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In the following we introduce a special issue of the journal Woman & Therapy, titled Women in Their 80s and 90s: Positively Vital. Our intent has been to provide a balance to the prevailing literature on older women which tends to present a negative view of the trials and tribulations of old age. We believe that this information is vital not just for old women but also for feminist psychologists who work with this population and for the world at large. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

How does a modern woman react to being defined by the role of wife? In our study, the authors examined the experiences, benefits, and challenges encountered by wives of college and university presidents. In a relationship where the husband has a prestigious and well-defined role, the female partner may still be expected to play a traditional role on a regular basis, bringing both benefits and challenges. Through focus groups, interviews, and a survey, women shared their experiences. Cluster analytic techniques identified six groups of women that were involved in, adjusted to, or conflicted by serving in the presidential spouse role. The authors employ the voices of the women themselves to illuminate their experiences, satisfactions, challenges, and frustrations. Wives indicated that they had to deal with loss of privacy, conflicted personal relationships, and increased ambiguity about their own identity. Interestingly, wives did not allow these challenges to undermine their marriage; instead, for those who had difficulty meeting these demands, the loss was to their own sense of self-worth. The results suggest that the role of presidential wife should be examined through the intersectional lens of gender and class. This intersection can be seen to shape the expectations of the wife herself, as well as the demands made by her spouse and others in her community. Her previous experiences, education, and career preparation provide insights into how she approaches the public role. Recognizing and giving voice to the complex sociocultural issues involved may help wives thrive in their roles as a college or university president's wife. "Additional online materials for this article are available to PWQ subscribers on PWQ's website athttp://pwq.sagepub.com/supplemental" (Contains 1 table.)

Suggests that cultivating U.S. sensitivity and knowledge about the world are the tasks of geographers. Reminds teachers not to ignore the newspaper as a source of information about world geography. Concludes that newspapers can help students develop an appreciation of how geography contributes to world events. Proposes teaching strategies. (SG)

The North American native prairie grass Panicum virgatum (switchgrass) is a primary bioenergy feedstock candidate. Its widespread distribution and genetic diversity enable the possibility of developing this perennial grass for high production in a variety of conditions, including on marginal lands. A critical concern in feedstock development and deployment is the risk of novel pathogen emergence. Here, we investigate the landscape‐scale prevalence and epidemiology of a little‐studied North American virus that was first detected in switchgrass and other grasses in bioenergy trials in the US Midwest. Switchgrass mosaic virus (SwMV, Genus Marafivirus, Family Tymoviridae) is transmitted by leafhoppers and is phylogenetically a sister to Maize rayado fino virus, a significant pathogen of maize in parts of the Americas. Our goal was to determine whether SwMV is uniquely limited to specific bioenergy trials or well‐established and circulating more broadly. We used molecular diagnostics to quantify naturally occurring SwMV infection in leafhoppers and switchgrass in naturalistic stands throughout a large Midwestern landscape, and quantified leafhopper abundances and stand performance. Our analysis revealed that this apparently wild virus is well‐established and widespread. Infection was present at nearly all sites, across diverse landscape contexts, with its prevalence ranging as high as 33%–60%. Infection appeared to accumulate and persist in stands over time. It was associated with increases in premature stand senescence but not with reductions in stand height. Although wild viruses are believed to evolve benign relationships with their natural hosts, these data suggest that SwMV has the potential to impact yield components. Viruses are frequently overlooked in crop development efforts, but they represent the majority of emerging plant pathogens. For SwMV, it is imperative to quantify its impact on host performance, to identify the extent of any host resistance, and to assess any risks of virus spillover to agricultural plantings of other Poaceae species, including maize and sorghum. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The author examines a difficult case that confronted her with a variety of ethical issues: individual therapy within the context of couples' therapy, problems encountered by rural therapists, and the question of when to refer. She presented this case to graduate counseling students to analyze and critique. The students recognized, as a result of this activity, that real-life ethical dilemmas are more complex than textbook examples, that there is a difference between aspirational principles and absolute standards, and that the ethical decision-making process is key. When an instructor presents her own imperfect work, she encourages students to be open about their real concerns.

In this article the author reflects on her upbringing, in which she was admonished to be cheerful and happy and not acknowledge unpleasantness. Consequently, as a young adult and a new psychotherapist she found herself detached from her own feelings as well as those of her clients. She recalls the evening that she became a more whole, more sensitive human being, and credits her therapy practice and her clients for keeping her that way.

Phyllis Chesler started writing 'Women and Madness' on her way back to New York from the 1970 annual convention of The American Psychological Assn. in Miami. At the convention, she had been laughed at when she asked that an alternative to a mental hospital be established. Although she later on wrote other books, 'Women and Madness' is 'the' book of her lifetime. Chesler shares her experience as a radical feminist in the academe. She describes it as living in a war zone. She also talks about betrayal of women by women.

Women have been isolated from nature by staying indoors far too long. This is perhaps due to fear of being attacked or raped when striking out into the wilds. The collection of essays addresses the therapeutic side of the wilderness and how risk can enhance women's self-esteem. This is the first collection of writings which deals with wilderness therapy for women. The symbolic value of accomplishments in the wilderness to women's mental health is also addressed.

Esther Rothblum and Ellen Cole were coeditors of Women & Therapy from 1984-1995. In this article we describe the process of editing a feminist journal in the 1980s and 1990s, including how each of us came to be an editor. We discuss the challenges and opportunities in editing the journal in the early years of the feminist movement and before the Internet. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Current atmospheric CO2 levels are about 400 µmol mol-1 and are predicted to rise to 650 µmol mol-1 later this century. Although the positive and negative impacts of CO2 on plants are well documented, little is known about interactions with pests and diseases. If disease severity increases under future environmental conditions, then it becomes imperative to understand the impacts of pathogens on crop production in order to minimize crop losses and maximize food production. Barley yellow dwarf virus (BYDV) adversely affects the yield and quality of economically important crops including wheat, barley and oats. It is transmitted by numerous aphid species and causes a serious disease of cereal crops worldwide. This study examined the effects of ambient (aCO2 ; 400 µmol mol-1) and elevated CO2 (eCO2 ; 650 µmol mol-1) on noninfected and BYDV-infected wheat. Using a RT-qPCR technique, we measured virus titre from aCO2 and eCO2 treatments. BYDV titre increased significantly by 36.8% in leaves of wheat grown under eCO2 conditions compared to aCO2. Plant growth parameters including height, tiller number, leaf area and biomass were generally higher in plants exposed to higher CO2 levels but increased growth did not explain the increase in BYDV titre in these plants. High virus titre in plants has been shown to have a significant negative effect on plant yield and causes earlier and more pronounced symptom expression increasing the probability of virus spread by insects. The combination of these factors could negatively impact food production in Australia and worldwide under future climate conditions. This is the first quantitative evidence that BYDV titre increases in plants grown under elevated CO2 levels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A personal narrative is presented which shares the author's Jewish family life in the U.S.

When book selectors, book award judges, and reviewers seek to identify excellence in Jewish children's literature, they must look beyond the accepted criteria for literary and artistic quality. This article discusses that criteria and focuses on the special elements that contribute to excellence in the Jewish content of books for children and teens. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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An introduction is presented in which the editor discusses various reports within the issue on topics including the negative impact of getting older on women, practices that may benefit feminist therapists who wish to serve older populations, and the association between aging and psychological well-being.

Standardized patients prepare like actors learning a role, but they are also educators, and no one else in medical school is positioned to give students a patient's-eye view of the doctor-patient relationship. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

No abstract available for this article. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Ecological understanding of disease risk, emergence, and dynamics and of the efficacy of control strategies relies heavily on efficient tools for microorganism identification and characterization. Misdetection, such as the misclassification of infected hosts as healthy, can strongly bias estimates of disease prevalence and lead to inaccurate conclusions. In natural plant ecosystems, interest in assessing microbial dynamics is increasing exponentially, but guidelines for detection of microorganisms in wild plants remain limited, particularly so for plant viruses. To address this gap, we explored issues and solutions associated with virus detection by serological and molecular methods in noncrop plant species as applied to the globally important Barley yellow dwarf virus PAV (Luteoviridae), which infects wild native plants as well as crops. With enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA), we demonstrate how virus detection in a perennial wild plant species may be much greater in stems than in leaves, although leaves are most commonly sampled, and may also vary among tillers within an individual, thereby highlighting the importance of designing effective sampling strategies. With reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR), we demonstrate how inhibitors in tissues of perennial wild hosts can suppress virus detection but can be overcome with methods and products that improve isolation and amplification of nucleic acids. These examples demonstrate the paramount importance of testing and validating survey designs and virus detection methods for noncrop plant communities to ensure accurate ecological surveys and reliable assumptions about virus dynamics in wild hosts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A letter to the editor is presented in response to the article "Federal Case," in the May and June 1995 issue.

No abstract available for this article. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]