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This article is a collaborative commentary on the first volume of a two-part anthology of works by Hayden White, The Ethics of Narrative, edited by Robert Doran. Informed by the collection and inspired by the co-authors, in this paper we discuss White's writing. Herman Paul compares White's constructivism with that of Berger and Luckmann, and discusses the extent to which the tools of historical narrative criticism developed by White are expeditious in analyzing stories about the climate crisis. Kalle Pihlainen captures White's writing in a three-stage process of emancipatory politics of history, to further reconfigure it using the concept of fidelity. Jakub Muchowski writes about the relationship between the titular ethics and politics, asking to what extent White regarded them as separate spheres of practice, and whether in choosing the former White was apolitical. Ewa Domańska considers how White's critical approach to history might help to explore possibilities of bridging Indigenous and Western approaches to the past as well as reflects on White's attitude toward metaphysics. Finally, Miguel Valderrama considers the ways in which White uses the concept of event. The exchange closes with Robert Doran's response to all the commentaries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This essay reinvigorates the Huxley/Osmond theory that psychedelic drugs can occasion a cross-cultural mystical experience characterized by a sense of "unity with ultimate reality." It offers a long-overdue rejoinder to the position of Constructivist authors such as Steven T. Katz, Hans Penner, and Stephen Prothero that Aldous Huxley's Perennial Philosophy is a defunct position. Specifically, the essay answers three erroneous charges: (1) that Huxley posited his viewpoint as the "core" or "essence" of religion, (2) that Huxley believed he was describing a set of universally shared religious beliefs, and (3) that Huxley's position depends on a belief in—and the possibility of—a state of "pure consciousness." In all cases, these charges will be shown to be erroneous. Moreover, it will also be argued that these claims are inaccurate for most forms of the Perennial Philosophy, and that the Perennial Philosophy is not a homogenous viewpoint, but rather a family of theories as are Existentialism, Postmodernism, and Idealism. The essay ends with a look at new directions for testing the Huxley/Osmond position, including with psychedelic drugs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As international relations are directly related to societies and social/sociopsychological dynamics, the main axes of the IR theorising refer to social sciences to the point of making the IR studies a branch of them. However, they also differ fundamentally from them since they constitute a purely intersubjective field, including their "actors". Social sciences, while also operating in intersubjectivity, have their independently present and accessible actors, therefore a certain anchor in the objectivity. Social sciences theorise and build explicative narratives of genetic nature for phenomena and events, which are independently assessable on that ontological ground. The IR theorising, by importing social sciences' theoretical grounds and genetic approaches into their purely intersubjective sphere without being validly able to produce a similar anchor, bring serious ontological and temporal complications into their study of IR phenomena and events. These complications are amplified by a particular branch of the IR theorising, the constructivism, as it also theorises-thereforenarrates the IR intersubjectivity itself on social sciences' grounds and through their genetic approach, which are exogenous to IR. On the other hand, the IR phenomena and events may be studied in their pre-theoretical, immediate, postgenetic, intersubjective appearance/givenness on their own ontological and temporal grounds. Phenomenology, with contributions from the phenomenological ontology, already provides such an attempt with fundamental notions and tools. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Voces y Silencios is the property of Universidad de los Andes and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Mentoring schemes for aspiring BAME clinical psychologists, are being introduced in universities across the UK. The aim of this study was to conduct a mixed-methods prospective evaluation of the 2021/2022 mentoring scheme. Mentees (n = 8) and mentors (n = 20) completed an online questionnaire at the beginning (T1) and end (T2) of the 2021/2022 mentoring scheme. Quantitative data was analysed descriptively and using a mixed ANOVA. Content analysis was conducted on qualitative contributions. Mentees reported having the confidence and knowledge necessary to apply for the clinical psychology doctorate and assessments of mentoring skills were high. Participants provided their goals and expectations for the scheme, as well as constructive feedback. The findings suggest an overall modest, positive impact of the mentoring scheme. Wider implications include ensuring mentoring pairs establish regular contact and providing additional support for mentors to mitigate self-doubt. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With Russia's full-spectrum war in Ukraine, NATO is rethinking its force posture and responding in ways that are consistent with its norms and identity as an alliance. While the war has been framed by some as a vindication of structural realism, we instead revisit constructivist arguments about security communities. This literature, which foregrounds learning and socialization processes, advanced scholarly and policy debates from NATO enlargement to defence sector reform. By contrast, how security communities engage with adversaries has received less attention. Noting the obvious balancing dynamics on display, we emphasize how threats take on particular meanings, which shape the types of military options considered. We also provide an explanation for NATO's resilience in the face of this external shock. Alliance disunity notwithstanding, we argue that collective defence is being redefined in real time, through dynamics that are not exclusively bound by a narrow focus on the military threat posed by Russia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Why is the Falklands/Malvinas case so prominent in the Argentine political narrative? Why is it almost absent in Britain? How can Britain afford to ignore United Nations General Assembly Resolutions calling for negotiations without the risk of being ostracised by the international community? The key to understanding the dispute lies in looking beyond material factors and examining the ideas behind the actions of the two actors involved. The Falklands/Malvinas case can thus be better examined as an identity dispute; a constructivist analysis highlights how the impasse between Britain and Argentina is the result of their different perceptions of the history of the islands, the international legal principles that apply to the case and the role Britain plays in the world system. Such diverging perceptions, in turn, prevent the parties from settling the dispute. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bamboo diplomacy, the latest conceptualization in Vietnamese foreign policy, has recently captured widespread media coverage. This study investigates the discursive legitimation strategies employed by the Vietnamese Communist Party to justify the adoption of the aforementioned policy. In addition, the study focuses on the integration of nationalism in the legitimation process of bamboo diplomacy discourse in the context of digital media. Drawing upon constructivism, banal nationalism, and Van Leeuwen's model of legitimation in discourse and communication, the study utilizes CDA and DHA to analyze 66 articles on six official Vietnamese online news outlets. The findings revealed that nationalism-based legitimacy is a key underpinning of three discursive strategies of the four implemented in the VCP's bamboo diplomacy discourse. Accordingly, three main patterns of nationhood reproduction were identified: (i) the myth of national history, (ii) the authority of national traditions, and (iii) the moralization of bamboo iconography. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Three decades ago, the term Education for Sustainable Development (ESD) entered educational discourse. However, it is important to note that the concept of 'ESD' did not emerge from scholarly debates on education, rather as a tool to carry forward the agenda of sustainable development. As a result, it has been conceptualized in many different ways. This article is an attempt to further the debate on ESD-conceptualization. The paper discusses connections between constructivism, transformative learning, and Erich Fromm's idea of 'to be' and argues that the focus of ESD needs to change from narrow behavioural outcomes to emancipating learners to ask critical questions, decide (without the influence of anonymous authority of capitalism) and engage in activities that allows them to develop an authentic relationship with their world. The article suggests that consistent opportunities (inside and outside the classroom) to reflect and question the 'having' mode and taking steps towards 'being' mode will address the problem of 'otherness' and contribute towards a more sustainable world. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study is to conceptualize and theorize the circulation-chain model as an education policy implementation framework systematically. The circular-chain education policy implementation process and effect evaluation analysis model are a theoretical innovation model and practical exploration path to explore the implementation and effect evaluation of education policies according to the new problems and trends in the implementation of education policies. In particular, the connotation, the theoretical basis, the elements, the value, and the objective and significance of the circulation-chain education policy implementation model have been explored and analyzed in this study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There are important gaps in the research on youth political action due to a lack of attention to the roles of place and the experiences of young people in rural places. To address these gaps, this article presents findings from intensive interviews with 15 young people (aged between 16 and 29 years) who identified as politically/socially engaged and lived or had recently lived in a rural place in Sweden. Analysis of their responses, based on constructivist-grounded theory, shows that place dimensions shaped three social processes of young people's political action: engaging in politics in (rural) places, finding recognition as political actors in (rural) places and negotiating political belonging in relation to (urban) places. By linking these processes with Agnew's three-dimensional understanding of place, the analysis provides novel insights into how various dimensions of place shape crucial social processes of youth political action. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista de Ciencias Sociales (13159518) is the property of Revista de Ciencias Sociales de la Universidad del Zulia Venezuela and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The notion of the "Self" is one of the most critical issues in contemporary cognitive science. Whether the self is a single and independent real entity or a collection of constantly changing experiences has been at the core of debates between the substance theory and the illusion theory. Compared to the neglect of this issue in Western tradition studies, the meticulous practice of mindfulness/awareness in Eastern research traditions has long focused on this contradiction. This paper navigates the intricate dimensions of the "Self" by weaving together the Oriental framework of the five aggregates with the Middle Way, the principles of constructivism, and the empirical methodologies of experimental philosophy. This approach bridges the gap by synthesizing introspective first-person experiences with objective third-person scientific observations to enrich the understanding of self-constructivism. The implications of these findings extend into the practical realms of psychology and philosophy, offering a scaffold for future research to elucidate the multifaceted nature of the self further. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we present the analysis of the students' achievements in learning calculus in a dynamic software environment during the Covid19 crisis. Two groups of students, the experimental and the control one, were monitored. Blended learning was applied to the students in the experimental group, with the help of Microsoft Teams and dynamic software GeoGebra, in autumn 2020. All students in the control group learned in the classroom without using GeoGebra in 2019. The comparison between these two groups of first-year students, regarding their calculus test results, is described in this paper. It is interesting that the results of the experimental group were significantly better than the results of students in the control group, despite the fact that the students from the experimental group learned during the Covid19 crisis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Integrating Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) for meaningful constructivist instruction has become essential in teacher education. This study investigated preservice teachers' intention to integrate ICT for constructivist learning from the perspectives of their Internet epistemic beliefs (IEB) and Internet-based learning self-efficacy (IBLSE) using the structural equation modeling technique. Participants were 403 elementary preservice teachers in Taiwan. Analysis results showed that stronger IBLSE predicted higher intention for constructivist ICT integration into instructional practices. Believing that the Internet-based information is fragmented (structure belief) and requires justification from multiple sources (justification belief) was associated with higher IBLSE. The structure and justification beliefs also indirectly correlated with the intention of constructivist ICT integration via preservice teachers' IBLSE. Findings can inform instructional practices and interventions pertinent to enhancing preservice teachers' IEB and IBLSE to promote their future constructivist ICT integration in their instruction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Teaching can be challenging, especially when teachers are under-prepared to enter a workforce with a constantly changing landscape. Preparing teachers for STEM content has generated multiple approaches from varying perspectives. While some scholars advocate for content expertise, others promote pedagogy or social context as approaches for translating STEM content for students. Yet, many contend that teachers must be culturally knowledgeable to respond to student diversity effectively. While these arguments are valuable and needed, many have not considered the interconnectedness of these approaches, often used in silos. This conceptual paper unpacks some of these arguments using the social constructivism theory of learning as the epistemic lens to examine and interpret what STEM teacher knowledge should encompass in the 21st-century diversified classroom. After thoroughly evaluating the core elements of three commonly used teacher constructs, this paper presents an integrative, holistic teacher knowledge—culturally responsive pedagogical knowledge (CRPK) framework that considers the necessary qualities that teachers must possess that are functional, content-focused, and pedagogically inclusive. The proposed CRPK construct would be a valuable programmatic tool for teacher preparation, curriculum development, and classroom praxis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Machine learning algorithms bring out an under-appreciated puzzle of discrimination, namely figuring out when a decision made on the basis of a factor correlated with race is a decision made on the basis of race. I argue that prevailing approaches, which are based on identifying and then distinguishing among causal effects of race, in their metaphysical timidity, fail to get off the ground. I suggest, instead, that adopting a constructivist theory of race answers this puzzle in a principled manner. On what I call a "thick constructivist" account of race, to be raced is to be socially positioned in the way indicated by a certain set of statistical regularities on the basis of particular phenotypical traits. A thick constructivist sees that acting on the basis of correlations that constitute race qua social position just is acting on the basis of race, because races just are social positions that subject their member individuals to a particular matrix of social relations that define the raced position. This conclusion has considerable ramifications for our understanding of discrimination, algorithms and beyond. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tens of thousands of students worldwide have been forced to start learning online, and online learning has never been more compelling. Understanding the effectiveness and satisfaction of online learning has become crucial. Previously, researchers have explored many determinants of online learning, but so far, only a few have focused exclusively on the field of higher education in dance. Therefore, this study delved into the satisfaction derived from online dance learning by employing the stimulus-organism-response framework, social learning theory, and constructivism theory. The aim was to examine how the effectiveness of online learning and the characteristics of online systems influence satisfaction in dance online learning. Data collection took place from January 1, 2023, to January 31, 2023, with university students majoring in dance participating as respondents in China. The analysis utilized structural equation modeling for data interpretation. The results reveal that the organism (students online learning effectiveness and the online system characteristics) directly impacted students' satisfaction with online education. While changes in four stimulus factors (learning experiences; instructor's inspiration; learning hindrance; quality of technology) indirectly impact online learning satisfaction. Our research enriches the exploration of students' satisfaction factors in dance higher online education, thus filling the research gap in related fields, intending to guide relevant practitioners in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nick Onuf's constructivism is one of the most important contributions to the field of international relations in what regards the interchange between social and political theories, and philosophy. In this text, I engage with Onuf's body of work taken as a whole. The guiding thread of the problematization I propose is woven through the attention to how Onuf's craft and creative undertaking sets certain beginnings in the construction of his framework, and how setting them has important implications for (the conception of) 'politics'. I would argue that Onuf's conception of politics is sustained on two central beginnings: the conception of humans as 'rational agents' and the framing of what has come to be called 'modernity'. This way, I emphasize what seems to me the most enduring contribution his body of work can provide not only to the field of international relations, but also to contemporary social and political theories more generally. The first section outlines the relation Onuf establishes between rules and rule, while the following two sections deal, in turn, with his conceptions of 'agency' and the 'modern world'. My goal in these first three sections is to reconfigure Onuf's constructivism. The fourth and final section moves ahead, giving a step further - perhaps too far, perhaps too radical -, paving a critical engagement with his work through peripheral (re)begininngs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this text, we criticize the concept of big history from a constructivist perspective and from the perspective of historical nominalism. We show that if big history were to be mere scientification of Hegel's philosophy of history, it would not be epistemologically productive. But if big history is developed on the ground of the constructivist methodology of historiography, it can be a useful corrective of some of the strands of contemporary historiography which show an excessive tendency of smallview. We base our argument on an analysis of the origins of the problem of totality of complexity of history in the debates between the philosophy of history and the developing historical science in the 19th century. We also draw conclusions from defining the relationship between big history, histoire totale, and grand processual history. Big history concepts always appear to us as culturally coloured. However, the question remains, to what extent they are value neutral. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

On several occasions, Finn Collin has engaged in discussions surrounding social constructivism, a relatively recent theoretical orientation emerging through the development of naturalized science studies from the 1970s. Inspired by Finn's work, this paper explores the distinction between 'social constructivism' and 'social constructionism' and their origins in various strands of the sociology of knowledge. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article is an introduction to a Festschrift celebrating the seventy-fifth birthday of Professor Finn Collin. The Festschrift includes a collection of papers that reflect the broad scope of Collin's work throughout his career. The contributions cover various topics such as the meta-theoretical basis of Robert Merton's CUDOS norms, the distinction between social constructivism and social constructionism, the knowability paradox, the relationship between philosophy of language and linguistics, developments in the philosophy of science, the reunification of philosophy, the forgotten Danish academic Frithiof Brandt, artificial intelligence, and conceptual alignment in interdisciplinary collaborations. The article expresses gratitude to Collin for his dedication and influence on the lives of students and colleagues. [Extracted from the article]

This research seeks to elucidate the role of two historical figures of Chilean Pentecostalism, W. C. Hoover and Manuel Umaña, in the construction of patriarchadicy as the foundational and pervasive ideology of Pentecostalism. Our theoretical approach is based on the structuralist constructivism of Berger and Bourdieu. Berger allows us to consider religion from the standpoint of theodicy and Bourdieu from that of masculine dominance. Both of them have allowed us to generate a new conceptual proposal, which we have called patriarchadicy: an ideology vindicating the superiority of men and the inferiority of women as religious leaders. According to it, man's physical strength is interwoven with the moral strength of woman; man's moral weakness, with the physical weakness of woman. Thus, the socio-ecclesiastico-familial organicism is reinvented to generate an assumed ontological complementarity of man-head-leader and idoneous woman-hand-helpmeet. Our methodology has included a review of the two institutional publications, Chile Pentecostal: (1910–1927) and its second period (1933–1979), and Fuego de Pentecostés (1928–2019). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Street formulated a Darwinian Dilemma for realist theories of value. Much criticism of her formulation of the dilemma targets the second horn, posed by the scientifically implausible assumption of a tracking relation between our attitudes and evaluative truth. This paper shows how a recent wave of metaethical realism, most prominently defended by Scanlon, succeeds without a tracking relation and thus avoids the Darwinian Dilemma in Street's formulation. However, Scanlon's approach, which builds on the concept of a reason relation and defends a metaphysically pluralist, domain‐specific conception of truth, runs into another version of the Darwinian Dilemma. The problem is not that Scanlon's realism assumes a tracking relation but that it assumes what I call reason monolithism – the idea that there is one possible expression of the faculty of reason and that this cognitive faculty could not be otherwise, which is scientifically implausible on similar grounds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Context • Some scholars have put forward constructivist world models in which the purported external world is constructed from experience (i.e., there is a constructive relation between them). However, scholars disagree about whether experience is generated by the brain and results from the perception of the purported external world (i.e., whether there are generative relations and perceptual relations). > Problem • Do we need to maintain perceptual relations or generative relations in a constructivist world model? > Method • I propose a world model where our world is composed of a large number of screen creatures, and this is compared with the world model in the irrealist virtual world theory. There is a constructive relation in both world models, but only the second world model contains generative and perceptual relations. I provide reasons to doubt that the world model in the irrealist virtual world theory can provide sufficient reasons for involving generative or perceptual relations. > Results • We should accept the world model composed of screen creatures as the model of our world; we do not need to retain perceptual or generative relations in a constructivist world model. > Implications • This article points out that perceptual relations stem from a misunderstanding of certain correlations between experiences. This will generate some new ideas when considering the mind-matter problem. > Constructivist content • This article discusses how to deal with generative and perceptual relations using constructivist world models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Security is an important concept in -International Relations. In fact, it can be argued that the whole discipline revolves around the security of states, national interests, or of indiuiduals. With the passage of time, the dynamics of security and the traditional notion of security has undergone multiple changes that have helped the concept to evolve. Multiple theories and schools of thought in International Relations have defined and treated security in a different manner. Where some theories preferred state security over the security of individuals, others maintained their focus primarily on individuals. 7he change in the expansion of the concept of security can be attributed to the third great debate in IR which relates to positivism and interpretiuism. This paper aims to elaborate different theoretical paradigms in the light of this debate, using secondary sources of data including books, journal articles, magazine articles, reports, and websites. The paper acts as a one - stop shop for the scholars of IR who seek to understand the notion of security from different paradigms. In doing so, the paper highlights the notion of security represented by the realist school of thought, structural realism, liberalism, the Copenhagen School of security studies, constructiuism, and the Aberystwyth School. While highlighting these concepts, the notions of traditional security and nontraditional security are also explained in the study, further demonstrating the evolution in the concept of security. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Nauki o Wychowaniu. Studia Interdyscyplinarne is the property of Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Lodzkiego and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Focus of the literature on the European West, overlooking the marginalised European Central-East – Assumption of all illiberal states equally resisting international courts – Hungary's unique subtle push-back against the European Court of Human Rights compared to overt resistance against the European Court of Justice – Empirical analysis of original data – Three strategies to control the narrative of compliance – Status signalling to avoid international and domestic political repercussions – Friendly settlements and unilateral declarations as means of avoidance – Disguised non-compliance to convey bona fides – Negative narrative to subvert public opinion – Explaining state behaviour through rationalism and constructivism – Complementing constructivism with the identitarian counterwave in recently-emerged illiberal states – EU membership as a constraint – Illiberalism as fuel for Hungary's resistance against the Strasbourg Court [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article explores the connection between performance art and political activism. Topics discussed include the comparison between performative activism and constructive action, the modern manifestation of performance art by Futurists and Dadaists according to art historians, the distinction between performatives and constatives according to philosopher J. L. Austin, the historical emergence of performance art according to the writings of philosopher David Davies and art historian RoseLee Goldberg, and the evaluation of several performance art exhibitions such as Yoko Ono's "Cut Piece," Marina Abramovic's "The Artist Is Present," and Tenching Hsieh's "One Year Performance."

Iran's enmity with Israel is ideological in the first place and strategic in the second. Iran intends through anti‐Israel actions and messaging to internally mobilize its populace and, externally, to claim the leadership of the Muslim world and strike a balance against a regional nuclear power. This article uses a critique based on constructivism and realism to reveal how Iran's confrontation with Israel has evolved historically from "identity‐ideological" to "politico‐strategic." I argue that Iran's adoption of this approach without taking its internal and external capacities into consideration has ironically bolstered the Israeli far right, increased global sympathies for Israel, escalated Iranophobia, aligned conservative Arab states with Israel, and marginalized the issue of Palestine. To preserve its national interests and regional security, Iran needs to overcome this politico‐historical stage and replace conflict with competition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Social constructivism is the dominant pedagogical theory endorsed in educational discourse today. This study set out to examine teaching and learning in Grade 11 business studies classrooms from a social constructivist perspective. The data were obtained through document analysis, semi-structured interviews, and classroom observations. While the teachers were positive towards social constructivist pedagogy, they were not familiar with the epistemology that underpinned its emergence. The learning of multiple perspectives through discussion, a key tenet of the social constructivist theory of learning, was not evident. Teachers indicated that they preferred direct instruction, as it enabled curriculum coverage and better control over learners. Teachers viewed social constructivist approaches as slowing down syllabus coverage and leading to loss of control in overcrowded classrooms. Limited time and higher workload due to larger classes were common deterrents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Connecting the dots between Vilém Flusser and Heinz von Foerster, this essay explores the links and somewhat belated co-emergence of media theory and cybernetics as a vanishing mediator in modern literary history and the posthuman turn: first, media theory's cybernetic investments and re-deployments of certain concepts and, second, a much humbler claim for cybernetics, namely, its status as a media theory in all but name. Preeminently, the idea that there's no outside to the Whole, second-order observation, the key piece from von Foerster, is central to Flusserian thinking. There's always an observer observing, and that's in any type of epistemology that's a hard problem of complexity, like a problem that can't be easily resolved. The subject isn't a human per se but a knot and also a not of relations, as Flusser puts it, a juncture for various channels of information that also presents impedances. Von Foerster's transit is from physicist - interested in engineering and a systemic constructivism - to meta-physicist reaching into the impossibilities of the social sphere and cognition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Their important exegetical and philosophical disagreements notwithstanding, Pauline Kleingeld and Marcus Willaschek, on the one hand, and Alyssa Bernstein, on the other, seem to agree that Kant's Categorical Imperative transcends the contemporary dichotomy between moral realism and ethical constructivism. My contribution is an attempt to further elaborate on the third, unique, conceptual option that they have identified. I employ the notion of an "enabling condition," introduced in epistemology and action theory by Jonathan Dancy, in order to show that the Categorical Imperative enables action and is enabled by action. The Categorical Imperative (as distinct from specific categorical imperatives and moral laws) is discussed as a structural, but still normative, coherence and consistence norm of practical reasoning. As such it is two things at the same time, namely, first, the most fundamental normative background condition of practical deliberation, choice, and action. Second, however, the mutual enabler-enablee-relationship between action and Categorical Imperative points in the other – "not-so-Kantian" – direction as well: individual practical deliberation, understood as the mundane phenomenon that penetrates the lives of agents, is the (existence) condition that enables the Categorical Imperative in normatively-structured action. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Leaving to one side McTaggart's notorious proof of the unreality of time, this paper examines his positive account of the way in which reality, thus judged to be timeless, misleadingly appears to us as temporal, something which has been almost entirely ignored in the literature. The paper first examines his complex motivations in taking up the issue. It next considers an early unsuccessful approach, before expounding the details of its complex replacement as set out in McTaggart's magnum opus, The Nature of Existence. The paper concludes with a consideration of how such endeavours in constructive metaphysics ought best to be evaluated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

If most of the traditional policy approaches propose a causal and deterministic framework to explain policy change, they fail to clarify how, in the same context and over a brief period, a government can successively take different and contradictory decisions. In order to understand this phenomenon and to better consider the importance of uncertainty in the policy process, this article develops a pragmatist constructivist framework (PCF) to study the indeterminacy of the struggles that unfold within many public and discrete spaces of debate in the politico-bureaucratic world. It also analyzes the unpredictable flows between these different spaces. Developing a pragmatist approach, the article highlights the uncertain conditions of success of several solution proposals by insisting on the importance of the definitional changes adopted by their spokespersons to facilitate the enlistment of new supporters and resist the various tests in the form of critical arguments and power relations. Drawing on a large qualitative study, the PCF relies on the meticulous empirical reconstitution of interactions and scenes of action to understand the complex and unexpected sequence of events that led to a given solution and to propose a specific analysis attentive to the complex relationship between power, knowledge, meaning and ownership struggles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

I distinguish Local Constructivism (humans play a constitutive role in constructing some of the objects we have epistemic access to) from Global Constructivism (humans play a constitutive role in constructing all of the objects we have epistemic access to). I explicate and clarify Local Constructivism and show how the metaphysical concerns which motivate endorsing Local Constructivism about some objects (e.g. social objects, modal objects) differ from the epistemic and semantic concerns which motive endorsing Global Constructivism. I, then, examine the criticisms Realists typically present against Constructivism. I argue that, although these criticisms undermine Global Constructivism, Local Constructivism is immune to them. If one has anti-Realist inclinations, but wishes to avoid the morass anti-Realism usually falls into (aka: anti-Realist Boogeyman), one should endorse Local, rather than Global, Constructivism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Turkish foreign policy displays a distinct identity and certain characteristics that are continuous over the span of a century. This continuity and ideational permanence can be thoroughly explained via a social constructivist theoretical framework. This article employs a conventional constructivist lens to explain and analyze how Türkiye has adopted humanitarian and enterprising qualities in its foreign policy-making since the early Republican era. The initiatives, approaches and practices that have been recently put into effect by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Türkiye can indeed be traced back and interpreted as the marks of a distinct foreign policy in the international arena. The applied constructivist framework, which provides a broader analysis of Turkish foreign policy, facilitates a better understanding of its continuity and consistency, encompassing interests defined based on the Republic's distinct identity and guiding principles throughout a century of constant evolution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Assertions about appearances license inferences about the speaker's perceptual experience. For instance, if I assert, Tom looks like he's cooking, you will infer both that I am visually acquainted with Tom (what I call the individual acquaintance inference), and that I am visually acquainted with evidence that Tom is cooking (what I call the evidential acquaintance inference). By contrast, if I assert, It looks like Tom is cooking, only the latter inference is licensed. I develop an account of the acquaintance inferences of appearance assertions building on two main previous lines of research: first, the copy raising literature, which has aimed to account for individual acquaintance inferences through the perceptual source semantic role; second, the subjectivity literature, which has focused on the status of acquaintance inferences with predicates of personal taste, but hasn't given much attention to the added complexities introduced by appearance language. I begin by developing what I take to be the most empirically-sound version of a perceptual source analysis. I then show how its insights can be maintained, while however taking anything about perception out of the truth conditions of appearance sentences. This, together with the assumption that appearance assertions express experiential attitudes, allows us to capture the acquaintance inferences of bare appearance assertions without making incorrect predictions about the behavior of appearance verbs in embedded environments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Nabo is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In The Sources of Normativity, Korsgaard argues for what can be called "The Universality of Humanity Claim" (UHC), according to which valuing humanity in one's own person entails valuing it in that of others. However, Korsgaard's reliance on the claim that reasons are essentially public in her attempt to demonstrate the truth of UHC has been repeatedly criticized. I offer a sentimentalist defense, based on Adam Smith's moral philosophy, of a qualified, albeit adequate, version of UHC. In particular, valuing my humanity, understood as (my awareness of) my perspective and the reasons determined from within it, entails valuing your humanity, understood as (your awareness of) your perspective and the reasons determined from within it. Given Korsgaard's emphasis on the publicity of reasons in her argument for UHC, I also discuss the role of reasons in my account. I argue that the relative weights of at least some of an agent's reasons are determined from within a shared evaluative point of view, namely, the standpoint of what Smith calls "the impartial spectator." These reasons have normative authority over and constrain the agent's private reasons, that is, those that are determined from within her own particular evaluative point of view. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we examine how nature is defined and perceived and address the conflict between constructivism and essentialism. By exploring modern perspectives on the concept of nature that stem from the field of social sciences, we will review the analysis of Murray Bookchin's dialectical naturalism regarding the very essence of nature. We argue that dialectical naturalism offers a dynamic developmental concept of nature that goes beyond the context of constructivism and supports that the truth of nature can be conceived. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Revista ID EST: Investigación, Desarrollo, Educación, Servicio, Trabajo is the property of Fundacion de Estudios Superiores Monsenor Abraham Escudero Montoya FUNDES and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Nuestra América is the property of Edicoes Universidade Fernando Pessoa and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Some norms go through long contested periods, resulting in norm change, rejection, or persisting conflict. Others are adopted quite quickly, with little resistance across diverse societies. An underlying and unanswered theoretical question is why? A foundational characteristic of a norm as a concept, and a key aspect of constructivist scholarship on norms, is the role of values and moral principles in giving norms meaning and in motivating global policy change. For a field placing significant emphasis on the importance of ideas, the limited theorizing around the value-based content of these ideas is a notable shortcoming. Emphasizing the importance of moral values as among the most deeply held beliefs, I outline a theory of how moral values and moral distance can help explain why certain normative processes and outcomes occur. Building from constructivist work on norms and social psychology scholarship on morality, I propose that moral distance, the degree of alignment, overlap, or separation in moral values between actors can help to explain the type of contestation, the intensity and duration of contestation, and what processes or outcomes are more likely to transpire. The shorter the moral distance, the more likely persuasion or adaptations will occur, leading to the eventual adoption of a norm. The greater the moral distance, the more likely prolonged and heated contestation will occur, leading to rejection or enduring contestation. I argue that centering the analysis of moral values and moral distance in research on normative agreement and disagreement can therefore contribute to understanding why or under what circumstances conflict is more or less likely to happen. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]