbiology ,QR1-502 - Abstract
Abstract Background Streptococcus pneumoniae serotype 1 causes > 20% of invasive disease, among all age groups combined, in The Gambia. In contrast, it is rarely detected in carriage studies. This study compares the molecular epidemiology of S. pneumoniae serotype 1 causing invasive disease in The Gambia between 1996 and 2005 to those carried in the nasopharynx between 2004 and 2006. Results A total of 127 invasive and 36 nasopharyngeal carriage serotype 1 isolates were recovered from individuals of all age groups and were analyzed by serotyping, antibiotic susceptibility testing and MLST. MLST analysis revealed 23 different sequence types (STs), 18 of which were novel. The most prevalent clone among the 163 isolates was ST618 (70.5%), followed by ST3575 (7.4%), ST2084 (2.5%) and ST612 (2.5%). A single ST (ST618), previously shown to belong to the ST217 hypervirulent clonal complex, was frequent among carriage (61.1%) and invasive (72.7%) serotype 1 isolates. ST618 causing both paediatric and adult disease peaked annually in the hot dry season and caused outbreak in 1997 and 2002. Conclusion For over a decade, isolates of ST618 have been the dominant lineage among serotype 1 carriage and disease isolates circulating in the Gambia. This lineage shows similar epidemiological features to those of the meningococcus in the African meningitis belt being able to cause outbreaks of disease
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- 2008
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41. Bacteraemia in patients admitted to an urban hospital in West Africa
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Howie Stephen R, Donkor Simon A, Simmonds Naomi, Ameyaw Samuel, Secka Ousman, Ikumapayi Usman NA, Onyeama Charles O, Hill Philip C, Tapgun Mary, Corrah Tumani, and Adegbola Richard A
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Infectious and parasitic diseases ,RC109-216 - Abstract
Abstract Background Few studies on bacteraemia in Africa have been published. We aimed to prospectively identify the causative organisms of bacteraemia in The Gambia and their relation to clinical diagnoses, outcome and antimicrobial susceptibility. Methods Between November 2003 and February 2005 we studied those admitted to the Medical Research Council hospital who were suspected of having bacteraemia. We documented clinical features, outcome, pathogens identified and their susceptibility patterns, and searched for factors associated with bacteraemia. Results 871 patients were admitted and had a blood culture taken. The median age was 2 years (range 2 months to 80 years) and 36 of 119 tested were HIV positive; 54.5% were male. 297 (34%) had a positive result and 93 (10.7% overall) were considered a genuine pathogen. Those with bacteraemia were more likely to die in hospital (OR 2.79; 1.17–6.65, p = 0.017) and to have a high white cell count (WCC; OR 1.81;95% CI 1.09–3.02; p = 0.022). Three organisms accounted for 73% of bacteraemias: Streptococcus pneumoniae (45.2%), Staphylococcus aureus (18.3%) and Escherichia coli (9.7%) while non-typhoidal salmonellae (NTS) accounted for 8.6%. Antimicrobial susceptibility of S. pneumoniae was very high to penicillin (97.5%); high resistance was found to co-trimoxazole. S. aureus was generally highly susceptible to cloxacillin, gentamicin and chloramphenicol. E. coli and NTS were all susceptible to ciprofloxacin and mostly susceptible to gentamicin. Thirteen (33%) S. pneumoniae isolates were of serotypes contained in a 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine and 20 (51.3%) were of the same serogroup. Conclusion In The Gambia, those with bacteraemia are more likely than those without to die in hospital and to have a raised peripheral blood WCC. S. pneumoniae is the most common organism isolated. Introduction of a pneumococcal conjugate vaccine can be expected to lead to a reduction in disease incidence.
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- 2007
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42. Health seeking behaviour, health system experience and tuberculosis case finding in Gambians with cough
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Jallow Adama, Antonnio Martin, Donkor Simon A, Corrah Tumani, Jasseh Momodou, Kasse Yaya, Adegbola Richard A, and Hill Philip C
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Public aspects of medicine ,RA1-1270 - Abstract
Abstract Background Studies in Africa investigating health-seeking behaviour by interviewing tuberculosis patients have revealed patient knowledge issues and significant delays to diagnosis. We aimed to study health-seeking behaviour and experience of those with cough in The Gambia and to identify whether they had tuberculosis. Methods During a round of a population under 3-monthly demographic surveillance, we identified people >10 years old who had been coughing ≥ 3 weeks. A questionnaire was administered concerning demographic data, cough, knowledge, health seeking, and experience at health facilities. Case finding utilised sputum smear and chest X-ray. Results 122/29,871 coughing individuals were identified. Of 115 interviewed, 93 (81%) had sought treatment; 76 (81.7%) from the health system. Those that visited an alternative health provider first were significantly older than those who visited the health system first (p = 0.03). The median time to seek treatment was 2 weeks (range 0 – 106). 54 (58.1%) made their choice of provider because they believed it was right. Of those who left the health system to an alternative provider (n = 13): 7 believed it was the best place, 3 cited cost and 2 failure to improve. 3 cases were identified by sputum analysis, 11 more by X-ray; all had visited the health system first. Total 'excess' cough time was 1079 person weeks. Conclusion The majority of people with cough in this population seek appropriate help early. Improved case detection might be achieved through the use of chest X-ray in addition to sputum smear.
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- 2006
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43. Systemic lupus erythematosus in African immigrants
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McKeigue, Pam, Molokhia, Mariam, Corrah, Tumani, and Greenwood, Brian
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Systemic lupus erythematosus -- Statistics - Published
- 2001
44. Zinc as an adjunct therapy in the management of severe pneumonia among Gambian children: randomized controlled trial.
- Author
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Howie, Stephen, Bottomley, Christian, Chimah, Osaretin, Ideh, Readon, Ebruke, Bernard, Okomo, Uduak, Onyeama, Charles, Donkor, Simon, Rodrigues, Onike, Tapgun, Mary, Janneh, Marie, Oluwalana, Claire, Kuti, Bankole, Enwere, Godwin, Esangbedo, Pamela, Doherty, Conor, Mackenzie, Grant, Greenwood, Brian, Corrah, Tumani, and Prentice, Andrew
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THERAPEUTIC use of zinc ,PNEUMONIA ,RESEARCH ,RESEARCH methodology ,EVALUATION research ,SEVERITY of illness index ,TREATMENT effectiveness ,COMPARATIVE studies ,RANDOMIZED controlled trials ,DRUGS ,GAMBIANS ,BLIND experiment ,RESEARCH funding ,ZINC - Abstract
Background: The benefit of zinc as an adjunct therapy for severe pneumonia is not established. We assessed the benefit of adjunct zinc therapy for severe pneumonia in children and determined whether the study children were zinc deficient.Methods: This was a randomized, parallel group, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial with an allocation ratio of 1:1 conducted in children with severe pneumonia to evaluate the efficacy of daily zinc as an adjunct treatment in preventing 'treatment failure' (presence of any sign of severe pneumonia) on day-5 and day-10 and in reducing the time to resolution of signs of severe pneumonia. Six hundred and four children 2-59 months of age presenting with severe pneumonia at six urban and rural health care facilities in The Gambia were individually randomised to receive placebo (n = 301) or zinc (n = 303) for seven days. To determine if the study children were zinc deficient, supplementation was continued in a randomly selected subgroup of 121 children from each arm for six months post-enrolment, and height-gain, nutritional status, plasma zinc concentrations, and immune competence were compared.Results: Percentage of treatment failure were similar in placebo and zinc arms both on day 5 (14.0% vs 14.1%) and day 10 (5.2% vs 5.9%). The time to recovery from lower chest wall indrawing and sternal retraction was longer in the placebo compared to zinc arm (24.4 vs 23.0 hours; P = 0.011 and 18.7 vs 11.0 hours; P = 0.006 respectively). The time to resolution for all respiratory symptoms of severity was not significantly different between placebo and zinc arms (42.3 vs 30.9 hours respectively; P = 0.242). In the six months follow-up sub-group, there was no significant difference in height gain, height-for-age and weight-for-height Z-scores, mid upper arm circumference, plasma zinc concentrations, and anergy at six months post-enrolment.Conclusions: In this population, zinc given as an adjunct treatment for severe pneumonia showed no benefit in treatment failure rates, or clinically important benefit in time to recovery from respiratory symptoms and showed marginal benefit in rapidity of resolution of some signs of severity. This finding does not support routine use of zinc as an adjunct treatment in severe pneumonia in generally zinc replete children.Trial Registration: ISRCTN33548493. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2018
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45. Migration of health professionals
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Farham, Bridget, Howie, Stephen, Adegbola, Richard, Corrah, Tumani, Chipwete, James, Ramaiah, Sam, and Kudo, Kei
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Medical personnel -- Emigration and immigration ,South Africa -- Emigration and immigration - Published
- 2005
46. Whole-genome sequencing illuminates the evolution and spread of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis in Southwest Nigeria.
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Senghore, Madikay, Otu, Jacob, Witney, Adam, Gehre, Florian, Doughty, Emma L., Kay, Gemma L., Butcher, Phillip, Salako, Kayode, Kehinde, Aderemi, Onyejepu, Nneka, Idigbe, Emmanuel, Corrah, Tumani, De Jong, Bouke, Pallen, Mark J., and Antonio, Martin
- Subjects
MULTIDRUG-resistant tuberculosis ,NUCLEOTIDE sequencing ,MYCOBACTERIUM tuberculosis ,MOLECULAR epidemiology ,DRUG resistance ,PREVENTION ,PATIENTS - Abstract
Nigeria has an emerging problem with multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB). Whole-genome sequencing was used to understand the epidemiology of tuberculosis and genetics of multi-drug resistance among patients from two tertiary referral centers in Southwest Nigeria. In line with previous molecular epidemiology studies, most isolates of Mycobacterium tuberculosis from this dataset belonged to the Cameroon clade within the Euro-American lineage. Phylogenetic analysis showed this clade was undergoing clonal expansion in this region, and suggests that it was involved in community transmission of sensitive and multidrug-resistant tuberculosis. Five patients enrolled for retreatment were infected with pre-extensively drug resistant (pre-XDR) due to fluoroquinolone resistance in isolates from the Cameroon clade. In all five cases resistance was conferred through a mutation in the gyrA gene. In some patients, genomic changes occurred in bacterial isolates during the course of treatment that potentially led to decreased drug susceptibility. We conclude that inter-patient transmission of resistant isolates, principally from the Cameroon clade, contributes to the spread of MDR-TB in this setting, underscoring the urgent need to curb the spread of multi-drug resistance in this region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2017
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47. A Tuberculin Skin Test Survey and the Annual Risk of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection in Gambian School Children.
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Adetifa, Ifedayo M. O., Muhammad, Abdul Khalie, Jeffries, David, Donkor, Simon, Borgdorff, Martien W., Corrah, Tumani, and D’Alessandro, Umberto
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TUBERCULOSIS in children ,TUBERCULIN test ,SKIN tests ,HEALTH of school children ,GAMBIANS ,HEALTH surveys ,DISEASES ,DISEASE risk factors - Abstract
Background: A Tuberculin skin test (TST) survey was conducted to assess the prevalence of latent TB Infection (LTBI) and to estimate the annual risk of M. tuberculosis infection (ARTI) in Gambian school children. The results are expected to contribute to understanding of Tuberculosis epidemiology in The Gambia. Methods: This was a nationwide, multi-cluster survey in children aged 6–11 years. Districts, 20 of 37, were selected by probability proportional to size and schools by simple random sampling. All TST were performed using the Mantoux method. Height and weight measurements were obtained for all participants. We calculated prevalence of LTBI using cut-off points of 10mm, the mirror and mixture modelling methods. Results: TST readings were completed 13,386 children with median age of 9 years (interquartile range [IQR] 8–10 years). Mixture analysis yielded a cut-off point of 12 mm, and LTBI prevalence of 6.9% [95%CI 6.47–7.37] and the ARTI was 0.75% [95%CI 0.60–0.91]. LTBI was associated gender and urban residence (p <0.01). Nutritional status was not associated with non-reactive TST or sizes of TST indurations. ARTI did not differ significantly by age, gender, BCG vaccination or residence. Conclusions: This estimates for LTBI prevalence and ARTI were low but this survey provides updated data. Malnutrition did not affect estimates of LTBI and ARTI. Given the low ARTI in this survey and the overlapping distribution of indurations with mixture modelling, further surveys may require complementary tests such as interferon gamma release assays or novel diagnostic tools. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2015
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48. Use of Self-Reported Adherence and Keeping Clinic Appointments as Predictors of Viremia in Routine HIV Care in the Gambia.
- Author
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Peterson, Kevin, Menten, Joris, Peterson, Ingrid, Togun, Toyin, Okomo, Uduak, Oko, Francis, Corrah, Tumani, Jaye, Assan, and Colebunders, Robert
- Abstract
We followed 205 HIV-infected adults on antiretroviral therapy for at least 12 weeks in a Gambian clinic, where routine viral load monitoring was performed. The 1- and 4-week self-reported adherence and timeliness in keeping to scheduled appointments were recorded at each visit. Seventy patients had measurable viremia between the 12th week and the 3rd year of therapy. Survival analysis of the first detectable viral load on therapy demonstrated an association with 4-week (hazard ratio [HR] 2.6, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.5-4.3, P=.001) and 1-week (HR 1.9, 95% CI 1.1-3.3, P=.024) self-reported suboptimal adherence and with 1 to 15 days of late presentation for appointments (HR 1.6-1.8, P .027-.109). In a multiple regression model, only 4-week self-reported adherence remained as a significant predictor of viremia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2015
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- View/download PDF
49. Population Genetic Analyses of Helicobacter pylori Isolates from Gambian Adults and Children.
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Secka, Ousman, Moodley, Yoshan, Antonio, Martin, Berg, Douglas E., Tapgun, Mary, Walton, Robert, Worwui, Archibald, Thomas, Vivat, Corrah, Tumani, Thomas, Julian E., and Adegbola, Richard A.
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HELICOBACTER pylori ,PATHOGENIC microorganisms ,GENETIC algorithms ,POPULATION policy - Abstract
The gastric pathogen Helicobacter pylori is one of the most genetically diverse of bacterial species. Much of its diversity stems from frequent mutation and recombination, preferential transmission within families and local communities, and selection during persistent gastric mucosal infection. MLST of seven housekeeping genes had identified multiple distinct H. pylori populations, including three from Africa: hpNEAfrica, hpAfrica1 and hpAfrica2, which consists of three subpopulations (hspWAfrica, hspCAfrica and hspSAfrica). Most detailed H. pylori population analyses have used strains from non-African countries, despite Africa's high importance in the emergence and evolution of humans and their pathogens. Our concatenated sequences from seven H. pylori housekeeping genes from 44 Gambian patients (MLST) identified 42 distinct sequence types (or haplotypes), and no clustering with age or disease. STRUCTURE analysis of the sequence data indicated that Gambian H. pylori strains belong to the hspWAfrica subpopulation of hpAfrica1, in accord with Gambia's West African location. Despite Gambia's history of invasion and colonisation by Europeans and North Africans during the last millennium, no traces of Ancestral Europe1 (AE1) population carried by those people were found. Instead, admixture of 17% from Ancestral Europe2 (AE2) was detected in Gambian strains; this population predominates in Nilo-Saharan speakers of North-East Africa, and might have been derived from admixture of hpNEAfrica strains these people carried when they migrated across the Sahara during the Holocene humid period 6,000–9,000 years ago. Alternatively, shared AE2 ancestry might have resulted from shared ancestral polymorphisms already present in the common ancestor of sister populations hpAfrica1 and hpNEAfrica. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2014
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50. Etiology of Severe Childhood Pneumonia in The Gambia, West Africa, Determined by Conventional and Molecular Microbiological Analyses of Lung and Pleural Aspirate Samples.
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Howie, Stephen R. C., Morris, Gerard A. J., Tokarz, Rafal, Ebruke, Bernard E., Machuka, Eunice M., Ideh, Readon C., Chimah, Osaretin, Secka, Ousman, Townend, John, Dione, Michel, Oluwalana, Claire, Njie, Malick, Jallow, Mariatou, Hill, Philip C., Antonio, Martin, Greenwood, Brian, Briese, Thomas, Mulholland, Kim, Corrah, Tumani, and Lipkin, W. Ian
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ETIOLOGY of pneumonia ,MOLECULAR microbiology ,STREPTOCOCCUS pneumoniae ,HAEMOPHILUS influenzae - Abstract
Molecular analyses of lung aspirates from Gambian children with severe pneumonia detected pathogens more frequently than did culture and showed a predominance of bacteria, principally Streptococcus pneumoniae, >75% being of serotypes covered by current pneumococcal conjugate vaccines. Multiple pathogens were detected frequently, notably Haemophilus influenzae (mostly nontypeable) together with S. pneumoniae. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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