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A wide variety of attachment techniques have been used to track birds with electronic tags, with glue, tape, leg rings, neck collars and harnesses being the most common methods. In general, the choice of attachment method should strive to minimize tagging effects, but ensure that sufficient data are collected to address the research question at hand. The aim of our study was to develop and evaluate tag attachment methods to track Sandwich Terns Thalasseus sandvicensis during the last part of the incubation and the chick‐rearing period of one breeding season. Tag attachments had to stay on for the duration of the chick‐rearing period (5–6 weeks) and be non‐restraining and flexible, but strong enough to withstand the forces and submersion associated with their plunge‐diving foraging technique. We first experimentally tested the durability of flexible material under various environmental conditions with the aim of developing a self‐releasing harness. Then, in field studies, we compared three different attachment methods on terns during the breeding seasons, attaching tags to dorsal feathers using (1) tape, (2) glue or (3) a newly developed harness made specifically for short‐term deployments of one chick‐rearing period and constructed from degradable material. Assessment of the performance of attachment methods was based on retention time of the loggers and on annual survival rates of tagged individuals in comparison with non‐tagged individuals. The use of tape and glue led to premature loss of tags (median minimum retention time (range) of 3 (1–4) days and 15 (5–26) days, respectively), whereas the self‐releasing harness had a median minimum retention time of 42 (18–91) days, which is sufficient to track Sandwich Terns during the entire chick‐rearing period. The apparent annual survival of birds tagged using glue or tape did not differ from that observed in non‐tagged control birds. In contrast, birds fitted with the self‐releasing harnesses might have experienced a lower survival rate than control birds. Entanglement of birds in the harness material was incidentally observed in three cases, which may have contributed to the lower survival rates observed in this group. The risk of entanglement can potentially be mitigated with a leg‐loop harness instead of a full‐body harness. Our results highlight the necessity of careful consideration when selecting appropriate attachment methods. Specifically, there is a need to address whether the research questions and desired tracking duration justify the use of a harness and the higher impact that it entails, or whether a tape or glue‐mount is sufficient. More broadly, sharing field expertise in tag attachments across studies is essential to successful deployments while minimizing the impact on animals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The annual cost to the NHS of managing 3.8 million patients with a wound was estimated in 2020 to be £8.3 billion, of which £5.6 billion was spent on the 30% of wounds that did not heal and £2.7 billion on the 70% of wounds that healed (Guest, 2020). One of the main symptoms associated with chronic 'hard-to-heal' wounds is the production of excess exudate (Atkin et al, 2019). This is due to a prolonged chronic inflammatory response stimulated by a physiological cause. This article describes what exudate is and its importance in the wound healing process, highlighting the consequences of too little or excessive wound exudate associated with any wound. The article goes on to describe a case series observational study involving a range of patients (n=47; 33 male/14 female), aged between 33 and 91 years (mean 67.4 years), with a variety of acute (n=11) and chronic exuding wounds (n=44). In total, 55 wounds of various aetiologies were managed with DryMax Super (a dressing whose design includes superabsorbent polymers) in order to evaluate and report on the absorption and fluid-handling properties of the product. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A Bayesian structure learning approach is employed to compare and contrast interactions between the major climate teleconnections over the recent past as revealed in reanalyses and climate model simulations from leading Meteorological Centers. In a previous study, the authors demonstrated a general framework using homogeneous Dynamic Bayesian Network models constructed from reanalyzed time series of empirical climate indices to compare probabilistic graphical models. Reversible jump Markov Chain Monte Carlo is used to provide uncertainty quantification for selecting the respective network structures. The incorporation of confidence measures in structural features provided by the Bayesian approach is key to yielding informative measures of the differences between products if network‐based approaches are to be used for model evaluation, particularly as point estimates alone may understate the relevant uncertainties. Here we compare models fitted from the NCEP/NCAR and JRA‐55 reanalyses and Coupled Model Intercomparison Project version 5 (CMIP5) historical simulations in terms of associations for which there is high posterior confidence. Examination of differences in the posterior probabilities assigned to edges of the directed acyclic graph provides a quantitative summary of departures in the CMIP5 models from reanalyses. In general terms the climate model simulations are in better agreement with reanalyses where tropical processes dominate, and autocorrelation time scales are long. Seasonal effects are shown to be important when examining tropical‐extratropical interactions with the greatest discrepancies and largest uncertainties present for the Southern Hemisphere teleconnections. Plain Language Summary: Climate model biases and performance is typically assessed against observational products via systematic comparison of individual metrics, usually focused on the mean climate, over the recent historical period. We demonstrate how Bayesian structure learning can enable a systematic probabilistic framework for process‐based model evaluation of both the temporal behavior of individual climate modes but also to identify and assess the teleconnections between those modes. We show that network structures can be fitted simultaneously and feasibly across a representative sample of climate model simulations affording uncertainty estimation of the robustness of differences across models and observations and robustly identify model biases between teleconnections in the climate. Key Points: Bayesian structure learning is used to quantify uncertainty in estimated network structures describing climate mode teleconnectionsDynamic Bayesian networks estimated from reanalyses are compared to CMIP5 model simulations over the historical periodDifferences in network structures between models and reanalyses quantify complex interacting biases in climate model dynamics [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The article provides information on exudate, ways to manage exudate and effects of wound exudate and introduces the 3M exudate pathway and foam decision tools. Topics discussed are process of wound assessment and associated exudate, importance of managing exudate, types and colours of exudate, options for exudate management with interactive dressings like alginates, foams, hydrofibres, super absorbents, or through negative pressure wound therapy and compression therapy.

Recent studies of various stochastic forcing and subgrid-scale parameterization schemes applied to climate and atmospheric models have revealed a diversity of model responses. These responses include degeneracy in the response to different forcings and compensating model errors. While stochastic parameterization of the ocean eddies is an active area, this has mainly involved idealized models with fewer studies employing ocean general circulation models. Here we examine the sensitivity of a low-resolution climate model to stochastic forcing of the momentum fluxes restricted to regions of the three-dimensional ocean where an eddy-resolving ocean model configuration has high variability. We consider the changes in the modeled energetics of low-resolution simulations in response to increased stochastic forcing. We find that as forcing amplitudes are increased there is enhanced conversion of transient to seasonal potential energy. Additionally, there is a systematic redistribution from seasonal to small-scale transient kinetic energy. Our approach has zero mean noise such that the total kinetic energy spectra remain largely unchanged even as small-scale eddy kinetic energy is increased in the targeted regions. However, we also show that strong stochastic forcing, particularly when applied in the tropics, can induce substantial changes to the ocean steady state that are undesirable. These changes include overly strong vertical mixing leading to unrealistic increases in ocean heat content and latitudinally dependent changes to sea level. We show that judicious selection of the magnitude and spatial extent of the stochastic forcing is required for desirable results. Our results point to the importance of a comprehensive evaluation of ocean model responses to stochastic parameterizations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pressure ulcer (PU) prevention is a high priority for health professionals in all settings. While PU incidence is expected to rise given the ageing population in the UK and Europe, PUs can occur in people of any age. It is therefore imperative that all practitioners know about the causes and consequences of PUs and be aware of up-to-date guidance on the prevention and management in patients who have developed a PU or who are at risk of developing a PU. Health professionals should also be aware of preventive equipment highlighted in national and local guidance, prevention strategies and protocols. This article discusses these issues and the Devon (Cardinal Health) prevention and repositioning product range. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary This article aims to reintroduce readers to biologically based and tissue-engineered wound management products. Indications for their use in clinical practice are suggested. It also examines two well-established wound [...]

Summary This article describes the development of a nurse-led complex wound clinic in Lincolnshire in April 2003, and describes one patient's experience of the service. It also explores the benefits [...]

A study aims to find out whether David Hume's theory of probabilistic interference is misguided and inadequate or vice versa. The findings based on psychological experiments and computational models from cognitive science provide convergent evidence that as per Hume's hypothesis the various species of probabilistic interferences can be explained in terms of elementary associationist principles and it can be understood in terms of automatic, implicit and trial-by trial adjustment of associative connections but his explanation should be supplemented with constraining principles such as superposition and cue competition.

NS192 Collier M (2003) Wound bed preparation: theory to practice. Nursing Standard. 17, 36, 45-52. Date of acceptance: April 7 2003. Summary This article provides an overview of and rationale [...]

As climate change accelerates, societies and climate-sensitive socioeconomic sectors cannot continue to rely on the past as a guide to possible future climate hazards. Operational decadal predictions offer the potential to inform current adaptation and increase resilience by filling the important gap between seasonal forecasts and climate projections. The World Meteorological Organization (WMO) has recognized this and in 2017 established the WMO Lead Centre for Annual to Decadal Climate Predictions (shortened to "Lead Centre" below), which annually provides a large multimodel ensemble of predictions covering the next 5 years. This international collaboration produces a prediction that is more skillful and useful than any single center can achieve. One of the main outputs of the Lead Centre is the Global Annual to Decadal Climate Update (GADCU), a consensus forecast based on these predictions. This update includes maps showing key variables, discussion on forecast skill, and predictions of climate indices such as the global mean near-surface temperature and Atlantic multidecadal variability. it also estimates the probability of the global mean temperature exceeding 1.5°C above preindustrial levels for at least 1 year in the next 5 years, which helps policy-makers understand how closely the world is approaching this goal of the Paris Agreement. This paper, written by the authors of the GADCU, introduces the GADCU, presents its key outputs, and briefly discusses its role in providing vital climate information for society now and in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents the discussion on Made Easy workshop held at the Wounds UK annual conference in Harrogate, UK, on 8th November 2021. Topics include protecting patients' skin from medical adhesive-related skin injury (MARSI) with practical strategies for reducing the risk; and irritant contact or allergic dermatitis, moisture-associated skin damage (MASD) relating to stoma.

The article offers an overview of negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT) and presents evidence-based cases for its use on acute and hard-to-heal wounds and how it can be safely used on a variety of wound types.

Flight heights and behaviour of 1460 Sandwich Terns Thalasseus sandvicensis in the Dutch North Sea were recorded with a laser range finder during ship-based surveys in 2020 and 2021. Over 87% of all Sandwich Terns were flying below 20 m, and fewer than 1.5% were recorded above 40 m, leading to a two-fold increase in the collision risk model estimates for the Borssele offshore wind farm in the Netherlands compared to the current standard flight height distributions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Wound bed preparation has come into sharper focus over the past decade, with strategies identified to improve wound condition. This article focuses on implementing a wound cleansing policy and measuring, through audits, how this change affected rates of wound infection. From 2016 onwards, the Skin Integrity Team at Doncaster and Bassetlaw Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust took steps to revise and improve wound care practices. This resulted in the introduction of a wound cleansing pathway incorporating a surfactant-based cleanser in place of saline, with subsequent staff training and other changes made to practice. This study details the steps taken to implement the new pathway, which brought a reduction in wound infections of 84.3% between 2017 and 2019. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In "Of Personal Identity", Hume attempts to understand why we ordinarily believe in persistent selves. He proposes that this ontological commitment depends on illusions and fictions: the imagination tricks us into supposing that an unchanging core self remains static through the flux and change of experience. Recent work in cognitive science provides a good deal of support for Hume's hypothesis that common beliefs about the self are founded on psychological biases rather than rational insight or evidence. We naturally believe in personal persistence, according to this emerging research, because we are prone to categorize the world in terms of hidden essences and structure our lives in terms of whole life stories. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We detail the system design, model configuration, and data assimilation evaluation for the CSIRO Climate retrospective Analysis and Forecast Ensemble system, version 1 (CAFE60v1). CAFE60v1 has been designed with the intention of simultaneously generating both initial conditions for multiyear climate forecasts and a large ensemble retrospective analysis of the global climate system from 1960 to the present. Strongly coupled data assimilation (SCDA) is implemented via an ensemble transform Kalman filter in order to constrain a general circulation climate model to observations. Satellite (altimetry, sea surface temperature, sea ice concentration) and in situ ocean temperature and salinity profiles are directly assimilated each month, whereas atmospheric observations are subsampled from the JRA-55 atmospheric reanalysis. Strong coupling is implemented via explicit cross-domain covariances between ocean, atmosphere, sea ice, and ocean biogeochemistry. Atmospheric and surface ocean fields are available at daily resolution and monthly resolution for the land, subsurface ocean, and sea ice. The system produces 96 climate trajectories (state estimates) over the most recent six decades as well as a complete data archive of initial conditions, potentially enabling individual forecasts for all members each month over the 60-yr period. The size of the ensemble and application of strongly coupled data assimilation lead to new insights for future reanalyses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The CSIRO Climate retrospective Analysis and Forecast Ensemble system, version 1 (CAFE60v1) provides a large (96 member) ensemble retrospective analysis of the global climate system from 1960 to present with sufficiently many realizations and at spatiotemporal resolutions suitable to enable probabilistic climate studies. Using a variant of the ensemble Kalman filter, 96 climate state estimates are generated over the most recent six decades. These state estimates are constrained by monthly mean ocean, atmosphere, and sea ice observations such that their trajectories track the observed state while enabling estimation of the uncertainties in the approximations to the retrospective mean climate over recent decades. For the atmosphere, we evaluate CAFE60v1 in comparison to empirical indices of the major climate teleconnections and blocking with various reanalysis products. Estimates of the large-scale ocean structure, transports, and biogeochemistry are compared to those derived from gridded observational products and climate model projections (CMIP). Sea ice (extent, concentration, and variability) and land surface (precipitation and surface air temperatures) are also compared to a variety of model and observational products. Our results show that CAFE60v1 is a useful, comprehensive, and unique data resource for studying internal climate variability and predictability, including the recent climate response to anthropogenic forcing on multiyear to decadal time scales. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The principle of collaborative working was widely promoted by the World Health Organisation (WHO) in 2010 when they wrote 'that professionals who actively bring the skills of different individuals together, with the aim of clearly addressing the health-care needs of patients and the community, will strengthen the health system and lead to enhanced clinical and health related outcomes'. As a result of this, the development of a multidisciplinary team approach to the management of patients with wounds was actively promoted by various International organisations, such as the European Wound Management Association (EWMA) in 2014, however this article illustrates an example of how a collaborative working protocol has been incorporated within Tissue Viability and wound care environments within an NHS Trust for the past two decades. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the first of its kind, delegates attended an interactive, digital Wounds UK Made Easy on Medical Adhesive Related Skin Injury (MARSI), and how to prevent and manage MARSI. The session took place on Monday 9 November 2020, and delegates were sent a resource pack that included dressings and Appeel Sterile Medical Adhesive Remover range to use during the session. A presentation by Mark Collier set the scene before Fiona Downie demonstrated and guided delegates on how to use the Appeel Sterile Medical Adhesive Remover range. Appeel Sterile is the only sterile medical adhesive remover available in the UK. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An examination of the dynamics of the middle atmosphere as reconstructed in the NASA Modern‐Era Retrospective analysis for Research and Applications, Version 2 (MERRA‐2) reveals the formation of large scale three‐dimensional (3D) vortices in the tropical stratosphere following both the vernal and autumnal equinoxes at times when the jet associated with the westerly phase of the semiannual oscillation (SAO) is maximal and extratropical influences from planetary waves are weakest. An empirical orthogonal function (EOF) analysis of the second matrix invariant of the velocity gradient tensor applied to the shear zones about the SAO reveals statistically stationary wave‐5 vortex structures that span more than 3,200 km in length and up to 40 km in the vertical. Eliassen‐Palm fluxes suggests the vortices are maintained by a combination of local (shear zones) and remote (vertically propagating tropical) sources of momentum. These large‐scale coherent features appear to be unique to the stratopause. Plain Language Summary: Application of methods commonly employed in engineering fluid mechanics to visualize vortices are used to examine a recent state of the art reconstruction of the middle atmosphere. This analysis reveals huge vortical structures present during the equinoctial seasons in the region of the tropical stratopause. These semiannual coherent features appear to be unique to the middle atmosphere spanning up to 30° longitude at ±15° latitude corresponding to around 3,200 km in length and between 10 hPa and 0.1 hPa encompassing up to 40 km in the vertical. Key Points: Empirical orthogonal function (EOF) analysis of the second matrix invariant of the velocity gradient tensor is applied to the shear zones about the tropical stratosphereWe identify large scale vortices near the tropical stratopause as reconstructed in the NASA MERRA‐2 atmospheric reanalysisThe vortices form following the vernal and autumnal equinoxes at times when the westerly jet is maximal [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article provides information on the best practice for the assessment and prevention of medical adhesive-related skin injury. Topics discussed include risks of adhesive-related skin injury, causes of the injury and types of damage, and three main categories of medical adhesive-related skin injury. It also mentions intrinsic and extrinsic risk factors of medical adhesive-related skin injuries.

Hume maintains that the boundaries of morality are widely drawn in everyday life. We routinely blame characters for traits that we find disgusting, on this account, as well as those which we perceive as being harmful. Contemporary moral psychology provides further evidence that human beings have a natural tendency to moralize traits that produce feelings of repugnance. But recent work also demonstrates a significant amount of individual variation in our sensitivities to disgust. We have sufficient reason to bracket this emotion, therefore, when adopting the general point of view: if we allow idiosyncratic affective responses to shape our fully considered moral judgments, we could no longer reasonably expect spectators with different sensitivities to agree with us. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article highlights knowledge concerning prevention and management of surgical site infection in the primary and community health-care sectors, with topics covered such as recommendations to guide clinical practice in the community setting for maximum patient healing outcomes after surgery, principles of management of surgical wounds, and summary of evidence-based clinical perioperative practice recommendations to prevent surgical site infections.