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Jessica González, 1 Pilar Rivera-Ortega, 1 Macarena Rodríguez-Fraile, 2 Patricia Restituto, 3 Inmaculada Colina, 4 María de los Desamparados Calleja, 5 Ana B Alcaide, 1 Aránzazu Campo, 1 Juan Bertó, 1 Luis Seijo, 6 Maria Teresa Pérez-Warnisher, 6 Javier J Zulueta, 1 Nerea Varo, 3 Juan P de-Torres 7 1Pulmonary Department, Hospital Universitari Arnau de Vilanova, Lleida, Spain; 2Nuclear Medicine Department, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; 3Biochemistry Department, Clínica Universitaria de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; 4Department of Internal Medicine, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; 5Department of Endocrinology & Nutrition, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; 6Pulmonary Department, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Madrid, Spain; 7Respirology Division, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON, CanadaCorrespondence: Jessica GonzálezPulmonary department, Hospital Universitari Arnau de Vilanova, Lleida, SpainEmail jgonzalezgutierrez@gmail.comRationale: Emphysema and osteoporosis are tobacco-related diseases. Many studies have shown that emphysema is a strong and independent predictor of low bone mineral density (BMD) in smokers; however, none of them explored its association with different emphysema subtypes.Objective: To explore the association between the different emphysema subtypes and the presence of low bone mineral density in a population of active or former smokers with and without chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).Methods: One hundred and fifty-three active and former smokers from a pulmonary clinic completed clinical questionnaires, pulmonary function tests, a low-dose chest computed tomography (LDCT) and a dual-energy absorptiometry (DXA) scans. Subjects were classified as having normal BMD or low BMD (osteopenia or osteoporosis). Emphysema was classified visually for its subtype and severity. Logistic regression analysis explored the relationship between the different emphysema subtypes and the presence of low BMD adjusting for other important factors.Results: Seventy-five percent of the patients had low BMD (78 had osteopenia and 37 had osteoporosis). Emphysema was more frequent (66.1 vs 26.3%, p=< 0.001) and severe in those with low BMD. Multivariable analysis adjusting for other significant cofactors (age, sex, FEV 1, and severity of emphysema) showed that BMI (OR=0.91, 95% CI: 0.76– 0.92) and centrilobular emphysema (OR=26.19, 95% CI: 1.71 to 399.44) were associated with low BMD.Conclusion: Low BMD is highly prevalent in current and former smokers. BMI and centrilobular emphysema are strong and independent predictors of its presence, which suggests that they should be considered when evaluating smokers at risk for low BMD.Keywords: emphysema, COPD, low bone mineral density, osteopenia, osteoporosis; smokers

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Contents With the development of the non-surgical deep uterine (Ns DU) embryo transfer ( ET) technology, the commercial applicability of ET in pigs is now possible. There are, nevertheless, many factors that influence Ns DU- ET effectiveness that need to be addressed. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of the weaned recipients' parity on fertility and prolificacy following Ns DU- ET. The recipients (n = 120) were selected based on their reproductive history and body condition and grouped into three categories according to their parity: primiparous sows, sows of parity 2 and sows of parities from 3 to 5. Thirty fresh embryos (morulae and unhatched blastocysts) were non-surgically transferred into one uterine horn of each recipient. It was possible to insert the Ns DU- ET catheter through the cervix along a uterine horn in 98.3% of the recipients. The parity had no influence on the difficulty grade of the insertions or on the percentage of correct insertions. The cervix and uterine wall were not perforated during the insertions, and vaginal discharge was not observed after transfer in any of the recipients. There were no differences in the pregnancy rates (74.8%), farrowing rates (71.2%) or litter sizes (9.6 ± 3.3) between groups. Also, there were no differences between groups regarding to the piglets' birthweights or piglet production efficiency. In conclusion, these results demonstrate that weaned sows from parity 1 to 5 are appropriate to be used as recipients in Ns DU- ET programs, which increase the possibilities for the utilization of ET in the recipient farms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The proinflammatory and proatherogenic mediator, soluble CD40 ligand (CD40L), is increased in the metabolic syndrome (MS) and released from platelets. We hypothesized that adiponectin modulates platelet function, and we sought to evaluate the association of adiponectin and sCD40L levels with platelet aggregation in MS and the effects of adiponectin on platelet aggregation and activation. Platelet aggregation and circulating adiponectin, sCD40L and P-selectin were determined in 30 controls and 30 patients with MS. Also, in vitro studies were per- formed in platelet-rich plasma from nine healthy volunteers. Adiponectin receptors were demonstrated by Western blotting and flow cytometry. ADP and epinephrine platelet aggregation was measured after preincu- bation with adiponectin. sCD40L and P-selectin secretion was measured in the supernatants by ELISA. Patients with MS had higher sCD40L and P-selectin than controls (5.96 ± 0.50 vs. 4.28 ± 0.41 ng/ml, P < 0.05, and 151 ± 8 vs. 122 ± 9 ng/mI, P < 0.05). By contrast, adiponectin was lower in patients with MS than in controls (5.25 ± 0.30 vs. 7.35 ± 0.34 μg/ml, P < 0.001). Higher platelet aggregation was found in MS. Adiponectin inversely correlated with P-selectin (R = -0.35, P = 0.009), sCD40L (r = -0.24, P = 0.05) and epinephrine and collagen induced aggregation (r = -0.80, P = 0.005; r = -0.70, P = 0.011). Platelets express the receptors for adiponectin. Platelet aggregatory response to epinephrine and ADP significantly decreased following prein- cubation with adiponectin (96 ± 4 vs. 23 ± 3%, P < 0.001, and 102 ± 9 vs. 85 ± 9%, P = 0.004). Adiponectin prevented platelet sCD40L release (1.63 ± 0.15 vs. 2.04 ± 0.20 ng/ml, P < 0.001). Enhanced platelet aggregation and activation markers are found in MS associated with low adiponectin concentrations. Novel evidence is provided demonstrating that adiponectin has antithrombotic properties, since it inhibits platelet aggregation and platelet activation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Implication of serum atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) and endothelin-1(ET1) in the central nervous system (CNS)-induced natriuresis and hypertensionrespectively, was investigated in healthy and cirrhotic rats. Both healthyand nonascitic CCl[sub 4] -induced cirrhotic rats under pentobarbitalanesthesia received either normotonic (140 mmol/L) or hypertonic (320 mmol/L)NaCl artificial cerebrospinal fluid into the CNS lateral ventricle at a rateof 8.3 µl/min for 120 min. A sham operated group, but not centrallyinfused, served as matched control. Hypertonic NaCl solution significantlyincreased mean arterial pressure (MAP) similarly in both healthy (n = 5) ((MAP:16 mm Hg, 13%) and cirrhotic rats (n = 6) ((MAP: 20 mm Hg, 15%) (ANOVA, p< .001) although the latter showed a slower increment. Under hypertonicNaCl infusion, natriuresis was also significantly increased in a similar mannerin both healthy (U [sub Na] V: baseline: 0.38 ± 0.22 µmol/min× 100 g; experiment: 2.36 ± 0.90 µmol/min × 100 g;mean ± SD) and cirrhotic rats (0.69 ± 0.48 vs. 3.16 ±0.87; p < .001). By contrast, central hypertonic NaCl solutions did notshow a significant modification of serum ANP in neither healthy (62 ±18 fmol/ml vs. 51 ± 17 fmol/ml) nor cirrhotic rats (126 ± 61vs. 115 ± 30). Likewise, ET-1 was not significantly modifiedunder central hypertonic NaCl infusion in neither healthy (352 ± 46pg/ml vs. 344 ± 39 pg/ml) nor cirrhotic rats (287 ± 58 vs. 277± 61). Despite no modification in serum ANP, there was a significantincrement in urinary excretion of cGMP under central hypertonic NaCl infusionsin bo th healthy (6.8 ± 4.1 pmol/min × 100 g vs. 13.0 ±6.5 pmol/min × 100 g; p < .05) and cirrhotic rats (8.6 ± 1.7vs. 11.1 ± 1.3; p < .05). Our data indicate the preservation ofthe mechanisms of central natriuresis in a model of non-ascitic ... [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]