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Copyright of Environmental & Social Management Journal / Revista de Gestão Social e Ambiental is the property of Environmental & Social Management Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Numerosos trabajos investigativos, así como reportes de prensa y materiales de archivo, dan cuenta de una coyuntura particularmente compleja para la diplomacia cubana en la extinta Comisión de Derechos Humanos de la ONU, entre los años 1987-2006. Esta investigación se plantea analizar, de manera integral, desde las Relaciones Internacionales y con un enfoque histórico, la evolución de los factores externos que condicionaron los ajustes en la estrategia diplomática de Cuba en ese órgano multilateral en tres etapas: 1987-1989, 1990-1997 y 1998-2006. Este es un tema que mantiene su vigencia. Los factores externos condicionantes de la estrategia seguida por Cuba fueron las transformaciones estructurales en el sistema internacional y el ejercicio anticubano que promovieron, por casi 20 años en esa Comisión, cuatro administraciones estadounidenses. La reciente reelección de Cuba para integrar el Consejo de Derechos Humanos, por sexta ocasión, constituye no solo un espaldarazo a la política exterior del país y a la política seguida en ese órgano multilateral, también demuestra la importancia que tradicionalmente le ha otorgado el país a este asunto en su proyección internacional.

Copyright of Anuario Español de Derecho Internacional is the property of Servicio de Publicaciones de la Universidad de Navarra, S.A. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Applying the case study of Saudi Arabia, this article examines the rhetoric of nations who are well documented as being severe violators of human rights and the use they make of the UN Human Rights Council Universal Periodic Review (UPR) mechanism to defend, downplay, and deny their human rights violations. Authoritarian countries who violate human rights systemically, severely, and intentionally as a matter of government policy apply different rhetorical strategies when undergoing the UPR process and writing and submitting their respective national reports for the UPR process. This article analyzes these strategies, illustrates how different countries use them during the UPR process, and explores the value and limitations of the UPR process and its efficacy at advancing human rights. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

El 8 de octubre de 2021, el Consejo de Derechos Humanos de las Naciones Unidas aprobó una resolución que reconoce, por primera vez a nivel internacional, el derecho humano a un ambiente limpio, saludable y sostenible. La resolución, liderada por Costa Rica en nombre de un grupo de países proponentes, constituye un hito histórico que afianzará el vínculo ineludible entre derechos humanos y ambiente, además de apoyar la creación de estándares mínimos de protección para todas las personas en todas las regiones del mundo. El derecho a un ambiente limpio, saludable y sostenible es la continuación de un proceso que empezó con la adopción de la Declaración de Estocolmo de 1972 y que continuó con la aprobación de la Declaración de Río de 1992. A pesar de ser reconocido en 155 ordenamientos jurídicos diferentes, dicho derecho se ha tenido que estudiar ligado a otros como la vida o la salud, y no como un derecho con vida propia, a falta de consideración a nivel internacional. Es posible que en los próximos meses seamos testigos del reconocimiento en otros foros, debido al contexto de crisis ambiental y de biodiversidad en el que vivimos, y a la preocupación actual sobre los efectos del cambio climático sobre la vida en el planeta, así como en el disfrute pleno de los derechos humanos. El presente artículo pretende compartir con las personas lectoras el contexto general y algunos detalles de las negociaciones en Ginebra.

La codificación internacional del derecho humano a la paz ha llegado a las Naciones Unidas por impulso de las organizaciones de la sociedad civil. Se ha presentado a los Estados un proyecto de declaración de carácter holístico y profundamente enraizado en el derecho internacional de los derechos humanos, en el que la paz se perfila como ausencia de todo tipo de violencias (Declaración de Santiago sobre el Derecho Humano a la Paz del 10 de diciembre de 2010). Un grupo de trabajo del Consejo de Derechos Humanos de la ONU deberá formular un nuevo texto de consenso que supere las profundas diferencias que también en esta materia separan a los Estados desarrollados de los Estados en desarrollo, siendo estos últimos los más próximos a las tesis defendidas por la sociedad civil.

El discurso de los derechos humanos está siendo vilipendiado por movimientos populistas cuyas posturas son incorporadas en mayor o menor medida por gobiernos preocupados por mantener su cuota en las urnas. A escala internacional, esta vulnerabilidad de los sistemas de promoción y protección de los derechos humanos se refleja en el éxito de sistemas de monitoreo controlado por actores gubernamentales en lugar de expertos. Esto se hace particularmente visible en la tarea desarrollada por los titulares de los procedimientos públicos especiales y el Examen Periódico Universal, ambos mecanismos dependientes del Consejo de Derechos Humanos de Naciones Unidas. El artículo invita a la reflexión sobre las causas que han llevado a esta situación. También sugiere que debe existir un cambio de estrategia para conservar la importancia y avances logrados por la agenda de los derechos humanos. Es necesario incorporar técnicas de cooperación con los gobiernos en lugar de una atención exclusiva en mecanismos de movilización de la vergüenza.

When I received the proposal for this article, I certainly was not thinking about the pandemic-tsunami that has overwhelmed us. The text was written at different times as we gradually became involved in it in various ways. Our core concern is to keep in mind the right of a human being to be gradually inserted into society through education and instruction, which are indispensable conditions to be able to access all other rights. It seemed important to first clarify the meaning of the right to education by pointing out the nuances the term can acquire in English and Romance languages. The documents examined, from the Universal Declaration of Human Rights to the Treaties and Conventions, clarify the nature of the right to education, which is more precisely stated with the expression quality education in the Sustainable Development Goals of the Agenda 2030. In a second phase, we clarify the conditions that make it possible to exercise this right, which is a task for the governments that have committed to put it into practice in their own countries. We recognize that this happens to the extent that international and local institutions take on their responsibility as individuals and as groups. Consequently, we could not leave out the description of how one defends the right to education at an international level in the United Nations. We describe the concrete experience of the work carried out since 2008 by the Office of Human Rights, which represents the International Institute of the Daughters of Mary Help of Christians and the International Volunteer Women's Education and Development (VIDES) project at the United Nations. We emphasize the positive declaration method of advocating for this right. Through side events on defending the rights of minorities at risk, the importance of empowering young people, through the direct testimony of those involved, was gradually inserted into the Agenda of the United Nations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of the article is to examine the first year of practice of the Human Rights Council in order to provide a critical assessment of the Council’s early activity. After a discussion of the process of establishment, mandate and working methods of the Council, consideration is given to the decisions adopted by the HRC in its first year of operation. The review of the early practice of the Human Rights Council shows the achievements of the new organ and the challenges ahead. In particular, the membership and methods of work of the Council pose very contentious issues. By way of conclusion it is noted that institution building is by far the more important achievement in the first year of practice of the Council, particularly concerning the Universal Periodic Review. It presents, however, disconcerting aspects concerning consideration of Country situations and shows a very frail and politicized approach to these issues that will inexorably be refl ected in the practice of the Council and compromise its credibility. Nonetheless, there is a widespread view that, if the UPR turns out to be successful, there is still a chance for the Council to develop as an authoritative and leading human rights body.Published online: 11 December 2017

China’s role in the United Nations (UN) is steadily rising at a time the United States is seeking burden-sharing and rethinking its multilateral leadership role. This article highlights that China’s increasing role in three critical areas—(1) UN peacekeeping; (2) the work of the UN on human rights, particularly in the Human Rights Council; and (3) the governance of the digital realm and Internet freedom—has significant implications for U.S. interests and broader global governance efforts. Although China’s transformation into a responsible stakeholder in various areas of the UN’s work could be promising, Beijing’s attempts to alter existing liberal norms bear close examination. Those seeking a larger Chinese role in the UN might best be careful what they wish for. Despite the emergence of populism and some skepticism of multilateral arrangements in their domestic politics, the United States and like-minded nations have an interest in reinforcing liberal norms in these three areas of global governance and beyond. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mediante resolución No. 60/251 de 3 de abril de 2006, la Asamblea General de Naciones Unidas creó el Consejo de derechos humanos con la intención de combatir el déficit de legitimidad que presentaba la antigua Comisión de derechos humanos, sus amplios niveles de politización y fortalecimiento de los procedimientos de protección de derechos humanos. El propósito de este documento es analizar en qué consistieron esas reformas y cuáles podrían ser sus implicaciones en la reducción de la politización y el fortalecimiento de la efectividad de los mecanismos de denuncia, procedimientos especiales y examen periódico universal.

El Consejo de Derechos Humanos creado en 2006 nace con el objetivo de subsanar algunos de los déficit y críticas de su antecesora, la Comisión de Derechos Humanos. Con este fin, incorpora varioselementos nuevos tanto en su posición dentro del organigrama de Naciones Unidas como en su composición y mecanismos de control, también conocidos como mecanismos extra convencionales. En este contexto sobresale la reforma de los procedimientos especiales, sobre todo, a partir de la adopción del Código de Conducta para los titulares de mandatos, relatores y expertos del Consejo de Derechos Humanos. Se trata de valorar estos últimos cambios a la luz de su efectividad e imparcialidad.

Th e extent to which emerging powers will pursue human rights issues in their foreign policy is more complex than commonly assumed. Although they may be less willing to pursue tactics such as public criticism and conditionality, they may embrace other tactics, including dialogue-driven approaches and thematic-specific standard-setting. As the impact of naming and shaming approaches is in any case contested, such a shift presents both risks and opportunities for the goal of maintaining and improving an eff ective international regime for the protection of human rights. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Polis (07176554) is the property of Polis - Revista Academica Universidad Bolivariana and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The establishment in 2006 of the Human Rights Council United Nations, replacing the Human Rights Commission, is questioning whether the new body assumes the extra-conventional mechanisms of protection of human rights that had been in charge of the Commission for over forty years. The analysis will lead to the conclusion that the Council takes on virtually, without any substantive change, the «confidential complaint procedure» and the «public special procedures» that existed at the time of the Commission. Although at the same time it will assume a new mechanism, absent in the previous period, such as Universal Periodic Review (UPR), which, from now on, becomes the cornerstone of the UN system of protection of human rights. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In 2006 the United Nations underwent its greatest reform since its foundation in 1945, showing a renewed commitment to human rights protection. The replacement of the Commission on Human Rights with the Human Rights Council signifies the growing strength of the international human rights regime. However, this change has not been without criticism. In particular it has been alleged that the Council suffers from various political biases to the detriment of its effectiveness: for example, disproportionately focusing on the Occupied Palestinian Territories while failing to swiftly respond to abuses in Darfur. Further, the Council is arguably undermined by both its failure to implement effective mechanisms to prevent its own membership consisting to include acknowledged human rights violator and its continuing inability to harness US support. This paper analyses such criticisms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Taking his work experience in the UN and in the Inter-American System of Human Rights into account, Pinheiro highlights some of the main achievements and challenges in the development of International Human Rights Law in the last 60 years. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the creation of the Council on Human Rights by the United Nations General Assembly on March 15, 2006. The Council was created within the framework of reforms of the United Nations System as a substitute for the Human Rights Commission. The paper also aims to give light on the innovations brought by the Council including its motives, functions, structure, and its relevance to the Commission.

Copyright of Estudios Socio-Jurídicos is the property of Colegio Mayor de Nuestra Senora del Rosario and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Estudios Socio-Jurídicos is the property of Colegio Mayor de Nuestra Senora del Rosario and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)