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6. Counteracting wildfire misinformation

Author

Jones, Gavin M, Vraga, Emily K, Hessburg, Paul F, Hurteau, Matthew D, Allen, Craig D, Keane, Robert E, Spies, Thomas A, North, Malcolm P, Collins, Brandon M, Finney, Mark A, Lydersen, Jamie M, and Westerling, A Leroy

Published
2022

18. Wildfire-Driven Forest Conversion in Western North American Landscapes

Author

COOP, JONATHAN D., PARKS, SEAN A., STEVENS-RUMANN, CAMILLE S., CRAUSBAY, SHELLEY D., HIGUERA, PHILIP E., HURTEAU, MATTHEW D., TEPLEY, ALAN, WHITMAN, ELLEN, ASSAL, TIMOTHY, COLLINS, BRANDON M., DAVIS, KIMBERLEY T., DOBROWSKI, SOLOMON, FALK, DONALD A., FORNWALT, PAULA J., FULÉ, PETER Z., HARVEY, BRIAN J., KANE, VAN R., LITTLEFIELD, CAITLIN E., MARGOLIS, ELLIS Q., NORTH, MALCOLM, PARISIEN, MARC-ANDRÉ, PRICHARD, SUSAN, and RODMAN, KYLE C.

Published
2020

20. Managing fire‐prone forests in a time of decreasing carbon carrying capacity.

Author

Hurteau, Matthew D, Goodwin, Marissa J, Marsh, Christopher, Zald, Harold SJ, Collins, Brandon, Meyer, Marc, and North, Malcolm P

Subjects
FOREST canopies, CONIFEROUS forests, FOREST density, TREE mortality, TROPICAL dry forests, WILDFIRE prevention, FUEL reduction (Wildfire prevention), WILDFIRES, FOREST fires
Abstract

Changing climatic conditions are increasing overstory tree mortality in forests globally. This restructuring of the distribution of biomass is making already flammable forests more combustible, posing a major challenge for managing the transition to a lower biomass state. In western US dry conifer forests, tree density resulting from over a century of fire‐exclusion practices has increased the risk of high‐severity wildfire and susceptibility to climate‐driven mortality. Reducing dead fuel loads will require new approaches to mitigate risk to the remaining live trees by preparing forests to withstand future wildfire. Here, we used data from the Teakettle Experimental Forest in California to evaluate different prescribed fire burn frequencies and their impact on accumulated dead fuels after a 4‐year drought. Increasing burn frequency could reduce surface fuel build‐up but comes with additional challenges that will require creativity and experimentation to overcome. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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21. TAFRO subtype of idiopathic multicentric Castleman disease in a 22-year-old man.

Author

Rowe, Steven, Collins, Brandon Wayne, Pirzada, Amrah, Manning, Neal, and Chen, Luke Y.C.

Subjects
*POSITRON emission tomography computed tomography, *ANTINEUTROPHIL cytoplasmic antibodies, *DIAGNOSIS, *SYMPTOMS, *IDIOPATHIC diseases, *SARCOIDOSIS
Abstract

The article discusses a rare subtype of idiopathic multicentric Castleman disease known as the TAFRO syndrome, characterized by thrombocytopenia, anasarca, reticulin fibrosis, renal dysfunction, and organomegaly. The diagnosis of Castleman disease requires careful clinicopathological correlation, and radiographic adrenal abnormalities can serve as a diagnostic clue for TAFRO. Treatment with an interleukin-6 inhibitor is crucial to prevent morbidity and death, with rapid initiation often resulting in excellent outcomes. The case study presented in the article highlights the challenges in diagnosing and treating this rare disease, emphasizing the importance of early recognition and appropriate therapy. [Extracted from the article]

Published
2024
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22. Association Between State‐Wide Cardiac Quality Improvement Program and Costs Following Intervention for Coronary Artery Disease.

Author

Wong, Edwin S., Nelson, Joshua, Whitten, Richard, Maynard, Charles, Collins‐Brandon, Jeannie, Sitcov, Kristin, and Hira, Ravi S.

Subjects
CORONARY artery bypass, PERCUTANEOUS coronary intervention, CORONARY artery disease, MEDICARE reimbursement, ECONOMIC aspects of diseases
Abstract

Background: Since 2010, all non‐VA hospitals performing cardiac surgeries and percutaneous interventions in Washington State have participated in the Cardiac Care Outcomes Assessment Program (COAP), a data‐driven, physician‐led collaborative quality improvement (QI) collaborative. Prior literature has demonstrated QI programs such as COAP can avert avoidable utilization such as hospital readmissions. However, it is unknown whether such improvements translate into economic benefits. Hypothesis: This study compared downstream healthcare costs between patients undergoing cardiac interventions for coronary artery disease (CAD) at hospitals that were and were not participating in COAP. Methods: Post hoc analysis of Medicare administrative and claims data examined 2.5 million randomly selected deidentified beneficiaries receiving a percutaneous coronary intervention or coronary artery bypass grafting between 2013 and 2020. Total costs were defined as all reimbursements paid by Medicare for up to 5 years following cardiac intervention. Because all non‐VA hospitals in Washington State participated in COAP, we compared respective groups of patients receiving intervention in Washington State with all non‐Washington states, adjusting for patient demographics and comorbidity. To model costs, we applied a multipart estimator, which distinguishes the impact of QI program participation due to survival and utilization while accounting for censoring. Results: Total 5‐year downstream costs were $3861 lower (95% confidence interval [CI] = $1794 to $5741) among patients receiving cardiac intervention at COAP‐exposed hospitals. Lower costs were largely driven by lower utilization during calendar quarters where death was not observed. Conclusions: Participation in this state‐wide cardiac quality improvement program was associated with economic benefits in patients receiving intervention for CAD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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35. Wildfire risk as a socioecological pathology

Author

Fischer, A Paige, Spies, Thomas A, Steelman, Toddi A, Moseley, Cassandra, Johnson, Bart R, Bailey, John D, Ager, Alan A, Bourgeron, Patrick, Charnley, Susan, Collins, Brandon M, Kline, Jeffrey D, Leahy, Jessica E, Littell, Jeremy S, Millington, James DA, Nielsen-Pincus, Max, Olsen, Christine S, Paveglio, Travis B, Roos, Christopher I, Steen-Adams, Michelle M, Stevens, Forrest R, Vukomanovic, Jelena, White, Eric M, and Bowman, David MJS

Published
2016

39. Forest restoration and fuels reduction work: Different pathways for achieving success in the Sierra Nevada.

Author

Stephens, Scott L., Foster, Daniel E., Battles, John J., Bernal, Alexis A., Collins, Brandon M., Hedges, Rachelle, Moghaddas, Jason J., Roughton, Ariel T., and York, Robert A.

Subjects
WILDFIRE prevention, FOREST restoration, FUELWOOD, FUEL reduction (Wildfire prevention), LOGGING, FOREST conservation, PRESCRIBED burning, BARK beetles, TREE growth
Abstract

Fire suppression and past selective logging of large trees have fundamentally changed frequent-fire-adapted forests in California. The culmination of these changes produced forests that are vulnerable to catastrophic change by wildfire, drought, and bark beetles, with climate change exacerbating this vulnerability. Management options available to address this problem include mechanical treatments (Mech), prescribed fire (Fire), or combinations of these treatments (Mech + Fire). We quantify changes in forest structure and composition, fuel accumulation, modeled fire behavior, intertree competition, and economics from a 20-year forest restoration study in the northern Sierra Nevada. All three active treatments (Fire, Mech, Mech + Fire) produced forest conditions that were much more resistant to wildfire than the untreated control. The treatments that included prescribed fire (Fire, Mech + Fire) produced the lowest surface and duff fuel loads and the lowest modeled wildfire hazards. Mech produced low fire hazards beginning 7 years after the initial treatment and Mech + Fire had lower tree growth than controls. The only treatment that produced intertree competition somewhat similar to historical California mixed-conifer forests was Mech + Fire, indicating that stands under this treatment would likely be more resilient to enhanced forest stressors. While Fire reduced modeled wildfire hazard and reintroduced a fundamental ecosystem process, it was done at a net cost to the landowner. Using Mech that included mastication and restoration thinning resulted in positive revenues and was also relatively strong as an investment in reducing modeled wildfire hazard. The Mech + Fire treatment represents a compromise between the desire to sustain financial feasibility and the desire to reintroduce fire. One key component to long-term forest conservation will be continued treatments to maintain or improve the conditions from forest restoration. Many Indigenous people speak of "active stewardship" as one of the key principles in land management and this aligns well with the need for increased restoration in western US forests. If we do not use the knowledge from 20+ years of forest research and the much longer tradition of Indigenous cultural practices and knowledge, frequent-fire forests will continue to be degraded and lost. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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41. Response

Author

North, Malcolm, Stephens, Scott, Collins, Brandon, Agee, James, Aplet, Greg, Franklin, Jerry, and Fulé, Pete

Published
2015

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