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Equilibrium data of aqueous two-phase systems composed of polyethylene glycol (4000 g mol−1 or 6000 g mol−1) and Li2SO4, (NH4)2SO4 or Na2SO4 at pH 6.5 and 25 °C were obtained. The efficiency of these in the partition of amylases derived from Aspergillus niger was determined. The experimental data of binodal curves and tie lines were used to estimate the group interaction parameters using the UNIFAC model. Additionally, the influence of phases on the activity of the enzymes was investigated. The results indicate that the polymer molar mass did not influence the biphasic region size. However, the cations under study presented differences in induction to phase formation. It was verified that the systems formed with the Na+ presented a larger biphasic region. The increase in the molar mass of the polymer caused the increase in the exclusion volume from 3970.732 g mol−1 to 5700.873 g mol−1. The transfer Gibbs free energy of enzymes presented values between −1296.30 kJ mol−1 and −2867.70 kJ mol−1, that is, the process was spontaneous for all systems studied. The systems formed by (NH4)2SO4 and PEG 4000 g mol−1 presented the best Ke result (3.421) and theoretical recovery of 80.35 %.

For decades, following the views of the Argentine legal scholar Carlos Calvo, Latin American countries avoided adopting international investment treaties. The Calvo doctrine established that disputes between foreign investors and the state should only be settled by national courts, to the exclusion of international jurisdictions. This position eroded as numerous bilateral investment treaties (BITs) were signed during the 1980s and 1990s, exposing the countries of the region to investment lawsuits. Recently, a crisis of the investment treaty regime has been noticed in the region, with the denunciation of both BITs and the ICSID Convention, the non-recognition of arbitral awards, and the negotiation of a new model of investment treaties. The analysis of the historical process of rise and crisis of the investment regime in the region, through the review of documents and data on its effects, demonstrate that countries have taken measures to restrict the possibility of investor-State arbitration. In this sense, the region seems to be experiencing a return to Calvo's doctrine on the need to guarantee countries’ decision-making autonomy in strategic policies., Por décadas, os países da América Latina evitaram adotar tratados de investimento seguindo os pensamentos do jurista argentino Carlos Calvo. A doutrina Calvo estabelecia que as disputas entre investidores estrangeiros e o Estado deveriam ser resolvidas pelos tribunais nacionais, à exclusão de jurisdições internacionais. Essa posição se erodiu à medida que um número crescente de tratados bilaterais de investimento (BITs) foi assinado nas décadas de 1980 e 1990, expondo os países da região a ações arbitrais de investimento. Recentemente, percebe-se uma crise do regime de investimentos na região, com a denúncia de BITs e da Convenção ICSID, o não reconhecimento de sentenças arbitrais e a negociação de um novo modelo de tratados de investimentos. Da análise do processo histórico de ascensão e crise do regime de investimento, através da análise de documentos e dados sobre os efeitos dos acordos de investimento, pode-se dizer que os países da região têm tomado medidas para restringir a possibilidade de arbitragens Investidor-Estado. Nesse sentido, estaríamos experimentando um retorno à doutrina de Calvo sobre a necessidade de garantir autonomia decisória sobre políticas públicas estratégicas na região.

[Motivation] Trait variation within species can reveal plastic and/or genetic responses to environmental gradients, and may indicate where local adaptation has occurred. Here, we present a dataset of rangewide variation in leaf traits from seven of the most ecologically and economically important tree species in Europe. Sample collection and trait assessment are embedded in the GenTree project (EU-Horizon 2020), which aims at characterizing the genetic and phenotypic variability of forest tree species to optimize the management and sustainable use of forest genetic resources. Our dataset captures substantial intra- and interspecific leaf phenotypic variability, and provides valuable information for studying the relationship between ecosystem functioning and trait variability of individuals, and the response and resilience of species to environmental changes., [Main types of variable contained] We chose morphological and chemical characters linked to trade-offs between acquisition and conservation of resources and water use, namely specific leaf area, leaf size, carbon and nitrogen content and their ratio, and the isotopic signature of stable isotope 13C and 15N in leaves., [Spatial location and grain] We surveyed between 18 and 22 populations per species, 141 in total, across Europe., [Time period] Leaf sampling took place between 2016 and 2017., [Major taxa and level of measurement] We sampled at least 25 individuals in each population, 3,569 trees in total, and measured traits in 35,755 leaves from seven European tree species, i.e. the conifers Picea abies, Pinus pinaster and Pinus sylvestris, and the broadleaves Betula pendula, Fagus sylvatica, Populus nigra and Quercus petraea., [Software format] The data files are in ASCII text, tab delimited, not compressed., All authors acknowledge support from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme under grant agreement no. 676876 (Project GenTree). Laboratory work was also supported by other projects: COMEDIAS (CGL2017- 83170-R, Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities), REMEDINAL IV (TE-CM S2018/EMT-4338, Project of the Autonomous Community of Madrid, Spain), SPONFOREST (BIODIVERSA-3, PCIN-2016-055), and International Laboratory of Global Change (LINCGlobal 4540-143AP). The Swiss contribution was supported by the Swiss Secretariat for Education, Research and Innovation (SERI) under contract no. 6.0032. BC was funded by a Scholarship from Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES (Brazil).

A Sociologia do Esporte, como subdisciplina, emergiu a partir dos anos 1960-70 na Europa e America do Norte com a finalidade de analisar a relacao interdependente do fenomeno esportivo e da vida em sociedade. As discussoes da Sociologia do Esporte, no entanto, so adentraram o territorio latino-americano a partir dos anos 1980, principalmente atraves de estudos antropologicos do futebol no Brasil e, posteriormente, na Argentina. O presente ensaio tem o objetivo de apresentar um panorama da estrutura do campo cientifico argentino e localizar a Sociologia do Esporte no interior desse sistema, apontando as peculiaridades dessa subdisciplina na Argentina., Sociology of Sport emerged as a sub-discipline in the 1960s-70s in Europe and North America to analyze the interdependent relationship of the sporting phenomenon and life in society. Discussions on Sociology of Sport, however, only entered Latin American territory in the 1980s, mainly through anthropological studies on football in Brazil and later in Argentina. This essay outlines the structure of the Argentinean scientific field and locates Sociology of Sport within that system, pointing out the peculiarities of the subdiscipline in Argentina., La sociología del deporte, como una subdisciplina, surgió en los años 60-70 en Europa y América del Norte con el propósito de analizar la relación interdependiente del fenómeno deportivo y de la vida en la sociedad. Las discusiones sobre Sociología del Deporte, sin embargo, solo ingresaron al territorio latinoamericano a partir de la década de 1980, principalmente a través de estudios antropológicos del fútbol en Brasil y, más tarde, en Argentina. Este ensayo tiene como objetivo presentar una visión general de la estructura del campo científico argentino y localizar a la sociología del deporte en ese sistema, señalando las peculiaridades de esta subdisciplina en Argentina., Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias de la Educación

International audience; Background: Although >150,000 mitral TEER procedures have been performed worldwide, the impact of MR etiology on MV surgery after TEER remains unknown.Objectives: The authors sought to compare outcomes of mitral valve (MV) surgery after failed transcatheter edge-to-edge repair (TEER) stratified by mitral regurgitation (MR) etiology.Methods: Data from the CUTTING-EDGE registry were retrospectively analyzed. Surgeries were stratified by MR etiology: primary (PMR) and secondary (SMR). MVARC (Mitral Valve Academic Research Consortium) outcomes at 30 days and 1 year were evaluated. Median follow-up was 9.1 months (IQR: 1.1-25.8 months) after surgery.Results: From July 2009 to July 2020, 330 patients underwent MV surgery after TEER, of which 47% had PMR and 53.0% had SMR. Mean age was 73.8 ± 10.1 years, median STS risk at initial TEER was 4.0% (IQR: 2.2%-7.3%). Compared with PMR, SMR had a higher EuroSCORE, more comorbidities, lower LVEF pre-TEER and presurgery (all P < 0.05). SMR patients had more aborted TEER (25.7% vs 16.3%; P = 0.043), more surgery for mitral stenosis after TEER (19.4% vs 9.0%; P = 0.008), and fewer MV repairs (4.0% vs 11.0%; P = 0.019). Thirty-day mortality was numerically higher in SMR (20.4% vs 12.7%; P = 0.072), with an observed-to-expected ratio of 3.6 (95% CI: 1.9-5.3) overall, 2.6 (95% CI: 1.2-4.0) in PMR, and 4.6 (95% CI: 2.6-6.6) in SMR. SMR had significantly higher 1-year mortality (38.3% vs 23.2%; P = 0.019). On Kaplan-Meier analysis, the actuarial estimates of cumulative survival were significantly lower in SMR at 1 and 3 years.Conclusions: The risk of MV surgery after TEER is nontrivial, with higher mortality after surgery, especially in SMR patients. These findings provide valuable data for further research to improve these outcomes.

Objetivo: Construir e validar um protocolo de cuidados de enfermagem à pessoa amputada por complicações diabéticas. Métodos: Pesquisa metodológica realizada em Recife-PE entre fevereiro de 2019 a outubro de 2020, compreendendo as seguintes etapas: 1) Fase teórica: revisão integrativa da literatura; 2) Fase de construção; 3) Validação por especialistas; 4) Validação pelo público-alvo. Na validação por especialistas, foi utilizado o Índice de Validação de Conteúdo. Na validação do público-alvo, fez-se uso do Índice de Concordância. Resultados: Os itens inclusos no instrumento perpassam pelas seguintes dimensões do cuidar: Biológica; Psicológica e Socioeducacional. A validação pelos juízes contou com 13 especialistas. O instrumento apresentou índice de 0,94. A validação pelo público-alvo contou com 33 participantes, todos os itens receberam índice de concordância ≥ 80%. Conclusão: O protocolo possibilita um cuidar integral, humanizado, incentivando a autonomia e auxiliando a reabilitação, permite a reflexão a respeito da individualização dos cuidados de enfermagem.

Objetivo: relatar as experiências dos autores durante o ensino remoto na pós-graduação em Enfermagem e Saúde, frente à pandemia de Coronavírus, sob a perspectiva de Paulo Freire. Método: relato de experiência a partir da observação direta e da participação nas atividades do componente curricular, entre março e junho de 2021, em uma universidade pública no Estado da Bahia (Brasil). Os dados foram registrados em um diário de campo, organizados por aproximação temática e analisados a partir do processo de ação-reflexão-ação. Resultados: identificaramse três dimensões que descortinaram os horizontes vivenciados no ensino remoto emergencial na perspectiva de buscar a qualificação da educação superior em saúde. Conclusão: observou-se que os diálogos realizados nas aulas remotas perpassaram por desafios e inovações no planejamento e na prática de aula e ressignificaram o processo de caracterização da prática docente. Evidenciou-se uma perspectiva de proporcionar o curso com qualidade, estimulando o processo de ação-reflexão-ação no ensino-aprendizagem.

Purpose: This study identified the most discussed variables related consumers’ behaviour about sustainable products. Furthermore, it analyses how those variables have been described and can be used for future studies and market practices.Method: A systematic literature review was conducted through three scientific research databases — Scopus, Web of Science, and SciElo — resulting in the in-depth analysis of 55 articles, and the mapping of how consumer behaviour is understood and categorised.Results: Variables such as norms, values, and beliefs, and the perception of product-related aspects are most likely to drive the purchasing behaviour of environmentally friendly products. Furthermore, price, difficulties in finding products, and lack of information are also viewed as significant barriers that discourage consumers from buying sustainable products.Theoretical contributions: This study intends to foster the academic discussion about how consumers perceive making purchasing decisions regarding products identified as more sustainable than the average on the market. It is believed that the comparison and categorization of distinct behavioural variables toward those green products can support further development of research on this topic.Originality/Relevance: This work was developed to contribute to the theoretical basis for understanding consumer behaviour and sustainability. It offers a concise view of the most discussed behavioural variables, creating support for new discussions. Objetivo: Este estudo objetivou a identificação das variáveis mais comuns do comportamento do consumidor em relação aos produtos sustentáveis, incluindo a análise sobre como estas variáveis são descritas e como podem ser utilizadas para estudos futuros.Método: Uma revisão sistemática de literatura foi realizada em três bases de pesquisa — Scopus, Web of Science e SciElo —, resultando em uma análise profunda de 55 artigos, e no mapeamento sobre como o comportamento do consumidor é visto e caracterizado na literatura.Resultados: Os resultados demonstraram que as variáveis, como as normas, valores e crenças, e a percepção de aspectos relacionados aos produtos, são as que mais tendem a influenciar o comportamento de compra para produtos ambientalmente corretos. Além disso, preço, dificuldades em encontrar tais produtos e a falta de informação, são identificados como barreiras significantes para o desencorajamento dos consumidores em adquirir produtos mais sustentáveis.Contribuições para a teoria: Este estudo pretendeu fomentar a discussão acadêmica sobre como os consumidores percebem e decidem comprar produtos identificados como mais sustentáveis do que os demais disponíveis no mercado. Como contribuições alcançadas, acredita-se que a comparação e categorização de diferentes variáveis comportamentais em relação a produtos verdes podem auxiliar no desenvolvimento de pesquisas futuras.Originalidade/Relevância: Este trabalho foi desenvolvido como uma contribuição para a base teórica em comportamento do consumidor e sustentabilidade, oferecendo uma visão concisa sobre as variáveis comportamentais mais discutidas na literatura, e criando maior fundamento para novas discussões.

Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o impacto da mudança de escopo do projeto na fase de execução de uma reforma de um forno de uma usina recém-adquirida por um grupo comprador, através da identificação das causas das mudanças de escopo. A participação direta de um dos autores no processo de mudança de escopo do projeto na fase de execução da reforma permitiu a produção do relato técnico conforme protocolo de Rojo e Walter (2014) segundo o método de estudo de caso único em uma empresa do setor metalúrgico. Os dados foram coletados com a participação direta de um dos autores no processo estudado por meio de relatórios gerenciais, das cotações do fornecedor do serviço de reforma refratária, das ordens de compra e observações diretas no período de outubro de 2019 a março de 2020. Os resultados obtidos mostram que o custo total do projeto devido a retrabalhos, aumentou 162% do custo inicial pela não definição completa de requisitos para a determinação do escopo de serviço. Os resultados das análises do diagrama de Ishikawa para a determinação das principais causas do escopo inicial incompleto, apontam: a) ambiente - falta de acesso ao interior do forno, visita e avaliação sem planejamento; b) método - análise técnica superficial; c) pessoas – falha de comunicação com fornecedores; d) máquina – desenhos desatualizados; e) material – danos não detectados. O planejamento do projeto e a seleção do gerente de projetos foram considerados critérios críticos, além destes a gestão de passivos foram as lições aprendidas por meio do desenvolvimento desse estudo. Apesar de se tratar de um caso único específico de um ambiente metalúrgico, este estudo contribui com o aumento do número de estudos empíricos no campo acadêmico sobre mudança de escopo, recorrente em outras áreas em projetos e no campo prático/ empresarial fornece as lições aprendidas que podem ser consideradas em operações semelhantes, não se restringindo ao nicho de usinas metalúrgicas, pois se estende o mesmo princípio para projetos, cujo escopo envolve reformas de equipamentos. purchasing group through the identification of the causes of the scope changes. The direct participation of one of the authors in the project scope change process in the renovation execution phase allowed the production of the technical report according to the protocol of Rojo and Walter (2014) according to the single case study method in a company in the metallurgical sector. Data were collected with the direct participation of one of the authors in the process studied through management reports, quotes from the refractory reforming service provider, purchase orders, and direct observations from October 2019 to March 2020. The results obtained show that the total cost of the project due to reworks, increased by 162% of the initial cost due to the lack of complete definition of requirements for determining the scope of service. The analysis results of the Ishikawa diagram for the determination of the main causes of the incomplete initial scope, point out: a) environment - lack of access to the interior of the oven, visit and evaluation without planning; b) method - superficial technical analysis; c) people – failure to communicate with suppliers; d) machine – outdated drawings; e) material – undetected damage. Project planning and project manager selection were considered critical criteria, in addition to these, liability management were the lessons learned through the development of this study. Despite being a unique case-specific to a metallurgical environment, this study contributes to the increase in the number of empirical studies in the academic field on scope change, recurrent in other areas in projects and the practical/business field, it provides the lessons learned that could be considered in similar operations, not being restricted to the niche of metallurgical plants, as the same principle extends to projects, whose scope involves equipment reforms.

O objetivo do presente trabalho é identificar o que caracteriza o fenômeno das notícias falsas – fake news a partir do levantamento bibliográfico e dos resultados de pesquisas nacionais e internacionais acerca do tema, identificar os limites clássicos da liberdade de expressão e se as denominadas fake news devem ter a proteção do direito de liberdade de expressão. Dessa forma, o problema de pesquisa é: as denominadas fake news devem ter a proteção do direito de liberdade de expressão? A metodologia utilizada é a dedutiva para a abordagem, o método de procedimento monográfico e a técnica de pesquisa bibliográfica. O tema justifica-se por sua relevância jurídica, social e política, tendo em vista que uma das principais consequências do fenômeno das fake news é a desinformação da população e o esvaziamento do debate público. El presente trabajo tiene como objetivo identificar qué caracteriza el fenómeno de las fake news a partir del relevamiento bibliográfico y de los resultados de investigaciones nacionales e internacionales sobre el tema, identificar los límites clásicos de la libertad de expresión y si las llamadas fake news deben contar con la protección del derecho a la libertad de expresión. Así, el problema de investigación es: ¿las llamadas fake news deben tener la protección del derecho a la libertad de expresión? La metodología utilizada es la deductiva para el enfoque, el método del procedimiento monográfico y la técnica de investigación bibliográfica. El tema se justifica por su relevancia jurídica, social y política, considerando que una de las principales consecuencias del fenómeno de las fake news es la desinformación de la población y el vaciamiento del debate publico.

Soy is the major oilseed crop as soybeans are widely used to produce biofuel, food, and feed. Other parts of the plant are left on the ground after harvest. The accumulation of such by-products on the soil can cause environmental problems. This work presents for the first time a comprehensive metabolite profiling of soy by-products collected directly from the ground just after mechanical harvesting. A two-liquid-phase extraction using n-heptane and EtOH-H2O 7:3 (v/v) provided extracts with complete characterization by gas chromatography and ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography both coupled to time-of-flight mass spectrometry. A total of 146 metabolites, including flavones, flavonols, isoflavonoids, fatty acids, steroids, mono-, sesqui-, di-, and triterpenoids, were tentatively identified in soy by-products and soybeans. These proved to be sources of a wide range of bioactive metabolites, thus suggesting that they could be valorized while reducing potential environmental damage in line with a circular economy model., The authors would like to thank the São Paulo Research Foundation-FAPESP (2020/09500–0, 2018/21128–9, 2018/01786–1, 2017/06216–6, and 2014/50926–0) and the Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - Brasil - CAPES (Finance Code 001). G.A.R. would like to acknowledge the Ministry of Science and Innovation (MICINN, Spain) for a “Juan de la Cierva-Incorporación” postdoctoral grant IJC2019–041482-I.

10 páginas.- 5 figuras.- 2 tablas.- 50 referencias.- The Supporting Information is available free of charge at https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acssuschemeng.2c01274, Innovative schemes for lignocellulosic biomass refining could optimize the chemical use and biomass conversion efficiency, providing diversified biorefinery products. A new biorefinery scheme used mild alkaline-sulfite chemithermomechanical processing to pretreat sugarcane bagasse, producing highly digestible solids and diluted lignosulfonates in the black pretreatment liquor. Most of the glucan and xylan contained in the pretreated solids were converted into monosaccharides by saccharification with commercial enzymes. The undigested biomass solids remaining from the saccharification process were recycled with the existing alkaline-sulfite black pretreatment liquor. The optimized reaction conditions (159 degrees C and 13% NaOH amendment in the liquor) enhanced the lignosulfonate concentration from 7.1 +/- 0.3 to 33.5 +/- 0.7 g/L. Mass balance for the process indicates that most of the original sugarcane bagasse lignin were split into lignosulfonates contained in the resulfonation liquor (57.3%) and in the enzymatic hydrolysate (16.2%). 2D-NMR analysis of a lignosulfonate fraction recovered by ultrafiltration confirmed that approximately 9-10% of all beta-O-4' alkyl-aryl ether substructures were alpha-sulfonated. The combined chemical characteristics of the prepared lignosulfonate suggested its suitability for use in several lignosulfonate applications., This work was supported by FAPESP (grant number 2019/25867-3), CNPq (grant number 308570/2017-0), and Coordenacao de Aperfeicoamento de Pessoal de Nivel Superior-Brasil (CAPES)-Finance Code 001. J.R. and J.C.d.R. were funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033, by "ERDF A way of making Europe" (project PID2020-118968RB-I00), and by the Regional Andalusian Government, Consejeria de Transformacion Economica, Industria, Conocimiento y Universidades/FEDER (project P20-00017).

ResumoO presente artigo objetiva analisar a relevância e influência dos movimentos sociais, a nível nacional e internacional, na consolidação do modelo social, que opera uma ruptura na definição tipicamente moderna de deficiência. Para tanto, enfatizou-se o processo de transição do modelo médico de integração ao modelo social de inclusão no Brasil. Desenvolvida através do método dedutivo e procedimento bibliográfico, a pesquisa permitiu concluir que a participação social das pessoas com deficiência na Constituinte, bem como na elaboração da Convenção da ONU sobre Direitos das Pessoas com Deficiência, contribuiu de maneira expressiva para os progressos no tratamento inclusivo dessas pessoas, sobretudo pela abertura da Constituição Federal de 1988 ao pluralismo e pela positivação do paradigma social na Convenção, internalizada no ordenamento jurídico pátrio com status constitucional. Entretanto, faz-se a ressalva de que a inclusão plena ainda não é uma realidade, e que sua concretização requer o empreendimento de esforços mútuos entre a Sociedade e o Estado.Palavras-chave: Modelo médico e social. Direitos humanos e fundamentais. Movimentos sociais. Pessoas com deficiência. Abertura constitucional. AbstractThe objective of this article is to analyze the relevance and influence of social movements, at national and international levels, in the consolidation of the social model, which operates a break in the typically modern definition of disability. For this, the transition process from the medical model of integration to the social model of inclusion in Brazil was emphasized. Developed through the deductive method and bibliographic procedure, the research allowed the conclusion that the social participation of people with disabilities in the Constituent, as well as in the elaboration of the UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, contributed in an expressive way to the progress in the inclusive treatment of these people, especially by the opening of the Federal Constitution of 1988 to pluralism and by the positivation of the social paradigm in the Convention, internalized in the country's legal system with constitutional status. However, it is noted that full inclusion is not yet a reality, and that its implementation requires the undertaking of mutual efforts between society and the State.Keywords: Medical and social model. Human and fundamental rights. Social movements. People with disabilities. Constitutional pluralism.

Objetivo: O objetivo deste artigo é apresentar diretrizes interdisciplinares de pesquisa futura sobre soft power , analisando seu entrelaçamento com indústrias criativas e place branding .Metodologia: É realizada uma revisão sistemática da literatura utilizando a base de dados Methodi Ordinatio in Scopus. Os artigos são classificados de acordo com sua relevância e revisados por meio de técnicas de análise de conteúdo e abordagem oblíqua.Principais resultados: Embora vários autores não façam uso do termo soft power em si, a maioria deles faz alusão obliquamente ao seu conceito, de onde tiramos inferências para pesquisas futuras.Contribuições: Por meio do Methodi Ordinatio , identificamos os artigos mais relevantes sobre o objeto de estudo. Analisando-os, nossa principal contribuição é um conjunto de diretrizes para futuras pesquisas sobre soft power em seis áreas: psicossociologia, mobilidade laboral, planejamento urbano, diplomacia artística, gastrodiplomacia e indicações geográficas.Relevância e originalidade: até onde sabemos, o triângulo das indústrias criativas , place branding e soft power foi estudado apenas de forma muito limitada, e este parece ser o primeiro artigo a vinculá-lo às áreas mencionadas.Implicações gerenciais e sociais: esse triângulo não apenas contém desafios teóricos inexplorados, mas também apresenta áreas pouco exploradas por profissionais e formuladores de políticas, provocando insights para o planejamento da imagem de cidades, regiões e países. Não obstante a necessidade de mais estudos, as áreas que envolvem artes e gastronomia parecem ser iniciativas viáveis a curto prazo, enquanto as demais podem ser mais demoradas e custosas. Objetivo: O objetivo deste artigo é apresentar diretrizes interdisciplinares para pesquisas futuras sobre soft power, analisando seu entrelaçamento com indústrias criativas e place branding.Metodologia: Trata-se de uma revisão sistemática da literatura utilizando o Methodi Ordinatio na base de dados Scopus. Os artigos são classificados de acordo com sua relevância e revisados por meio de técnicas de análise de conteúdo e abordagem oblíqua.Principais resultados: Embora vários autores não façam uso do termo soft power em si, a maioria deles faz alusões oblíquas ao seu conceito, de onde tiramos inferências para pesquisas futuras.Contribuições: Por meio do Methodi Ordinatio, identificamos os artigos mais relevantes sobre o objeto de estudo. Analisando-os, nossa principal contribuição é um conjunto de diretrizes para futuras pesquisas sobre soft power em seis áreas: Psicossociologia, Mobilidade Laboral, Planejamento Urbano, Diplomacia Artística, Gastrodiplomacia e Indicações Geográficas.Relevância e originalidade: até onde sabemos, o triângulo das indústrias criativas, place branding e soft power foi estudado apenas de forma delimitada, e este parece ser o primeiro artigo a vinculá-lo às áreas mencionadas.Implicações gerenciais e sociais: Este triângulo não apenas contém desafios teóricos inexplorados, mas também apresenta áreas pouco observadas por profissionais e formuladores de políticas, o que pode provocar mais clareza para o planejamento da imagem de cidades, regiões e países. Não obstante a necessidade de mais estudos, as áreas que envolvem artes e gastronomia parecem ser iniciativas viáveis a curto prazo, enquanto as demais podem ser mais demoradas e custosas.

Purpose: This research aims to analyze the knowledge structure related to the image of the cities as a tool for urban governance in Mercosur context.Method: A research synthesis was applied to analyze and discuss (1) theoretical contributions, (2) urban image ontology and deontology, and (3) the challenges of urban image as a tool for urban governance in Mercosur context.Originality/Relevance: We synthesized the theoretical contributions, the understanding of urban image ontology and deontology, and the urban image challenges in urban branding and city branding as a tool for urban governance in Mercosur context.Results: Findings on urban image in Mercosur context reveal that: (1) regional research is aligned with seminal one, stating that socioeconomic inclusion, sustainability, smartness, stakeholder convergence and satisfaction, and city attractiveness are essential parts of urban image as an urban governance tool for sustainable urban development; (2) urban image has been considered a tool for promoting the urban development, management, and governance, which has varied understandings for diverse urban stakeholders; and (3) the main regional challenges.Theoretical / Methodological Contributions: We endorse seminal research arguments on the role of urban image in urban governance through research synthesis on urban image in Mercosur context, considering regional challenges and perspectives.Social / Managerial Contributions: Regional and local communities have their needs met, and bottom-up approach, sustainable development, and democracy are encouraged in urban governance. Objetivo: Analisar a estrutura intelectual relacionada à imagem das cidades como uma ferramenta para governança urbana no contexto do Mercosul.Método: Utilizou-se uma síntese de pesquisa para analisar e discutir (1) contribuições teóricas, (2) deontologia e ontologia da imagem urbana, e (3) os desafios da imagem urbana como ferramenta para a governança urbana no contexto do Mercosul.Originalidade / Relevância: Sintetizamos as contribuições teóricas, o entendimento deontológico e ontológico da imagem urbana e os desafios da imagem urbana sob a marca de cidades e marca urbana como uma ferramenta para a governança no contexto do Mercosul.Resultados: A síntese sobre a imagem urbana no contexto do Mercosul revela que: (1) a pesquisa regional está alinhada com a seminal ao convergirem que inclusão socioeconômica, sustentabilidade, inteligência urbana, convergência e satisfação entre stakeholders, e sustentabilidade são partes essenciais da imagem urbana de uma governança urbana que promove o desenvolvimento urbano sustentável; (2) a imagem urbana é uma ferramenta que promove o desenvolvimento, a gestão e a governança urbana, a qual possui distintas interpretações e anseios por diferentes stakeholders urbanos; e (3) discute-se sobre os principais desafios regionais.Contribuições Teóricas / Metodológicas: Reforçamos os argumentos das pesquisas seminais sobre o papel da imagem urbana na governança urbana por meio de uma síntese de pesquisa sobre a imagem urbana no contexto do Mercosul, considerando as perspectivas e os desafios regionais.Contribuições Sociais / Gerenciais: Comunidades locais e regionais têm suas necessidades atendidas, uma governança urbana, desenvolvimento sustentável e democracia são encorajados na governança urbana.

Tackling microbial resistance requires continuous efforts for the development of new molecules with novel mechanisms of action and potent antimicrobial activity. Our group has previously identified metal-based compounds, [Ag(1,10-phenanthroline-5,6-dione)2]ClO4 (Ag-phendione) and [Cu(1,10-phenanthroline-5,6-dione)3](ClO4)2.4H2O (Cu-phendione), with efficient antimicrobial action against multidrug-resistant species. Herein, we investigated the ability of Ag-phendione and Cu-phendione to bind with double-stranded DNA using a combination of in silico and in vitro approaches. Molecular docking revealed that both phendione derivatives can interact with the DNA by hydrogen bonding, hydrophobic and electrostatic interactions. Cu-phendione exhibited the highest binding affinity to either major (− 7.9 kcal/mol) or minor (− 7.2 kcal/mol) DNA grooves. In vitro competitive quenching assays involving duplex DNA with Hoechst 33258 or ethidium bromide demonstrated that Ag-phendione and Cu-phendione preferentially bind DNA in the minor grooves. The competitive ethidium bromide displacement technique revealed Cu-phendione has a higher binding affinity to DNA (Kapp = 2.55 × 106 M−1) than Ag-phendione (Kapp = 2.79 × 105 M−1) and phendione (Kapp = 1.33 × 105 M−1). Cu-phendione induced topoisomerase I-mediated DNA relaxation of supercoiled plasmid DNA. Moreover, Cu-phendione was able to induce oxidative DNA injuries with the addition of free radical scavengers inhibiting DNA damage. Ag-phendione and Cu-phendione avidly displaced propidium iodide bound to DNA in permeabilized Pseudomonas aeruginosa cells in a dose-dependent manner as judged by flow cytometry. The treatment of P. aeruginosa with bactericidal concentrations of Cu-phendione (15 µM) induced DNA fragmentation as visualized by either agarose gel or TUNEL assays. Altogether, these results highlight a possible novel DNA-targeted mechanism by which phendione-containing complexes, in part, elicit toxicity toward the multidrug-resistant pathogen P. aeruginosa. Graphical abstract

Verónica Gago desenvolve a potência feminista como teoria alternativa de poder. A partir das múltiplas opressões que recaem sobre as mulheres, a autora teoriza o desejo de transformar tudo. Propomos revisitar as discussões da Tribuna da Primeira Conferência Mundial da Mulher, 1975, a partir da potência feminista. Em meio à Guerra Fria, milhares de mulheres - do sul e do norte globais, de países socialistas e capitalistas - se reuniram pela primeira vez para discutir seu papel na sociedade. As mulheres se reuniram na Tribuna e tornaram-se visíveis; em assembleia, discutiram as opressões a que eram submetidas. As discussões foram numerosas, as diferenças se multiplicaram e as unanimidades foram escassas, mas é possível encontrar na Tribuna um embrião da potência feminista como capacidade desejante que segue impulsionando a luta histórica pela igualdade. Por meio da análise de documentos históricos e de relatos das participantes, concluímos ser evidente o desejo das participantes de mudar as estruturas de poder e deslocar os limites a que foram submetidas, mesmo em sua heterogeneidade. Revisitando a literatura de difusão internacional, concluímos, ainda, que a Tribuna deixou valiosas contribuições, difundidas e traduzidas de forma transnacional, e que ainda hoje orientam os movimentos feministas., Verónica Gago theorizes la potencia feminista as an alternative theory of power. Departing from the multiple forms of oppression that subjugate women, the author theorizes the desire to change everything. We propose to revisit the discussions held at the Tribune of the World Conference of the International Women’s Year, 1975, through la potencia feminista. Amidst the Cold War, thousands of women - from the global south and north, from socialist and capitalist countries - gathered for the first time to discuss their role in society. These women gathered at the Tribune and made themselves visible; in assembly, they discussed the multiple forms of oppression to which they were subjected. Discussions abounded, differences multiplied, and unanimities were scarce. Yet, we found at the Tribune an embryo of la potencia feminista as the desiring capacity which still spurs the historical fight for equality. Departing from historical documents and direct reports from those who attended the event, we conclude that it is evident the desire of those women to change power structures and to displace the limits to which they were subjected to, even among their own heterogeneity. Relying on the international diffusion literature, we also conclude that the Tribune left valuable contributions that were transnationally spread and translated, which still nowadays orient feminist movements.

The black race in Brazil is historically marked by discrimination, devaluation and disrespect. Moreover, this reality is reinforced by cultural media products that define the stereotypes that depreciate black people and their place in society. In literature, meanwhile some authors try to give voice to these subjects, others reinforce and reverberate prejudices. In order to understand the possibility of using literature to promote discussions about sensible topics, especially in the field of Organizational Studies, this paper sought to answer the following question: how does the book O Presidente Negro (1926) by Monteiro Lobato (1882-1948) contribute to the construction of racist socio-discursive and interdiscursive imaginaries that still exist nowadays in organizations? For that, we adopted the Discourse Analysis, particularly the theoretical-methodological framework of the French linguists Charaudeau and Maingueneau, alongside with the Semiolinguistics concepts of the Social Imaginary and Interdiscourse, respectively. As presented in the analysis, the imaginaries and interdiscourses are representations that permeate the collective memory and end up showing a structural problem. Furthermore, it was possible to observe that the book is marked by other discourses such as the Enlightenment philosophy, racist theories and the Social Darwinism that reinforce the idea of prejudiced positions regarding race. A raça negra no Brasil é historicamente marcada pela discriminação, desvalorização e desrespeito. Tal realidade é reforçada por produtos culturais midiáticos que definem os estereótipos que depreciam o negro e o seu lugar na sociedade. Na literatura, é possível perceber que se por um lado existem autores que tentam dar voz a esses sujeitos, por outro reforçam e reverberam preconceitos. Compreendendo a possibilidade da utilização da literatura para se promover discussões de temas sensíveis, em especial no campo dos Estudos Organizacionais, o objetivo deste artigo é compreender como a obra de Monteiro Lobato, O Presidente Negro, contribui para a construção de imaginários sociodiscursivos e interdiscursivos racistas, que ainda hoje reverberam dentro das organizações. Para tanto, recorremos à Análise do Discurso, particularmente ao arcabouço teórico-metodológico dos linguistas franceses Charaudeau e Maingueneau, com os conceitos da Semiolinguística de Imaginários Sociais e de Interdiscurso, respectivamente. Conforme apresentado na análise, os imaginários e interdiscursos aqui analisados se apresentam como representações que permeiam a memória coletiva e acabam por evidenciar uma problemática estrutural. Além disso, foi possível observar que a obra é marcada por outros discursos como a filosofia iluminista, teorias racistas e teoria do darwinismo social que reforçam a ideia dos posicionamentos preconceituosos com relação à raça.

Tree diversity and composition in Amazonia are known to be strongly determined by the water supplied by precipitation. Nevertheless, within the same climatic regime, water availability is modulated by local topography and soil characteristics (hereafter referred to as local hydrological conditions), varying from saturated and poorly drained to well-drained and potentially dry areas. While these conditions may be expected to influence species distribution, the impacts of local hydrological conditions on tree diversity and composition remain poorly understood at the whole Amazon basin scale. Using a dataset of 443 1-ha non-flooded forest plots distributed across the basin, we investigate how local hydrological conditions influence 1) tree alpha diversity, 2) the community-weighted wood density mean (CWM-wd) – a proxy for hydraulic resistance and 3) tree species composition. We find that the effect of local hydrological conditions on tree diversity depends on climate, being more evident in wetter forests, where diversity increases towards locations with well-drained soils. CWM-wd increased towards better drained soils in Southern and Western Amazonia. Tree species composition changed along local soil hydrological gradients in Central-Eastern, Western and Southern Amazonia, and those changes were correlated with changes in the mean wood density of plots. Our results suggest that local hydrological gradients filter species, influencing the diversity and composition of Amazonian forests. Overall, this study shows that the effect of local hydrological conditions is pervasive, extending over wide Amazonian regions, and reinforces the importance of accounting for local topography and hydrology to better understand the likely response and resilience of forests to increased frequency of extreme climate events and rising temperatures., This work was part of the MSc thesis of the first author developed at the Graduate Program in Ecology of the National Institute of Amazonian Research (INPA). This study was financed in part by the Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior – Brasil (CAPES) – Finance Code 001. Gabriel M. Moulatlet acknowledges the postdoctoral grant from the Project SEP-CONACYT CB-2017–2018 (grant no. A1-S34563)

Neste artigo, objetivamos verificar em que medida as habilidades da BNCC (Ensino Fundamental), componente curricular Língua Portuguesa, contemplam objetos de conhecimentos e contextos de aprendizagem que focalizam uma perspectiva de gêneros textuais/discursivos conforme indica a fundamentação pedagógica do documento. Para tanto, analisamos uma amostragem de 19 habilidades do campo de atuação jornalístico-midiático, à luz do sistema de transitividade (HALLIDAY; MATTHIESSEN, 2014), com vistas a identificar a natureza dos processos cognitivos requeridos, a natureza dos participantes (objetos de conhecimento) e as circunstâncias (contexto da aprendizagem). Os resultados sinalizam que, de forma geral, as habilidades contemplam prioritariamente processos mentais, os quais demandam esforço cognitivo do aluno e requerem o domínio de objetos de conhecimento que contemplam, em alguma medida, os níveis linguístico e extralinguístico. Ademais, verificamos que as circunstâncias selecionadas evidenciam o contexto de aprendizagem e focalizam o texto/gênero em grande parte das habilidades, associando os conteúdos a contextos significativos.

JMP and FJC were supported by European Regional Development Fund-cofinanced grants from the Ministry of Science and Innovation (PID2019-103924GB-I00) and Junta de Andalucía (P18-FR-1359), Spain. LF was supported by São Paulo Research Foundation (2018/16389-8, 2016/04924-0, 2017/17935-3, 2016/01128-9), Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (422287/2018-0, 305012/2018-5, 303332/2019-0,300986/2018-1), and Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior, Brazil.

Theoretical works addressing electronic nano-devices operating in an aqueous environment often neglect solvent effects. In order to assess the role played by the polarization effects on the electronic transport properties of solvated graphene, for example in possible bio-sensing applications, we have used here a combination of polarizable force-field molecular dynamics, hybrid quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics (QM/MM) approach, density functional theory, and non-equilibrium Green's function method. We considered different solvation conditions, the presence of defects in graphene, as well as various choices for the partitions between the quantum and classical regions in QM/MM, in which we explicitly account for polarization effects. Our results show that the polarization effects on graphene lead to changes in the structure of interfacial water molecules which are more pronounced in the vicinity of defects. The presence of water leads to increased scattering due to the long-range charge interactions with graphene. At the same time, changes in the conductance due to polarization or salt concentration are found to be small, paving the way for robust electronic nano-devices operating in aqueous environments., R. H. S. acknowledges financial support from the Swedish Research Council – Vetenskapsrådet (VR grant 2017-04627). A. R. R. acknowledges support from ICTP-SAIFR (FAPESP projects 2016/01343-7 and 2017/00237-1) and the ICTP-Simons Foundation Associate Scheme. This study was financed in part by the Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior – Brasil (CAPES) – Finance Code 001.

6 pags., 5 figs., 1 tab. -- This work is dedicated to Prof. Rafael Notario (IQFR-CSIC)., The gas phase acidities (GA) of 5,5-alkylbarbituric acids have been experimentally determined by electrospray ionization-triple quadrupole (ESI-TQ) mass spectrometry and by using the extended kinetic Cooks method (EKCM). The GAs of C-H (1330.9 ± 10.0 kJ mol-1) and N-H (1361.5 ± 10.5 kJ mol-1) deprotonated sites of bifunctional barbituric acid were determined from the selective production of their corresponding heterodimers. The GA value in the N-H site was confirmed by measuring the GAs of 5,5-dimethyl- and 5,5-diethyl barbituric acids (∼1368 kJ mol-1). The experimental results have been rationalized and discussed with the support of quantum chemical calculations with Gaussian-n (G3 and G4) composite methods, which confirmed the excellent consistency of the results., A.F.L. acknowledges the support from the Brazilian funding agencies CNPq, FAPESP, and CAPES. J.M.O.-E. acknowledges support from the Spanish MICINN, Grant Number CTQ2018-094644-B-C22.

The analysis of innovation contests and/or awards represents a promotion to the production of this topic in public administration. This research aimed at mapping the main antecedent innovation dimensions which are present in the initiatives awarded by the Innovation Contest in Public Administration. This is a qualitative and descriptive work based on documental research whose data characterization/classification was done according to the model by De Vries, Beckkers and Tummers (2016). A theme analysis was used with the support of the QSR NVivo® software. The results pointed that, from 2008 to 2016, innovation in the initiatives awarded happened predominantly in the federal domain and it is the process-type. The main dimensions that contributed to innovation in the public administration were: Social Participation (Environmental antecedent); Client/beneficiary and market knowledge, Strategic information management/Standardization of data and processes, Strategic planning and Transforming leadership/Managers’ pro-innovation attitudes (Organizational antecedents); Strategic intention to innovate and Project management (Innovation Characteristics antecedents); and Commitment (Individual antecedents). The managerial contribution of this research lies on the identification of the main antecedent dimensions, such as the good practices that contribute to innovation in the public administration, since they can control plans, programs and innovation policies, especially on subnational levels. The dimensions that were mapped could also favor the development of an innovation culture that has society satisfaction with public services as a result.

O presente artigo busca descrever e analisar a obra “Razão Prática e Normas” de Joseph Raz - um expoente contemporâneo do positivismo excludente - tendo por objetivo realizar uma investigação voltada a apontar e discutir determinados aspectos, eleitos como principais, de sua teoria do direito. O método empregado consiste na pesquisa bibliográfica dos escritos de Raz, assim como da literatura relevante às matérias tratadas. Pretende-se com este estudo traçar as linhas centrais do raciocínio estruturante dessa teoria, a fim de se estabelecer um panorama geral da mesma, evidenciando os argumentos que sustentam e justificam a existência do positivismo jurídico exclusivo, marcado pela dissociação entre direito e moral. Joseph Raz, mostrar-se-á, por meio de sua análise do exercício das razões no campo prático, firma o direito enquanto ciência e fenômeno social explicável e justificável.

The use of microwave-assisted synthesis (in water) of α-Fe2O3 nanomaterials followed by their transformation onto iron oxide Fe3O4-γ-Fe2O3 hollow nanoparticles encoding well-defined sizes and shapes [nanorings (NRs) and nanotubes (NTs)] is henceforth described. The impact of experimental variables such as concentration of reactants, volume of solvent employed, and reaction times/temperatures during the shape-controlled synthesis revealed that the key factor that gated generation of morphologically diverse nanoparticles was associated to the initial concentration of phosphate anions employed in the reactant mixture. All the nanomaterials presented were fully characterized by powder X-ray diffraction, field emission scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared, Mössbauer spectroscopy, and superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID). The hollow nanoparticles that expressed the most promising magnetic responses, NTs and NRs, were further tested in terms of efficiencies in controlling the magnetic hyperthermia, in view of their possible use for biomedical applications, supported by their excellent viability as screened by in vitro cytotoxicity tests. These systems NTs and NRs expressed very good magneto-hyperthermia properties, results that were further validated by micromagnetic simulations. The observed specific absorption rate (SAR) and intrinsic loss power of the NRs and NTs peaked the values of 340 W/g and 2.45 nH m2 kg–1 (NRs) and 465 W/g and 3.3 nH m2 kg–1 (NTs), respectively, at the maximum clinical field 450 Oe and under a frequency of 107 kHz and are the highest values among those reported so far in the hollow iron-oxide family. The higher SAR in NTs accounts the importance of magnetic shape anisotropy, which is well-predicted by the modified dynamic hysteresis (β-MDH) theoretical model., G.N. is thankful to Brazilian funding agency CAPES and PPGF-UFMA for providing doctorate fellowship and other financial support to visit UnB, Brasilia, UFG, Goiania, and CBPF, Rio de Janerio to perform the experiment, respectively. S.K.S. is very thankful to FAPEMA for the financial support. J.A.H.C. thanks to CNPq and FAPDF for the financial support. G.Z. thanks the support of the project “Development of preapplied research in nanotechnology and biotechnology” (no. CZ.02.1.01/0.0/0.0/17_048/0007323).

International audience; The current agricultural scenario faces a range of challenges, with phytosanitary ones being paramount. In most cases, plant diseases are treated with chemicals; however, they cause environmental pollution and face the acquired resistance of pathogens. Alternatively, biochar is a valuable tool for inducing the systemic resistance of plants since it is an effective and widely used resource to improve the physical, chemical, and biological attributes of the soil, consequently providing an adequate environment for healthy plant development. The effectiveness of the application of biochar in the control of plant diseases has been attributed to its alkaline pH, which contributes to the growth of beneficial microorganisms and increases the availability of nutrients, and to its porous structure, which provides a habitat and protection for the development of the soil microbiome. Therefore, the combined effect of improvements to soil attributes through biochar creates its role in controlling pathogens. This review assesses the beneficial and potential effects of biochar in agricultural soils, as well as showing the positive effects of biochar in the management of soil pathogens. Besides, we deeply evaluate twenty papers that used biochar as a strategy to manage plant diseases caused by pathogens inhabiting the soil in different soil-pathogen-plant systems. Among these studies, 70 % validate biochar as a strategy for the management of plant diseases; 10 % of studies showed that the efficiency of biochar as a disease management tool depends on the type of feedstock, and 20 % of studies describes that the biochar is not a management tool for suppressive diseases, caused by Pythium ultimum and Rhizoctonia solani in some host plants. The biochar is a strategy to manage plant diseases caused by pathogens inhabiting the soil, due different mechanisms as fungitoxic effect of biochar, sorption of allelopathic and phytotoxic compounds that can harm the plant, induction of plant resistance, increase of activities and abundance of beneficial microorganism’s, changes in soil quality as nutrient availability and abiotic conditions.

RESUMO Objetivo: rastrear o consumo de drogas por gestantes em pré-natal de baixo risco, usuárias da atenção básica de saúde. Método: estudo transversal, desenvolvido em 2016, 2018 e 2020, em município do Paraná - Brasil. Rastreou-se o consumo de drogas de abuso com uso do ASSIST 3.1. Utilizou-se estatística descritiva, não paramétrica e coeficiente de correlação de Spearman. Resultados: entrevistou-se 588 gestantes. Verificou-se uso atual de álcool, tabaco, maconha e cocaína durante a gestação e aumento progressivo no consumo destas substâncias, constatou-se correlações significativas entre o risco relacionado ao consumo das drogas de abuso entre si, nível de escolaridade, renda familiar, cor e religião. Conclusão: o consumo atual de uma das drogas foi correlacionado com as demais, revelando um perfil de usuárias com poliuso de substâncias, jovens, primigestas, casadas, sem residência própria, nível educacional médio, renda familiar de até dois salários mínimo, de cor preta e/ou parda, e católicas. ABSTRACT Objective: to screen drug consumption by pregnant women undergoing low-risk prenatal care and who use Primary Health Care services. Method: a cross-sectional study developed in 2016, 2018 and 2020 in a municipality from Paraná, Brazil. Consumption of drugs of abuse was screened using ASSIST 3.1. Descriptive and non-parametric statistics was used, as well as Spearman’s correlation coefficient. Results: a total of 588 pregnant women were interviewed. Current use of alcohol, tobacco, marijuana and cocaine during pregnancy was verified, as well as a progressive increase in the consumption of these substances; significant correlations were found between the risk related to the consumption of drugs of abuse between them, schooling level, family income, skin color and religion. Conclusion: current consumption of one of the drugs was correlated with the others, revealing a profile of women with substance polyuse, young, primiparous, married, without their own house, medium schooling level, family income of up to two minimum wages, black- and/or brown-skinned, and catholic. RESUMEN Objetivo: detectar el consumo de drogas en mujeres embarazadas que cursan atención prenatal de bajo riesgo y utilizan los servicios de Atención Primaria de la Salud. Método: estudio transversal desarrollado en los años 2016, 2018 y 2020 en un municipio de Paraná, Brasil. El consumo de drogas se detectó empleando ASSIST 3.1. Se utilizó estadística descriptiva y no paramétrica, además del coeficiente de Spearman. Resultados: se entrevistó a 588 mujeres embarazadas. Se verificó consumo actual de alcohol, tabaco, marihuana y cocaína durante el embarazo y un aumento progresivo en el uso de estas sustancias; se encontraron correlaciones significativas entre el riesgo relacionado con el consumo de drogas de abuso entre sí, nivel de estudios, ingreso familiar, color de piel y religión. Conclusión: se correlacionó el consumo actual de una de las drogas con las demás, revelando un perfil de usuarias con consumo de sustancias múltiples, jóvenes, primíparas, casadas, sin residencia propia, nivel de estudios medio, ingreso familiar de hasta dos salarios mínimos, de raza negra y/o morena, y católicas.

The heat produced by magnetic nanoparticles, when they are submitted to a time-varying magnetic field, has been used in many auspicious biotechnological applications. In the search for better performance in terms of the specific power absorption (SPA) index, researchers have studied the influence of the chemical composition, size and dispersion, shape, and exchange stiffness in morphochemical structures. Monodisperse assemblies of magnetic nanoparticles have been produced using elaborate synthetic procedures, where the product is generally dispersed in organic solvents. However, the colloidal stability of these rough dispersions has not received much attention in these studies, hampering experimental determination of the SPA. To investigate the influence of colloidal stability on the heating response of ferrofluids, we produced bimagnetic core@shell NPs chemically composed of a ZnMn mixed ferrite core covered by a maghemite shell. Aqueous ferrofluids were prepared with these samples using the electric double layer (EDL) as a strategy to maintain colloidal stability. By starting from a proper sample, ultrastable concentrated ferrofluids were achieved by both tuning the ion/counterion ratio and controlling the water content. As the colloidal stability mainly depends on the ion configuration on the surface of the magnetic nanoparticles, different levels of nanoparticle clustering are achieved by changing the ionic force and pH of the medium. Thus, the samples were submitted to two procedures of EDL destabilization, which involved dilution with an alkaline solution and a neutral pH viscous medium. The SPA results of all prepared ferrofluid samples show a reduction of up to half the efficiency of the standard sample when the ferrofluids are in a neutral pH or concentrated regime. Such results are explained in terms of magnetic dipolar interactions. Our results point to the importance of ferrofluid colloidal stability in a more reliable experimental determination of the NP heat generation performance., Authors gratefully acknowledge the financial support of the Brazilian agencies CAPES, CNPq (grants 465259/2014-6, 202340/2015-5, 400849/2016-0, 305796/2016-0, and 422740/2018-7), INCT-FCx (grant 2014/50983-3), and FAP-DF (grants 0193.001569/2017, 0193.001376/2016, and 0193.000.919/2016).

Goal: Identifying the determining factors of concern with the environment in the purchasing decisions from the users’ perspective in the digital social media network.Method: The research sample consisted of 288 individuals. The questionnaire was the data collection tool with 26 questions. The analysis method was the mean descriptive analysis and construct variable standard deviation, and the exploratory factor analysis, both developed by the SPSS software, version 12.Originality/Relevance: In order for the companies to meet the consumers’ expectations, from sustainable companies engaged with social and environmental causes, and thus create competitive advantages, it is of fundamental importance that they know which environmental factors the consumers take into account in order to define their purchases.Results: The research results pointed to the existence of 4 determining factors concerning the environment in the research individuals’ purchase decisions, enabling a better understanding of sustainable consumption behavior.Theoretical/methodological contributions: The results of the study contribute to the formation of a more solid theoretical approach to analyze and understand the determinants of the concern with the environment in purchasing decisions.Social/practical contributions to management: The aim is to provide companies with a better outline of the determining factors of concern with the environment in purchasing decisions, which in possession of such information, will be able to develop more assertive strategies in meeting the demands of this public, boosting their sales, as well as contributing to the solidification of sustainable development. Objetivo: Identificar os fatores determinantes da preocupação com o meio ambiente nas decisões de compra na perspectiva dos usuários das redes sociais digitais.Método: A amostra da pesquisa foi composta por 288 indivíduos. O instrumento de coleta de dados foi o questionário, contendo 26 questões. O método de análise foi a análise descritiva de médias e desvio padrão das variáveis do construto, e a análise fatorial exploratória, ambas desenvolvidas no software SPSS 12.Originalidade/Relevância: Para que as empresas possam corresponder às expectativas dos consumidores, de empresas sustentáveis e engajadas com causas sociais e ambientais, e assim gerar vantagens competitivas, se torna fundamental perceber os fatores do meio ambiente que são levados em consideração pelo consumidor para definir suas compras.Resultados: Os resultados da pesquisa indicaram a existência de 4 fatores determinantes da preocupação com o meio ambiente nas decisões de compra dos indivíduos da pesquisa, possibilitando uma melhor compreensão do comportamento de consumo sustentável.Contribuições teóricas/metodológicas: Os resultados do estudo contribuem para a formação de uma abordagem teórica mais sólida para se analisar e entender os fatores determinantes da preocupação com o meio ambiente nas decisões de compra.Contribuições sociais/práticas para a gestão: Almeja-se proporcionar às empresas um melhor delineamento dos fatores determinantes da preocupação com o meio ambiente nas decisões de compra, que em posse de tais informações, poderão desenvolver estratégias mais assertivas no atendimento das demandas desse público, potencializando suas vendas, bem como contribuindo para a consolidação do desenvolvimento sustentável.

DOI: 10.1590/2179-8966/2020/50293 RESENHA Imperialismo, Estado e Relacoes Internacionais OSORIO, Luiz Felipe. Imperialismo, Estado e Relacoes Internacionais. Sao Paulo: Editora Ideias & Letras, 2018, 288p. Samuel Spellmann 1 1 Pontificia Universidade Catolica de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brasil. Universidade Estadual da Paraiba, Campina Grande, Paraiba. Brasil. E-mail: samuelspellmann@outlook.com. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0898-779X.

This work aimed to predict C18:1 TFA isomers as well as other groups of fatty acids (saturated, monounsaturated, polyunsaturated, and total TFA) in chocolates by ATR-FTIR and partial least square regression. The quantification of fatty acids in representative samples (white, dark, and milk chocolates) was rapid (, This study was financed in part by the Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior—Brasil (CAPES)—Finance Code 001 and PDSE 88881187078/2018-01; Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (AGL2016-75159-C2-2-R); CNPq (303355/2017-4, 424032/2018-0); Finep (CT-INFRA 01/2013-REF 0633/13); RQ-MG (CEX.RED- 00010-14); and INCTBio (FAPESP 2014/50867-3, CNPq 465389/2014-7).

[Aim]: Studying species richness patterns by considering all species as equivalent units may prevent a deeper understanding of the origin and maintenance of biodiversity. Here, we deconstructed the species richness of Neotropical lianas by specific attributes of species to study richness–environment relationships., [Location]: Neotropics., [Taxon]: Tribe Bignonieae (Bignoniaceae), the largest clade of Neotropical lianas. Methods: We used five morphological, one geographical and two evolutionary attributes of species, each with 2–7 attribute states. We compared the environmental response of species richness of each attribute state to the response of overall Bignonieae species richness. For those groups of species that differed in their environmental response to three-dimensional habitat structure, climate and soil we assessed: (a) the magnitude and direction of the environmental response; and (b) the variation in species richness explained by environmental variables and spatial filters using variation partitioning analysis., [Results]: We identified eight attribute states whose richness–environment relationship differed from the overall richness pattern: three morphological (species with shrubby habit, lacking tendrils and with seeds bearing ellipsoid wings), three geographical (species with small, small-to-medium and medium-to-large range sizes) and two evolutionary (species of the genera Amphilophium and Cuspidaria) attribute states. Areas with high species richness of these eight attribute states did not overlap with the centres of Neotropical diversity in the tribe Bignonieae. A high fraction of the variation in species richness of these eight attribute states was accounted for by spatial filters or remained unexplained., [Main conclusions]: The richness deconstruction approach revealed that richness–environment relationships of species with specific attribute states differ from the overall species richness pattern. These morphological, geographical and evolutionary attribute states are mostly related to the survival and persistence in savanna habitats, and show that ecological strategies and evolutionary histories need to be taken into account to fully understand richness–environment relationships., Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico, Grant/Award Number: 208414/2017-7, 301799/2016-4, 310871/2017-4, 314523/2014-6, 381391/2018-3 and 465610/2014-5; Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo, Grant/Award Number: 2012/50260-6; Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior, Grant/Award Number: finance code 001; Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Goiás, Grant/Award Number: 201810267000023; University of Amsterdam

Objetivo: Identificar perfis de orientação ao consumo de slow fashion, verificando os fatores associados aos diferentes perfis.Método: Trata-se de uma pesquisa do tipo survey com 461 consumidores de vestuário do Estado do Ceará. Utilizou-se de um questionário com questões de perfil do respondente, além de uma seção dedicada à mensuração da orientação ao consumo de slow fashion, por meio da escala de Jin e Jung (2014). Foram utilizados métodos de análise descritiva, análise fatorial exploratória (AFE), análise de cluster por k-means e análise de correspondência (ANACOR).Principais Resultados: Os resultados indicam validade da escala no contexto desta pesquisa. Verificou-se a existência de três perfis de orientação: alta orientação, orientação parcial, e averso à exclusividade. Ainda, observou-se que existe associação entre os diferentes perfis e as variáveis demográficas relacionadas à localização, renda, faixa etária, orientação sexual, escolaridade, estado civil e ocupação.Relevância/originalidade: Estudos sobre slow fashion ainda carecem de informações sobre quem são os seus potenciais consumidores e quais são os seus perfis. Este estudo visa preencher esse gap da literatura. Esta pesquisa é relevante teoricamente por estudar o slow fashion e seus potenciais consumidores no Brasil e, do ponto de vista gerencial, pelo crescente número de marcas brasileiras seguindo o conceito de slow fashion.Contribuições teóricas/metodológicas: Como contribuição teórica, estende o corpo de conhecimento sobre perfis de potenciais consumidores de slow fashion.Contribuições sociais / para a gestão (opcional): As implicações gerenciais dizem respeito ao fornecimento de informações que possam contribuir para o planejamento de mercadológico e posicionamento de marca eficiente e direcionado a esses potenciais consumidores.

O modelo de assistência à saúde em todo o mundo tem enfrentado desafios, sendo um deles a superlotação nos serviços de urgências e emergências em hospitais e seu impacto nos indicadores de saúde. No Brasil, o processo de reestruturação do sistema de atenção às urgências se deu através da introdução das Unidades de Pronto-Atendimento (UPA). Dessa forma, esse trabalho tem por objetivo avaliar o impacto das UPA 24h sobre as taxas de mortalidade nos municípios do estado do Rio Grande do Norte e na Região Metropolitana de Natal durante o período 2010-2016. Para tanto, seguindo a metodologia de Rocha e Fernandes, estimou-se um modelo de dados em painel com efeitos fixos, ao âmbito do município-ano, por local de ocorrência e causa do óbito. De acordo com os resultados obtidos no estudo, observou-se que a UPA tem um impacto negativo, porém não significativo sobre a taxa geral de mortalidade norte-rio-grandense, resultado esse que corrobora com a literatura mais recente. Ao verificar esse impacto com mais detalhes, por local de ocorrência e causa do óbito, observou-se redução significativa da taxa de mortalidade em alguns cenários, no entanto houve aumento de óbitos ocorridos em outros estabelecimentos de saúde (em que as UPA estão classificadas). Esse resultado sugere a realocação parcial dos óbitos por local de ocorrência e que, portanto, essas unidades estariam cumprindo o papel de hospitais em vez de funcionar como UPA em um sistema de atendimento integrado.

KLEINBERG, Ethan. Haunting History: for a deconstructive approach to the past. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2017. 189p.A História e o fantasma da desconstrução PALAVRAS CHAVE: Teoria da História, Fantologia, Desconstrução, História da Historiografia.La Historia y el fantasma de la deconstrucción PALABRAS-CLAVE: Teoría de la Historia, Fantología, Deconstrucción, Historia de la Historiografía.History and the ghost of deconstruction KEYWORDS: Theory of History, Hauntology, Deconstruction, History of Historiography.

Resumo: O artigo apresenta os dispositivos cênicos da performatividade transgênera em face aos percursos práticos e teóricos de ruptura anticolonial das normas do corpo. Interroga-se aqui a medida em que as desobediências de gênero são fator imprescindível na luta contra o projeto de poder colonial, destacando como o eurocentrismo e a branquitude estão amalgamados aos preceitos da cisgeneridade compulsória como política dos corpos. Trata-se aqui de duas performances: Tetagrafias e Tran(S)arau (Coimbra/Portugal, 2015 a 2017). Assim sendo, evidenciam-se os aspectos coercitivos da cisnormatividade como concepção hegemônica e colonial de corporeidade em cena e no cotidiano. Résumé: L’article présente les dispositifs scéniques de la performativité transgenre face aux voies pratiques et théoriques de la rupture anticoloniale des normes corporelles. Le texte interroge la mesure dans laquelle la désobéissance de genre est un facteur essentiel de la lutte contre le projet colonial, en soulignant comment l’eurocentrisme et la blancheur sont fusionnés avec les préceptes de la cisgénérité compulsoire en tant que corps politique. Sont analysées ici deux performances: Tetagrafias et Tran(S)arau, (Coimbra/Portugal, 2015 à 2017). Par conséquent, les aspects coercitifs de la cisnormativité sont présentés comme une conception hégémonique et coloniale de la corporalité, dans la scène et dans la vie quotidienne. Abstract: The article presents the scenic devices of transgender performativity in face of the practical and theoretical paths of anticolonial rupture of body norms. It is questioned here the extent to which gender disobedience is an essential factor in the struggle against the colonial project, highlighting how Eurocentrism and whiteness are amalgamated with the precepts of compulsory cisgenderity as body politics. Two performances are analyzed: Tetagrafias and Tran(S)arau (Coimbra/Portugal, 2015 to 2017). Therefore, the coercive aspects of cisnormativity are presented as hegemonic and colonial conception of corporeality, in scene and in daily life.

Objetivo: este trabalho teve como objetivo investigar o impacto da oscilacao do custo do frete para os produtos agropecuarios brasileiros. Metodo: trata-se de uma pesquisa descritiva de natureza quantitativa, focado na analise de cenario por meio da modelagem em equilibrio geral computavel para as cinco macrorregioes brasileiras. Principais resultados: como resultado da pesquisa indica-se: (i) a importacao e a exportacao sofreram impacto causado pela variacao do preco do frete, aumentando em todas as macrorregioes brasileiras; (ii) o aumento das importacoes e exportacoes e um indicativo no movimento dos fluxos comerciais e traz beneficios para a economia do pais, favorecendo a troca e a economia regional e (iii) as regioes com menor custo de frete, apresentam ganhos de competitividade para produtos agropecuarios. Relevância/originalidade: trabalho contribui com uma agenda de pesquisa que envolve setores importantes da economia brasileira – agropecuaria e transportes – e como estao relacionados entre si, fornecendo uma visao de como o custo de frete influencia no comercio dos produtos agropecuarios no Brasil. Contribuicoes teoricas/metodologicas: o trabalho apresenta uma abordagem diferente de metodos mais tradicionais, por ECG, criando uma alternativa para analise de como o custo de transporte impacta no comercio inter-regional.

Homosexuals are often treated as minorities or excluded, as well as other marginalized categories of society. They are subjected to social control by a large hegemonic group, which determines what is considered "normal" in society (Pereira, 2009). In this sense, this work aims to understand the stigmatization of femininity in organizations, from the perspective of the gay subjects. Nine (9) male gay subjects were interviewed, all from the state of Rio de Janeiro. The interviewed subjects are involved in different professional activities, with different levels of education. The corpus of the research was analyzed through content analysis. It has been found that the stigma of femininity can be understood from the moment that the "feminine being" is seen as inferior to man by society and organizations, through the use of words or means of behavior in order to maintain the masculine heteronormative power. Tratados muitas vTratados muitas vezes como minorias ou excluídos, os homossexuais, assim como outras categorias marginalizadas da sociedade, estão submetidos ao controle social por parte de um grande grupo hegemônico, que determina o que é tido como “normal” na sociedade (Pereira, 2009). Neste sentido, este trabalho se propõe compreender a estigmatização da feminilidade nas organizações, pela perspectiva do sujeito gay. Foram entrevistados nove (09) sujeitos gays masculinos assumidos, residentes no estado do Rio de Janeiro, inseridos em diferentes atividades profissionais e com diferentes níveis de formação. O corpus da pesquisa foi analisado por meio da análise de conteúdo. Constatou-se que o estigma da feminilidade pode ser compreendido a partir do momento em que o “ser feminino” é visto como inferior ao homem pela sociedade e pelas organizações, seja por meio das palavras ou por meio de comportamentos, com o objetivo de manter o poder heteromasculino.

Aim: Biomes can diverge substantially in plant functional traits and disturbance regimens among regions. Given that Neotropical and Afrotropical regions have contrasting histories of the megafauna (because of the Holocene megafaunal extinction in the Neotropics), we hypothesize that they should harbour plants with different traits in relationship to herbivory and fire, especially in savannas. We predicted that herbivory resistance traits should be more prominent in Afrotropical savanna plants and fire resistance in Neotropical savanna plants. Location: Tropics. Time period: Not applicable. Major taxa studied: Angiosperms (woody). Methods: We compiled data for five key plant functional traits (wood density, specific leaf area, maximum tree height, spinescence and proportion of geoxyles) for forest and savanna woody species from the two distant regions (Afrotropics and Neotropics). We related these data to climate, soil and fire variables and tested predictions for megafauna selection. Results: Spines and high wood density were more common among Afrotropical than Neotropical savanna species and species from the two forests. Moreover, the Neotropical savanna region contained more geoxyles than the Afrotropical savanna region. Finally, Afrotropical species were taller than Neotropical species. These differences were consistent with our predictions for trait selection by the megafauna, and these patterns did not change when considering climate, soil and fire regimens in the models. Main conclusions: Our results highlight the great potential of these traits for summarizing disturbance strategy axes in tropical woody species and suggest that global variation in plant traits is unlikely to be understood fully without consideration of historical factors, especially the direct and indirect impacts of megafauna., Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior. Grant Number: 88887.311538/2018‐00

No século XXI, a intermediação política tem se desenvolvido para além dos meios tradicionais de comunicação, alterando o modo como se entende e mobiliza politicamente a opinião pública. Essa realidade trouxe desafios inéditos para as democracias contemporâneas. Nesse contexto, este artigo busca mapear como Donald Trump usou as redes sociais para comunicar-se diretamente com seus eleitores. A pergunta que orienta a pesquisa é a seguinte: o Twitter de Donald Trump foi um instrumento de criação da agenda da grande imprensa durante as eleições presidenciais dos Estados Unidos de 2016? Partimos da hipótese de que o Twitter de Trump auxiliou na construção das agendas, inclusive das mídias tradicionais, durante a corrida eleitoral. Para tanto, buscamos mapear o Twitter de Trump e sua relação com as redes televisivas estadunidenses. Entendemos que esse elemento é crucial para a compreensão da vitória do Donald Trump na corrida presidencial de 2016., In the XXI century, the media has been developed beyond the traditional means of communication – television and radio –, changing the way the public opinion is politically understood and mobilized. This reality brought unprecedented challenges to the contemporary democracies. In this context, this article aims to map how Donald Trump has used social media to communicate directly with his voters. The question that guides the research is: Donald Trump’s Twitter was an instrument on the creation of the media agenda during the presidential elections of the United States of 2016? The main hypothesis is that Trump’s Twitter assisted in the agenda building, including the traditional media, during the electoral run. To do so, we aim to map Trump’s Twitter and its relationship with the American television networks. We understand that this element is crucial to the comprehension of Trump’s victory in the electoral run of 2016, En el siglo XXI, la intermediación política se ha desarrollado más allá de los medios tradicionales de comunicación, cambiando la forma en que la opinión pública se entiende y se moviliza políticamente. Esta realidad trajo desafíos sin precedentes para las democracias contemporáneas. En este contexto, este artículo busca mapear cómo Donald Trump usó las redes sociales para comunicarse directamente con sus votantes. La pregunta que guía la investigación es la siguiente: ¿fue el Twitter de Donald Trump una herramienta para crear la agenda de prensa principal durante las elecciones presidenciales de 2016 en los Estados Unidos? Partimos de la hipótesis de que el Twitter de Trump ayudó a construir agendas, incluidos los medios tradicionales, durante la carrera electoral. Con este fin, buscamos mapear el Twitter de Trump y su relación con las redes de televisión estadounidenses. Entendemos que este elemento es crucial para comprender la victoria de Donald Trump en la carrera presidencial de 2016

[EN] To make SOFC high efficiency energy generation devices, thin ceramic films are proposed as their main components. The rate of the oxygen reduction reaction is relevant for the overall performance of the SOFC, hence a lot of attention is given to the cathodes and their interfaces. The airbrushed solution combustion (ASC) method was used to fabricate an LSM thin film on a dense YSZ substrate. A single phase LSM perovskite was obtained with very thin and interconnected porosity, and a small average grain size (55 nm). The nanostructured LSM thin film electrode showed a low total activation energy (1.27 eV) at high temperatures, but a high area specific resistance at 850°C (55 Ω.cm²). The activation energy for the dissociative adsorption and diffusion of oxygen was significantly low (1.27eV), while the charge transfer and oxygen ion migration activation energy at the LSM/YSZ interface (1.28 eV) was closer to those usually reported., The authors would like to thank Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNpQ) and Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) in Brazil and Instituto de Cerámica y Vidrio (ICV) and Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) in Spain.

Este estudo objetivou realizar uma revisão de pesquisas empíricas sobre uso da avaliação entre 2012 e 2016, procurando identificar as principais tipologias, como as: instrumental, conceitual, simbólica e processual. Para isso, verificou-se o comportamento das categorias do uso, considerando aspectos como implementação da avaliação, decisão e envolvimento das partes interessadas. Quatorze estudos foram incluídos apontando prevalência do uso instrumental. Como fatores promotores do uso, estão: qualidade da comunicação, competência do avaliador, achados e credibilidade (implementação da avaliação), receptividade à avaliação (decisão) e receptividade à avaliação, achados, relevância, características pessoais e da decisão e necessidades da informação (envolvimento das partes interessadas). Os fatores limitantes dizem respeito ao prazo de implementação da avaliação, o clima político e as informações concorrentes relativas à categoria de decisão. Entre as conclusões, destaca-se que avanços ainda necessitam ser empreendidos considerando o contexto e o processo avaliativo para o desenvolvimento de mudanças organizacionais.Palavras-chave: Literatura de Revisão como Assunto. Avaliação em Saúde. Estudos de Avaliação.

This study aimed to develop a chia mucilage (MC)-based emulsion gel (EG) with olive oil to replace pork back fat in emulsified meat products. Six variables (alginate—ALG; collagen—COL; whey—WHEY; carboxymethylcellulose—CMC; transglutaminase—MTG; carrageenan—CAR) with MC were evaluated using a Plackett–Burman (PB) design. Then, a complete factorial design was applied to evaluate the interactions and properties of the selected variables (ALG, COL, and WHEY) for the manufacture of EGs. The responses evaluated in the EGs were pH, color, emulsion stability, rheological, and texture parameters. In PB, the variables CMC, COL, ALG, and WHEY did not lead to any significant effects on the pH values of EGs, which ranged from 5.6 to 5.8. WHEY had a significant effect on the increase in luminosity of the EGs. ALG and WHEY decreased the liquid release of the samples showing greater stability of EGs and meat model systems. All samples of EGs, apart from run 5 (CMC, MTG, CAR, and ALG), showed a typical gel-like behavior (Gʹ > Gʺ) and a frequency-independent behavior. Even the formulation with only mucilage (run 12) showed a dominant Gʹ forming a gel-like structure. The complete factorial design showed stable and strong interactions between WHEY, MC, and olive oil, since a small or no liquid release, were observed in all experiments with WHEY. This study contributed to understanding the interactions among MC, biopolymers, and proteins, disclosing the potentiality of chia mucilage-based emulsion gels for the replacement of animal fat in emulsified meat products., The authors thank National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq) and Foundation for Research Support of the State of São Paulo (FAPESP) (process numbers 140854/2016-9 and 2016/19967-7, respectively) for the financial support to this work and scholarships. This study was financed in part by the Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior-Brazil (CAPES)-Finance Code 001.

Karyotypes are characterized by traits such as chromosome number, which can change through whole-genome duplication and dysploidy. In the parasitic plant genus Cuscuta (Convolvulaceae), chromosome numbers vary more than 18-fold. In addition, species of this group show the highest diversity in terms of genome size among angiosperms, as well as a wide variation in the number and distribution of 5S and 35S ribosomal DNA (rDNA) sites. To understand its karyotypic evolution, ancestral character state reconstructions were performed for chromosome number, genome size, and position of 5S and 35S rDNA sites. Previous cytogenetic data were reviewed and complemented with original chromosome counts, genome size estimates, and rDNA distribution assessed via fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), for two, seven, and 10 species, respectively. Starting from an ancestral chromosome number of x = 15, duplications were inferred as the prevalent evolutionary process. However, in holocentric clade (subgenus Cuscuta), dysploidy was identified as the main evolutionary mechanism, typical of holocentric karyotypes. The ancestral genome size of Cuscuta was inferred as approximately 1C = 12 Gbp, with an average genome size of 1C = 2.8 Gbp. This indicates an expansion of the genome size relative to other Convolvulaceae, which may be linked to the parasitic lifestyle of Cuscuta. Finally, the position of rDNA sites varied mostly in species with multiple sites in the same karyotype. This feature may be related to the amplification of rDNA sites in association to other repeats present in the heterochromatin. The data suggest that different mechanisms acted in different subgenera, generating the exceptional diversity of karyotypes in Cuscuta.

International audience; Thermal poling using microstructured electrodes on oxyfluoride glasses have been investigated and the impact on optical properties is evaluated. A micrometer refractive index modification based on the sodium and fluorine migration have been evidenced, creating a layer with different chemical composition compared to the original glass. Topological and optical properties modifications after poling treatment are discussed. For the first time, we described the migration of negative fluorine ion in the direction of the cathode from the glass network. Na and F migration led to a layer richer in oxides with a strong contrast of + 0.06 of the refractive index in the imprinted structures.

The vertical total electron content (VTEC) is one of the key quantities to describe variations of the ionosphere and can be provided to users to correct the ionospheric disturbances for GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) positioning. The VTEC values and the corresponding standard deviations are routinely provided in the so-called Global Ionosphere Maps (GIM), with a typical time resolution of 2 h (and up to 15 min) on regular grids with 2.5º resolution in latitude and 5º resolution in longitude. To determine the ionospheric corrections from the GIMs for positioning applications, an interpolation has to be applied to the VTEC grid values, which generally degenerates the final VTEC accuracy. In this context, the typically applied bi-linear interpolation of the VTEC values is calculated by introducing a new weighting scheme by means of the standard deviation maps in the ionospheric domain. In the sequel, the impact of the use of the VTEC uncertainties for the interpolation procedure is applied to the GIMs of different centers and assessed in the ionospheric and in the positioning domain. For the assessment of the GIM in the ionospheric domain, the VTEC values calculated are compared with VTEC directly obtained from the given GIM, i.e., without interpolation. In the positioning domain, the impact of the VTEC uncertainties is analyzed by means of single-frequency precise point positioning (PPP), considering four Brazilian stations in challenging regions. The use of the standard deviation values in positioning provides a significant improvement in periods of high solar flux, especially for stations in the region under more intense ionospheric effect (mean rates of improvements up to 47%)., We acknowledge the IGS IAACs, in particular, CODE, for providing the ionospheric data, IBGE for providing the GNSS data and the National Institute of Science and Technology for GNSS in Support of Air Navigation (INCT GNSS-NavAer), funded by CNPq (465648/2014-2), FAPESP (2017/50115-0) and CAPES (88887.137186/2017-00).This study was financed in part by the Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior – Brasil (CAPES) – Finance Code 001 and Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP: 2021/05285-0) with the support as well of the UPC.

RESUMO Objetivo: compreender os sentidos atribuídos por pessoas com câncer colorretal e seus acompanhantes acerca do tratamento cirúrgico com estomização. Método: estudo etnográfico ancorado na sociologia compreensiva e pequenas narrativas. Realizado em clínica cirúrgica e ambulatório de um Centro de Alta Complexidade em Oncologia, Pará, Brasil, com 22 participantes. A coleta ocorreu entre julho de 2018 e fevereiro de 2019, por observação e registro em diário de campo e entrevistas semiestruturadas, com posterior análise de conteúdo indutiva. Resultados: apreenderam-se: Visualização da bolsa e o novo modo de encararem suas vidas; Sentidos angustiantes; Aprendizado no pós-operatório, a família e o apoio instrumental; Mudanças em atividades laborais, prazerosas e ameaça ao lazer e vaidade; Personificação do “corpo estranho” e indícios de interiorização. Conclusão: a socialização secundária foi explicada pelos círculos concêntricos de socialização. A enfermagem precisa atuar compartilhando conhecimentos técnico-procedimental-informacionais, informando para os adoecidos e acompanhantes as responsabilidades da esfera macrossocial. RESUMEN Objetivo: comprender los significados atribuidos por personas con cáncer colorrectal y por quienes los acompañan acerca del tratamiento quirúrgico con estomización. Método: estudio etnográfico basado en la sociología comprensiva y narrativas breves. Se realizó con 22 participantes en el área de clínica quirúrgica y en el servicio ambulatorio de un Centro de Alta Complejidad en Oncología de Pará, Brasil. Los datos se recolectaron entre julio de 2018 y febrero de 2019, por medio de observaciones y registro en un diario de campo y entrevistas semiestructuradas, con posterior análisis inductivo de contenido. Resultados: se obtuvo lo siguiente: Visualización de la bolsa y el nuevo modo de encarar sus vidas; Significados angustiantes; Aprendizaje en el período post-operatorio, la familia y el apoyo instrumental; Cambios en actividades laborales, de placer o la amenaza al tiempo libre y la vanidad; Personificación del “cuerpo extraño” e indicios de internalización. Conclusión: la socialización secundaria se explicó por medio de sus círculos concéntricos. El área de Enfermería debe actuar compartiendo conocimientos técnicos-procedimentales-informativos, informando a los pacientes y a quienes los acompañan cuáles son las responsabilidades de la esfera macro-social. ABSTRACT Objective: to understand the meanings attributed by people with colorectal cancer and by their companions to the surgical treatment with stomization. Method: an ethnographic study based on comprehensive sociology and short narratives. It was conducted with 22 participants in a surgical and outpatient clinic of an Oncology High-Complexity Center in Pará, Brazil. Collection was carried out between July 2018 and February 2019, by means of observation and recording in a field diary and semi-structured interviews, with subsequent inductive content analysis. Results: the following was apprehended: Visualization of the bag and the new way of facing their lives; Anguishing feelings; Learning in the post-operative period, the family and instrumental support; Changes in work activities, pleasure activities and threat to leisure and vanity; Personification of the “foreign body” and signs of internalization. Conclusion: secondary socialization was explained by the concentric circles of socialization. Nursing needs to act by sharing technical-procedural-informational knowledge, informing the sick and those accompanying them of the responsibilities of the macrosocial sphere.

7 Pág., The family Trichechidae (order Sirenia) comprises three species African (Trichechus senegalenses), West Indian (T. manatus), WIM)], and the Amazonian manatees (T. inunguis, AMM). Whereas WIM inhabits both riverine and coastal systems in the western Atlantic, AMM is the only exclusively freshwater sirenian, endemic to the Amazon River Basin. The study of infectious agents is essential to species conservation, especially considering that both species are classified as Vulnerable by the IUCN Red List and as Endangered by the Brazilian Red List. The current knowledge about viral agents in sirenians is scarce. Herpesviruses and adenovirus are DNA viruses able to infect and cause disease in a wide range of hosts. Herein, we used panPCR protocols to survey herpesvirus and adenovirus in blood samples of wild WIM (n = 23) and AMM (n = 26) under human care in Brazil. Herpesvirus DNA was detected in one juvenile female WIM (1/23; 4.3%; 95% CI -4.7 – 13.3) from Ceará state and in four AMM (two juvenile females, a juvenile male, and an adult female; 4/26; 15.4%; 95% CI 0.5 – 30.3) from Amazonas state. The two different gammaherpesvirus DNA polymerase sequence types identified (one per species, a sequence type in a WIM and another one in three AMM) were highly similar (99% nucleotide identity) to Trichechid herpesvirus 1, reported in West Indian manatees of Florida (USA), and 100% identical when translated into amino acids. A herpesviral glycoprotein B sequence was identified in two AMM. None of the samples was positive to adenovirus. To the authors’ knowledge, this is the first herpesvirus detection in manatees from South America, expanding the herpesvirus geographical range, and the first in WIM and AMM worldwide. Our findings suggest (i) that West Indian and Amazonian manatees are possibly the natural hosts of the detected herpesvirus, and (ii) coevolution of that gammaherpesvirus with Trichechus. Future studies are necessary to characterize the obtained virus and elucidate potential pathological effects (if any) in these species., We thank the staff of AQUASIS and INPA for their logistical and technical support. We thank the Sao Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP), the Brazilian National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq), and the Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel (CAPES) for their support. Ana Carolina Ewbank and Samira Costa-Silva receive PhD Grants from FAPESP (process numbers 2018/20956–0 and 2020/12434–9). Aricia Benve nuto and Roberta Zamana Ramblas receive PhD Grants from CNPq [process numbers 141868/2019–8 and 165364/2018–1]. Carlos Sacristan and Irene Sacristan receive Juan the la Cierva incorporacion fellowships under process numbers IJC2020–046019-I and FJC2020–046311–1, respectively. Jose Luiz Catao-Dias is the recipient of a professorship from CNPq (304999–18). This study was approved by the Ethical Committee in Animal Research of the School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of Sao Paulo (Process number 7151291019). The samples used in this study were collected in full compliance with specific federal permits issued by the Brazilian Ministry of Environment and approved by the Biodiversity Information and A.C. Ewbank et al.