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Summary The use of recommender systems in mobile health apps for weight control has grown, but user app uptake and engagement remain limited. The objective of our scoping review was to explore the influence of recommender systems on mHealth app user engagement, identify the theoretical frameworks that have been applied on digital health interventions designed for weight management, and examine the key aspects that support tailoring user engagement through recommender systems. Based on existing literature, we identified 13 articles on recommender systems for weight management. Themes emerged, including theoretical underpinnings, authors' domain knowledge, user motivation, and design. Most studies used constructs from the social cognitive theory. We found inconsistencies between authors' domain knowledge and the intervention's content, with few professionals from the health and psychology fields. Only 46% of articles measured user engagement, whereas gamification and tailored messages were common app features. Despite some positive weight change results, more attention is needed toward implementing behavior theory and other strategies to promote app user engagement. Future studies should more accurately measure user motivation and identify the best features and behavioral constructs to increase app user interaction. Larger studies with a more diverse population are needed to generalize findings and evaluate weight loss maintenance and physical activity habits among users of recommender system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Health restoration and disease prevention are important strategies to achieve health and well-being. This Perspective provides a conceptual overview of the key concepts of salutogenesis (health restoration), chronic stress, resilience, and emotional well-being, and describes how they are distinct and interrelated. We posit, and demonstrate through scientific evidence, that complementary and integrative health approaches, including mind and body interventions, can be used to mitigate the effects of chronic stress and promote salutogenic pathways. Our goal is to identify research gaps and opportunities and suggest ways to advance the knowledge base for mechanistic and clinical research in this field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Empathizing with patients is an essential component of effective clinical care. Yet, a debate persists regarding how healthcare professionals' emotions and performance are impacted when they engage in empathetic behaviors and attempt to discern patients' mental states during clinical interactions. To approach this issue, this study explores the psychometric properties of the Mental State Inferences in Healthcare Professionals Scale (MSIHPS), a novel eight-item scale to evaluate healthcare professionals' perceptions of their own disposition to infer patients' mental states during clinical interactions. Method: The study was conducted across various units within a regional hospital and primary care units affiliated with the Canarian Public Health Service in Spain. Data collection took place over the course of 2022, spanning from February to November. The psychometric properties of the scale were analyzed, including an exploratory and a confirmatory factor analysis, to test reliability and validity. Additionally, an item response model was run to test potentially biased items. The study collected data from a sample of 585 healthcare professionals. Results: Overall, the results indicate that the psychometric properties of the tool are adequate. Furthermore, the unidimensionality of the scale was confirmed using the item response model, wherein the eight-items significantly contribute to predicting the latent construct. Conclusion: The MSIHPS offers the opportunity to explore the role of mentalizing in a diversity of healthcare settings. This measure can be useful to explore the relationship between healthcare professionals' disposition to infer patients' mental states and other relevant variables in clinical interactions, such as empathy and clinical performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the rapidly growing availability of scalable psychological assessments, personality science holds great promise for the scientific study and applied use of customized behavior-change interventions. To facilitate this development, we propose a classification system that divides psychological targeting into two approaches that differ in the process by which interventions are designed: audience-to-content matching or content-to-audience matching. This system is both integrative and generative: It allows us to (a) integrate existing research on personalized interventions from different psychological subdisciplines (e.g., political, educational, organizational, consumer, and clinical and health psychology) and to (b) articulate open questions that generate promising new avenues for future research. Our objective is to infuse personality science into intervention research and encourage cross-disciplinary collaborations within and outside of psychology. To ensure the development of personality-customized interventions aligns with the broader interests of individuals (and society at large), we also address important ethical considerations for the use of psychological targeting (e.g., privacy, self-determination, and equity) and offer concrete guidelines for researchers and practitioners. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Social media use for risk communication during the COVID-19 pandemic has caused considerable concerns about an overabundance of information, particularly misinformation. However, how exposure to COVID-19 information on social media can lead to subsequent misinformation sharing during the pandemic has received little research attention. This study adopted the social amplification of risk framework to delineate how exposure to COVID-19 vaccine information on social media can be associated with individuals' misinformation sharing through heuristic information processing. The role of social media trust was also examined. Results from an online survey (N = 1488) of Chinese Internet users revealed that exposure to COVID-19 vaccine information on social media was associated with misinformation sharing, mediated by both affect heuristics (i.e., negative affect toward the COVID-19 pandemic in general) and availability heuristics (i.e., perceived misinformation availability). Importantly, both high and low levels of trust in social media strengthened the mediating associations. While a low level of trust strengthened the association between exposure to COVID-19 vaccine information on social media and the affect heuristics, a high level of trust strengthened its association with the availability heuristics, both of which were associated with misinformation sharing. Our findings suggest that heuristic information processing is essential in amplifying the spread of misinformation after exposure to risk information on social media. It is also suggested that individuals should maintain a middle level of trust in social media, being open while critical of risk information on social media. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Many practices available for use in health service psychology are ineffective or harmful. How we describe these practices is important to scientific discourse and science communication with policy-makers and the general public. The label "pseudoscience" is typically applied in these cases, though the meaning of pseudoscience varies widely creating a quagmire for transparent and accurate communication. To clarify this issue, we review several prominent definitions of pseudoscience as well as consider how the term is used amongst psychology scholars and science-communicators. We define two additional terms adapted from the medical literature, contemporary and alternative psychotherapies and low-value practices, and discuss their strengths and limitations. Finally, we recommend the broader category of low-value practices for use due to its definitional clarity, lack of competing definitions, and potential for clarifying research programs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We report on a study of high performing IT professionals in a global IT services company, whose exceptional performance in a highly demanding work environment raises the question of how they cope with their occupational demands. While literature has focused primarily on technology‐induced stressors and associated coping behaviours of IT users, our study examines distinctive coping behaviours of IT professionals in response to diverse occupational demands. We combine qualitative interviews and heart rate variability data from an exemplar sample of 15 high performing IT professionals to provide insights into their psychological and physiological strain levels respectively. Our participants exhibit four strain levels, each related to a distinctive combination of coping behaviours, which we abductively theorise as coping portfolios. We find that high performing IT professionals with both a low psychological and physiological strain level apply a broad and varied portfolio of coping behaviours in response to diverse occupational demands. We contribute to IS research on IT professionals by studying the coping behaviours of an exemplar sample of high performing IT professionals in a leading IT firm. Theoretically, we complement the established concepts of coping flexibility and coping repertoires by introducing the notion of coping portfolios. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of the present study was to identify eminent sport and exercise psychology researchers, based on citation count, and their most highly cited papers. Men (n = 121) and women (n = 32) from 17 different countries (e.g., the United States n = 47 to Ireland n = 1) were identified. Researchers were selected if their h-index was 60 or greater for Google Scholar and Web of Science combined. This criterion reflects Hirsch's (2005) characterization as follows based on h-index: a successful scientist (20), an outstanding scientist (40), and truly unique (60), for one database. Our criteria of 60 for two databases are equivalent to a designation halfway between successful and outstanding. The results indicate an h-index mean of 103, median of 94, mode of 105, and range of 60–346. Top-cited publications leaned toward more sport psychology than exercise psychology topics. Prominent journals included the Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology (n = 24) and Psychology of Sport and Exercise (n = 15). Other publications were in related fields (e.g., Psychology and Health). In summary, we have identified the most highly cited researchers in sport and exercise psychology and their single most-cited papers. We hope this information is of both heuristic and practical value to readers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Health assessments have long been a significant research topic within the field of health psychology. By analyzing the results of subject scales, these assessments effectively evaluate physical and mental health status. Traditional methods, based on statistical analysis, are limited in accuracy due to their reliance on linear scoring methods. Meanwhile, machine learning approaches, despite their potential, have not been widely adopted due to their poor interpretability and dependence on large amounts of training data. Recently, large language models (LLMs) have gained widespread attention for their powerful natural language understanding capabilities, offering a viable solution to these issues. This study investigates the application of LLMs in enhancing physical and mental health assessments, introducing ScaleLLM. ScaleLLM employs language and knowledge alignment to turn LLMs into expert evaluators for health psychology scales. Experimental results indicate that ScaleLLM can improve the accuracy and interpretability of health assessments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article outlines the historical and current position of digital therapies in NHS Scotland. Reflections from the Scottish Government's Digital Mental Health Advisor, as well as Digital Leads for two local NHS Psychology Services, give a combined national and local perspective. Some of the challenges and opportunities for the future of digital therapies in NHS Scotland are also presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: Oral hygiene‐related self‐efficacy (OHSE) describes one's confidence to successfully execute oral hygiene behaviour. The aim of this study was to investigate the long‐term course of OHSE in patients during initial periodontal therapy (IPT) and supportive periodontal therapy (SPT) and its association with clinical parameters. Materials and Methods: Patients diagnosed with periodontitis, undergoing either IPT or SPT, were evaluated at two timepoints. Clinical examination included pocket probing depths (PPDs), clinical attachment loss (CAL), bleeding on probing (BOP), plaque index (PI) and gingival index (GI). Patients' OHSE was assessed with a questionnaire. Statistical analyses included t‐tests and linear regression models. Results: Ninety‐eight patients from an initial group of 201 patients were evaluated after 4 years. The overall OHSE score increased significantly in the IPT group (mean 11.65 ± 15.6, p =.001). The increase in the OHSE category 'interdental cleaning' was significantly correlated with a decrease in the number of pockets requiring treatment (Spearman correlation rs = −.2349, p =.022) and periodontal inflamed surface area (PISA) (rs = −.2099, p =.042). Conclusions: Patients under IPT showed a significant increase of OHSE compared to those under SPT. Improved OHSE, particularly in interdental cleaning, appears to be associated with sustained success of periodontal therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Much research has adopted a deficits-based approach to chronic pain, neglecting the study of flourishing. Using a Q-methodological framework, this study sought to explore how individuals experience, understand and perceive flourishing in the context of young people living with chronic pain. Fifty-four individuals completed a Q-sorting task, indicating their level of agreement and disagreement with 52 statements. Q-analysis generated three factors that represented clear viewpoints of participants: 'Pain is not a barrier to flourishing', 'Adapting to a new life' and 'Adopting a positive perspective'. Factors expressed the viewpoints that flexibility is key to enjoying life despite chronic pain, while resilience, management of stressors, acceptance and problem-solving may be required to flourish with chronic pain. Participants' understanding of flourishing also focused on the appreciation and enjoyment of life and achievements. This study provides a useful contribution towards furthering our understanding of flourishing in young people living with chronic pain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Perceived stress in Italian coaches and sport mental health were investigated during the rebooting of sport activities following the first COVID-19 lockdown period. A sample of 237 coaches from various sports were asked to answer the Italian version of the Perceived Stress Scale and the Sport Mental Health Continuum, together with reporting of demographic information. Coaches’ perceived stress levels were compared with data collected during the lockdown period. Women showed a significant decrease in their perceived stress levels compared to the lockdown period, whereas this was not true for men. Hierarchical regression indicated that, during the rebooting phase, increased age of coaches and their psychological well-being experienced in sporting contexts (a sport mental health dimension) were predictive of decreased perceived stress levels. Practical implications for practitioners working in this field are discussed in the conclusions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Medical events in both childhood and adulthood, including components of the illness or injury and subsequent medical intervention, recovery, and disability, are increasingly being recognized as potentially traumatic. There has been an increased focus on scholarly work related to medical trauma and medically induced posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Existing evidence suggests that trauma‐focused treatment can promote both physical and psychological recovery. However, there continues to be a dearth of clinical guidance on how to (a) best identify and treat prior trauma exposure that complicates adjustment to illness and increases the risk for medically induced PTSD and (b) address medically induced PTSD while concurrently targeting health‐related concerns (e.g., pain, adjustment to illness, acquired disability) that may negatively impact recovery. Originally presented as a premeeting institute at the 2023 Annual Meeting of the International Society for Traumatic Stress Studies, this paper describes the biopsychosocial impacts of medical trauma on adults and considerations for assessment and intervention in both traditional trauma and integrated care settings. This includes clinical applications, including assessment, case conceptualization, and health and rehabilitation interventions, that can promote health‐related adjustment and coping within the context of trauma‐focused treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Background: Depression in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) impacts glycemic control and complications. This study examines the influence of depression on compliance with recommended annual diabetes assessments in patients within the Local Healthcare Authority of Romagna. From a clinical health psychology perspective, understanding how depression influences patients' engagement in managing their conditions is crucial. This insight can help improve healthcare services by ensuring they address mental health needs and thereby enhance treatment effectiveness and overall patient outcomes. Methods: This retrospective cohort study included residents of Romagna with incident T2DM from 2015 to 2017, followed from 1 January 2018 to 31 December 2022. Depression was identified via hospital discharge records or antidepressant prescriptions. Adherence to diabetes care guidelines was measured using the Guideline Composite Indicator (GCI). Results: The study included 13,285 patients, with a mean age of 61.1 years. Prevalence of post-diabetes depression increased from 3.0% in 2018 to 8.9% in 2022. Initial analyses showed higher GCI rates among patients with depression. However, propensity-score adjustment revealed that by 2021–2022, patients with pre-diabetes depression had 5% lower compliance rates (p-value ≤ 0.05). Older adults with depression had reduced adherence, while younger adults with post-diabetes depression had higher adherence rates. Conclusions: Depression significantly affects adherence to diabetes care guidelines in T2DM patients, particularly among older adults. Integrated care models addressing both diabetes and depression are crucial for improving health outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Causal directed acyclic graphs (DAGs) serve as intuitive tools to visually represent causal relationships between variables. While they find widespread use in guiding study design, data collection and statistical analysis, their adoption remains relatively rare in the domain of psychology. In this paper we describe the relevance of DAGs for health psychology, review guidelines for developing causal DAGs, and offer recommendations for their development. A scoping review searching for papers and resources describing guidelines for DAG development was conducted. Information extracted from the eligible papers and resources (n = 11) was categorised, and results were used to formulate recommendations. Most records focused on DAG development for data analysis, with similar steps outlined. However, we found notable variations on how to implement confounding variables (i.e., sequential inclusion versus exclusion). Also, how domain knowledge should be integrated in the development process was scarcely addressed. Only one paper described how to perform a literature search for DAG development. Key recommendations for causal DAG development are provided and discussed using an illustrative example. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This multi-wave survey was conducted at a Norwegian insurance company before (Time 0: N = 568) and during (Time 1: N = 558/Time 2: N = 601) the COVID-19 pandemic. Nearly twice as many employees agreed or highly agreed that it was harder to balance home life and work during the pandemic than before. No gender differences were found in work-home balance, meaning this applied to both men and women. However, a two-factor structure of the interaction showed higher levels of work-to-home conflict, but not work-to-home enrichment, among women during the pandemic. A repeated measure MANOVA suggested no interaction effects between gender and worksite. A non-significant effect of time suggested that work-to-home conflict and work-to-home enrichment were stable during the pandemic. Although the generalizability of these findings is limited to a WEIRD sample in one Norwegian company, gender differences found in work-to-home conflict and stability found in the work-home interaction might have implications for theory and practices beyond the present study. By exploring stability and change in the work-home interaction during a societal crisis, this study adds to the knowledge of occupational health psychology, with future relevance as work and home boundaries become increasingly blurred. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This scoping review aimed to synthesise methodological steps taken by researchers in the development of formal, dynamical systems models of health psychology theories. We searched MEDLINE, PsycINFO, the ACM Digital Library and IEEE Xplore in July 2023. We included studies of any design providing that they reported on the development or refinement of a formal, dynamical systems model unfolding at the within-person level, with no restrictions on population or setting. A narrative synthesis with frequency analyses was conducted. A total of 17 modelling projects reported across 29 studies were included. Formal modelling efforts have largely been concentrated to a small number of interdisciplinary teams in the United States (79.3%). The models aimed to better understand dynamic processes (69.0%) or inform the development of adaptive interventions (31.0%). Models typically aimed to formalise the Social Cognitive Theory (31.0%) or the Self-Regulation Theory (17.2%) and varied in complexity (range: 3–30 model components). Only 3.4% of studies reported involving stakeholders in the modelling process and 10.3% drew on Open Science practices. We conclude by proposing an initial set of expert-derived ‘best practice’ recommendations. Formal, dynamical systems modelling is poised to help health psychologists develop and refine theories, ultimately leading to more potent interventions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we explore the concept of outdoor adventure in the context of mental health, proposing an ecological perspective to redefine adventure beyond its traditional associations with risk and physical challenge. We critically examine current frameworks and definitions of adventure, which often emphasise specific activities and natural environments yet overlook the individual's experience and potential mental health benefits. From an ecological perspective, we emphasise the dynamic interplay between the individual, the activity, and the environment. This approach, grounded in ecological psychology, considers the multi-dimensional nature of adventure, including social, psychological, physical, and spiritual aspects. The paper challenges the traditional riskfocused view of adventure, advocating for a broader definition that includes diverse experiences and interactions, as well as the transformative potential of adventure in various environments, including urban settings. We highlight the changing demographics and motivations of adventure participants, moving away from the stereotypical young male risk-seeker, to more diverse and inclusive participant profiles. We argue that adventure facilitates the realisation of fundamental human affordances, often untapped in daily life, thereby enhancing mental health and wellbeing. This ecological perspective opens new avenues for understanding the role of adventure in mental health and wellbeing, offering a more comprehensive and inclusive approach to adventure activities as therapeutic interventions. This redefined understanding of adventure emphasises its potential as a powerful tool for enhancing human wellbeing, harmonising the relationship between people, tasks, and the environment, and offering profound implications for mental health contexts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The issue of the impact of religion and spirituality on mental health is a phenomenon which has recently become increasingly more accentuated. Despite the attention given to the topic, many questions still remain as to whether and how religion and spirituality affect a person's mental wellbeing. In the text below, we have focused on examining the relationship between religion and spirituality and mental health among young adults in the Czech Republic. Research also explored the idea that forgiveness can be viewed as a component of religion or spirituality. Materials and methods: The research project was executed in close cooperation with STEM/MARK, a renowned data collection agency. The methodological framework was constructed with a dual focus: leveraging standardized questionnaires to ensure data reliability and comparability while also incorporating tailored questions that delve into the participants' socioeconomic status (SES) and background details. The study unfolded across four online sessions, a format chosen for its convenience and effectiveness in facilitating participant engagement while accommodating our respondents' diverse schedules. The total sample approached comprised of 270 young adults that expressed certain form of religiosity. Results: Forgiveness and the depth of one's personal religious or spiritual history emerged as the most influential factors. Forgiveness was significantly associated with an increase in self-blame (positively), and decrease in refocusing, planning (both negatively), and putting things into perspective (negatively) (Beta = 0.25, Beta = -0.06, and Beta = -0.16, respectively). In contrast, a deeper personal religious history was positively associated with self-blame, rumination, and refocusing (Beta = 0.22, Beta = 0.13, and Beta = 0.15, respectively). Conclusion: The finding that forgiveness may be a risk factor associated with regularly elevated depressive symptoms, stress, and maladaptive coping strategies such as self-blame and ruminating over problems, while negatively affecting physical, psychological, and environmental quality of life, clearly points to the need to examine the inner aspects of individual religions and spiritualities. These findings suggest that religious and spiritual beliefs may play a key role in how people experience and manage the emotional burdens and difficulties of life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The impact of 2019-2020 Covid-19 pandemic saw the disruption of businesses and services including education. The shutting down of conventional face-to-face teaching and learning ushered in a new dawn of online education. While not an entirely new phenomenon and one being championed in within the neoliberal globalisation discourse, this article examined the impact of this change. The explored how the Covid-induced online education impacted the resilience of disadvantaged students in the African context. Using Sen's capability approach and the salutogenesis theory of resilience, the paper focused on how online education as an alternative capability to traditional face-to-face affected the resilience of disadvantaged students in achieving the functioning of meaningful learning. The conceptual paper analysed the resilience of disadvantaged university students and how Covid-induced online education affected them. The findings revealed that Covid-induced online education, further amplified pre-existing inequalities. Individuals from privileged backgrounds had greater access to the necessary resources and commodities that enabled them to effectively engage in online learning. Despite online education being considered a capability, the actual implementation of this capability in the form of meaningful learning was hindered by factors that negatively influenced the conversion process. Recommendations include the acknowledgement of the role of digital technology as an enabler to the realisation of the right to education and a call on governments and institutions to incorporate it into policy and practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The advice provided by forensic psychology professionals to judges and courts on matters related to fundamental rights and freedoms or public security requires enormous professional specialization. Paradoxically, in Spain forensic psychology is not officially recognized despite the fact that as a scientific discipline it has developed exponentially in recent decades. This article presents up to ten arguments to support the urgent creation of the specialty of Forensic Psychology. The specific Spanish legal framework that regulates the skills necessary to carry out assessments in the field of mental health, along with the important legal repercussions associated with mental disorders, requires that this specialty include health skills for forensic psychology professionals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article enables to understand Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) in the context of Salutogenesis, coined by Prof. Antonovsky wherein the focus is on the origins of health and wellness consisting of Sense of Coherence (SoC) as its key concept. ASD is a neuropsychiatric developmental disorder with impairments in social, communicative, and behavioural domains. Every individual gets placed anywhere between total wellness and total illness and hence individuals with ASD can find relevance in this context. Antonovsky's perception of life was to view chaos and change as a normal state, in which individuals with ASD face issues. This can account to be one of the ways to explain how SoC is impaired in individuals with ASD. There is paucity of literature when it comes to the measurement of SoC in individuals with ASD though there are studies which have documented SoC in parents and siblings of children with ASD. This article emphasizes the need for tools to measure the levels of SoC in individuals with ASD which may aid in enhancing the available management approaches as well. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Embedding psychology within dental services plays an important role in improving patients' experiences, accessing dental treatment, and enhancing psychological knowledge and training. The Dundee Dental Hospital (DDH) has a clinical psychology service that provides a wide range of training opportunities and services for both staff and patients. This article discusses the benefits of having this service, recent innovations and developments, and reflects on the thoughts of the team regarding the value of embedded psychology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Maslow's theory of self-actualization is one of the most well-known theories both in psychology and to the public. It is also frequently misunderstood or misinterpreted. This article presents myths about self-actualization theory and myths about Maslow's thoughts on science. Maslow's own writings are used to refute the myths. The myths cover topics such as the following: empirical support for the theory, the composition of and movement through the needs hierarchy, the "self" in self-actualization, hidden elitism in the theory, and happiness in self-actualizing people. The relevance of Maslow's self-actualization theory for contemporary psychology is also discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The "Stories of stories" project, using a humanistic approach, aims to (a) shed light on the impact of clowns' artistic work, in the hospital, as a play with consequences, rather than shallow entertainment and (b) contribute to the refinement and improvement of the clown artists' intervention quality, bringing hypotheses of reflection hardly within reach during their improvised performance. We are interested in the subjective experience of the artists. The present analysis was developed from the clown's written reports after visiting the pedopsychiatry ward in a Portuguese public hospital. The visit was performed by a clown's dyad, and the audience was young teenage girls with anorexia. Public Significance Statement: This article aims to unveil the meaning and deepness of Doctor Clowns' encounters with children, their caregivers, and hospital professionals. It also aims to contribute to the improvement and growing awareness of the artists, regarding their professional training when intervening in a context of vulnerability, such as the hospital, and an especially vulnerable audience, sick or injured children and adolescents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research on Open Science practices in Health Psychology is lacking. This meta-research study aimed to identify research question priorities and obtain consensus on the Top 5 prioritised research questions for Open Science in Health Psychology. An international Delphi consensus study was conducted. Twenty-three experts in Open Science and Health Psychology within the European Health Psychology Society (EHPS) suggested research question priorities to create a 'long-list' of items (Phase 1). Forty-three EHPS members rated the importance of these items, ranked their top five and suggested their own additional items (Phase 2). Twenty-four EHPS members received feedback on Phase 2 responses and then re-rated and re-ranked their top five research questions (Phase 3). The top five ranked research question priorities were: 1. 'To what extent are Open Science behaviours currently practised in Health Psychology?', 2. 'How can we maximise the usefulness of Open Data and Open Code resources?', 3. 'How can Open Data be increased within Health Psychology?', 4. 'What interventions are effective for increasing the adoption of Open Science in Health Psychology?' and 5. 'How can we increase free Open Access publishing in Health Psychology?'. Funding and resources should prioritise the research questions identified here. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The objective of the present study was to examine the mediating function of social competence within the association between the inclination towards cosmetic surgery and psychological capital among women seeking cosmetic surgical procedures. Methods: The methodological approach employed was a descriptive correlational design predicated on structural equation modeling. The statistical population encompassed all women who sought cosmetic surgery at cosmetic surgery centers located in Tehran (specifically regions 1, 2, 3, and 6) during the year 2023, from which a sample of 285 individuals was purposefully selected in accordance with predefined entry and exit criteria. For the purpose of data collection, the questionnaires devised by Etemadifard and Amani (2013) regarding the propensity for cosmetic surgery, Luthans et al. (2007) pertaining to psychological capital, and Felner (1990) concerning social competence were utilized; furthermore, the regression analysis technique was employed for data evaluation utilizing SPSS28 software. Results: The results indicated that the coefficient associated with the indirect effect of psychological capital on the inclination towards cosmetic surgery, mediated by social competence, was statistically significant (p<0.05). Consequently, it may be inferred that individuals possessing higher levels of psychological capital exhibit a reduced tendency towards cosmetic surgery, with social competence serving as a crucial mediator in mitigating this inclination. Conclusions: Consequently, the outcomes of this research may assist policymakers, scholars, and practitioners within the realms of health and psychology in formulating effective strategies aimed at diminishing the propensity for cosmetic surgery while enhancing the mental and physical well-being of individuals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aging process is characterized by a decline in living abilities that can affect the physical and mental well-being of the elderly. The various problems experienced by the elderly require facilities that provide comfort and interior design that supports their physical and mental health. This study aims to analyze the relationship between physical health, psychological health, and space comfort in improving the quality of life of the elderly at the Elderly School of Happy Culture House (SLRBB) in Depok City. The research method used is a qualitative method with data collection techniques through interviews and observations. Data was also obtained through a review of literature relevant to the research topic. Analysis was conducted using triangulation techniques, where data from various sources were compared and put together to obtain more comprehensive results. The results showed that there is a mutually influential relationship between physical health, psychological health, and spatial comfort in the elderly. Good physical health allows the elderly to carry out activities independently, while positive psychological health supports mental well-being. Spatial comfort, including elderly-friendly interior design, increases safety and comfort, and creates a more supportive environment that improves the overall quality of life of the elderly. The implications of this study show the importance of creating a holistic environment for older adults, which not only focuses on physical health, but also psychological well-being and spatial comfort. This can be applied to various programs or facilities that aim to improve the quality of life of the elderly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background. Nurses' perceptions of health are essential to decision making and communicating with clients. However, little is known about their own perceptions of this phenomenon. This study focuses on health-related beliefs among young nurses enrolled in a master's-level nursing program using a modified photovoice methodology. Methods. The study population was 87 nurses undergoing a master's degree in nursing at Jagiellonian University Medical College in Krakow, Poland, participating in an obligatory health psychology course. For the modified photovoice activity, the participants took three photos related to their perceptions of (1) health, (2) health protective factors, and (3) health risk factors. The data interpretation involved a thematic analysis of these photos and captions; a narrative analysis to distinguish between documentary and symbolic photos; and a descriptive analysis of the photo production. Results. Eighty-seven students completed the photography assignment. The mean age was 22.1 years (SD = 1.1). Most photos (91%) documented real-life health behaviours. Some photos (9%) used everyday objects such as sunflowers to create symbols related to health. A photo series showed a model of the human brain in different environments and activities. Conclusions. Student participation in the photovoice activity appeared to strengthen observation and interpretation skills, which are essential to client care. Students used this opportunity to reflect on their own lives and environments and show their perceptions of health, health protective factors, and health risks. The activity planted seeds for changes in students' health perceptions and critical thinking. Future research could explore whether participation in a modified photovoice activity as experiential learning in a required health psychology course contributes to changes in master's-level nursing students' personal health behaviours and client care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) is increasingly prevalent among patients with bipolar disorder (BD), raising concerns in psychology and mental health. Investigating the incidence and factors associated with NSSI is crucial for developing prevention and intervention strategies. NSSI behaviors were identified using the Ottawa Self-injury Inventory. The Clinically Useful Depression Outcome Scale supplemented with questions for the DSM-5 specifier of mixed features (CUDOS-M) and the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (Hypo-)Manic Episode with Mixed Features-DSM-5 Module (MINI-M) were used to evaluate clinical symptoms. Non-parametric tests, chi-square tests, point-biserial correlation and logistic regression analyses were employed for the purposes of data analysis. The enrolled sample comprised 1044 patients with BD from 20 research centers across China. Out of 1044 individuals, 446 exhibited NSSI behaviors, with 101 of them being adolescents, leading to a prevalence of 78.3 % among adolescent patients. The most common methods for females and males were "cutting" (41.2 %) and "hitting" (34.7 %), respectively. By binary logistic regression analysis, young age, female, bipolar type II disorder, with suicidal ideation and mixed states, depressive symptoms and without family history of mental disorder were correlates of NSSI in patients with BD (P < 0.05). As a cross-sectional study, causality between NSSI behaviors and associated factors cannot be established. Reporting and recall biases may occur due to self-rating scales and retrospective reports. Our study indicates a concerning prevalence of NSSI, particularly among young patients with BD in China. Future research should focus on understanding NSSI behaviors in this population and developing effective interventions. • The prevalence and correlates of non-suicidal self-injury in Chinese bipolar patients have rarely been reported. • The most common methods of non-suicidal self-injury were "cutting" for females and "hitting" for males. • Non-suicidal self-injury behaviors in patients with bipolar disorder were found to be related to specific factors. • High incidence of non-suicidal self-injury in bipolar adolescents necessitates prevention and intervention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In ths paper I outline my development over fifty years as a therapist, researcher and theorist. I started with empathy as a core helping process seeing it as a moment-bymoment information processing aid as well as a provision of the curative effects of human understanding. Over the years I added a focus on emotion as central to change, and proposed a number of necessary distinctions that needed to be made when working with emotion and concluded that one of the best ways to change emotion was with another emotion. In addition to my focus on moment by moment process I saw that identification of in-session experiential states and case formulation went beyond just being in the moment and helped provide more focus to an essentially phenomenologically based experiential approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Objective Methods Results Practice Implications Patient or Public Contribution Childbirth education, underpinned by Salutogenesis, presents a paradigm shift in maternal care. There was no present information about the maternal experiences of women who had received Salutary childbirth education.The present study aimed to deeply explore women's pregnancy, birth and postnatal experiences who attended the ‘Salutary Childbirth Education Program’ and shed light on the mechanisms of Salutogenesis on maternal health promotion.A descriptive qualitative study was conducted with 15 mothers. The study was conducted during April–October 2023. Data were obtained through semi‐structured, in‐depth individual longitudinal interviews to cover all maternal periods. A thematic analysis was performed.Women stated that they ‘acquired normality oriented perspective’ which provides ‘attribution of positive meanings to the period’ and ‘freedom from their risk focus concerns’. Women experienced the naturality of the process and were in the flow. They described that they became ‘aware of their internal resources’, and gained ‘skills for the construction of resources’ and ‘ability to manage the period’. The ‘emotional strength’ and ‘Investment ability for themselves’ in addition to obtained autonomy provided them a feeling of strength to actively engage in their experience.This study explores the experiences of women who participated in the Salutary Childbirth Education Program and describes the mechanisms of the program's components on their experiences. By doing so, it aims to enhance understanding of how healthcare professionals can present effective childbirth education through the use of the Salutogenesis Model.The authors would like to acknowledge and thank the women who attended the education program and were willing to interview. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Public health emergencies such as the COVID-19 pandemic can further strain the mental health of informal caregivers who provide unpaid assistance to family members or friends who need support due to illness, disability, or aging. However, there is a lack of research exploring the resources and adaptive strategies that promote resilience in informal caregivers. This cross-sectional study used psychometric network analysis to model the interplay between coping strategies, emotion regulation, trait resilience, and anxiety and depression symptoms in 351 Italian informal caregivers. The results showed that coping through a positive attitude, emotional reappraisal, and trait resilience were the most central and interconnected nodes in the network. These adaptive strategies buffered against the negative impact of anxiety and depression symptoms, providing valuable insights into the mechanisms underlying resilience and well-being in informal caregivers. Clinically, it is crucial to assess and foster these resilience-promoting factors (positive attitude coping, cognitive reappraisal, and trait resilience) to help mitigate the mental health challenges faced by informal caregivers, especially in the context of public health crises such as the COVID-19 pandemic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nowadays, children face different changes and challenges from an early age, which can have long-lasting impacts on them. Many children struggle to express or explain their feelings and thoughts properly. Due to that fact, psychological and mental health specialists found a way to detect mental issues by observing and analyzing different signs in children’s drawings. Yet, this process remains complex and time-consuming. This study proposes a solution by employing artificial intelligence to analyze children’s drawings and provide diagnosis rates with high accuracy. While prior research has focused on detecting psychological and mental issues through questionnaires, only one study has explored analyzing emotions in children's drawings by detecting positive and negative feelings. A notable gap is the limited diagnosis of specific mental issues, along with the promising accuracy of the detection results. In this study, different versions of YOLO were trained on a dataset of 500 drawings, split into 80% for training, 10% for validation, and 10% for testing. Each drawing was annotated with one or more emotional labels: happy, sad, anxiety, anger, and aggression. YOLOv8-cls, YOLOv9, and ResNet50 were used for object detection and classification, achieving accuracies of 94%, 95.1%, and 70.3%, respectively. YOLOv9 and ResNet50 results were obtained at high epoch numbers with large model sizes of 5.26 MB and 94.3 MB. YOLOv8-cls achieved the most satisfying result, reaching a high accuracy of 94% after 10 epochs with a compact model size of 2.83 MB, effectively meeting the study's goals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The "sense of coherence" incorporates the notion that when life seems comprehensive, manageable, and meaningful for an individual, even under tremendous adversity, this accounts for stamina and confidence. Its absence is associated with mental health problems, including depression. The current analysis aimed to explore the relationship between the sense of coherence and depression through a network analysis approach in a sample of 181 people with depression. The mean age of the individuals in the sample was 35.59 (11.50) years, and 76.8% were females (n = 139). All participants had at least one previous depressive episode; the duration of the current episode was 30.30 (77.30) days. Sense of coherence was assessed using the 13-item Sense of Coherence Scale (SOC-13). The severity of depression was quantified with the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-I). The correlations between the two scales, three networks (i.e., SOC-13; BDI-I and joint SOC-13/BDI-I), and their centrality indices were calculated. The mean SOC-13 was 40.56 ± 9.99, and the mean BDI-I was 49.90 ± 9.26. There was a strong correlation-concordance (− 0.65; 95% CI: − 0.72 to − 0.55) index between the two scales. We identified detailed relationship dynamics between symptoms, clusters, and domains through the novel network analysis approach. The analysis of SOC-13 nodes revealed the pivotal role of social relationships in the network. However, in the depression network, we found a role for affection (in contrast to neglect) and joy (as opposed to boredom). In conclusion, solid and sustainable personal relationships in distress and adversity stand against the burden of depression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recently, Bayesian diagnostic classification modeling has been becoming popular in health psychology, education, and sociology. Typically information criteria are used for model selection when researchers want to choose the best model among alternative models. In Bayesian estimation, posterior predictive checking is a flexible Bayesian model evaluation tool, which allows researchers to detect Q‐matrix misspecification. However, model selection methods using posterior predictive checking (PPC) for Bayesian DCM are not well investigated. Thus, this research aims to propose a novel model selection approach using posterior predictive checking with limited‐information statistics for selecting the correct Q‐matrix. A simulation study was conducted to examine the performance of the proposed method. Furthermore, an empirical example was provided to illustrate how it can be used in real scenarios. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dr. James H. Johnson, also known as Jim, was a prominent figure in the field of clinical child psychology. He served as the 24th Chair of the Section on Child Clinical Psychology, which is now known as the Society for Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology (SCCAP) and Division 53 of the American Psychological Association (APA). Dr. Johnson played a significant role in advocating for clinical child psychology as a distinct subfield and was influential in developing specialized training and competencies. He had a prolific career as a scholar, educator, clinician, and leader, and his contributions and accomplishments are highlighted in this editorial. [Extracted from the article]

Dr. Gerald P. Koocher is a highly respected figure in the field of clinical child psychology. He has made significant contributions to the field through his research on children's perceptions of death and dying, his work in professional and academic ethics, his expertise in forensic psychology, and his creation of the Psychologists' Desk Reference. Dr. Koocher has held numerous leadership positions and has been recognized with many awards and honors for his contributions. He is a strong advocate for child-related issues and has called for more accessible options for doctoral-level education and training. Dr. Koocher believes that the field must address the complex causes of stress and distress among children and adolescents, including issues such as child maltreatment, poverty, social media, internet bullying, school shootings, and the COVID-19 pandemic. He advises aspiring professionals to remain focused on their education and licensure, and to be open to diverse career opportunities. Dr. Koocher has played a significant role in shaping the field of clinical child psychology and continues to be actively involved in various professional roles. [Extracted from the article]

This study interrogates the historical methodology that underpins research undertaken by historians writing about mental health in the postwar world. I question their near-exclusive reliance on medical elites' studies, correspondence and reports, and call instead for a closer analysis of the experiences of front-line workers, including social workers and nurses, to better understand the social, political, cultural, economic and gender dynamics that shape the diagnosis and treatment of civilian wartime trauma. Drawing upon the case reports and correspondence of a psychiatric social worker who counselled Holocaust survivors in a Displaced Persons camp in the American Zone of Allied-occupied Germany, I use this article as an opportunity to rethink how we write about the history of trauma and mental health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sustaining physical activity may require incorporating activity into everyday routines. Yet, many such routines are executed habitually, so people may not recognise physical activity opportunities. 'Script Elicitation'—a novel intervention method whereby participants detail the content and structure of their routines and are supported to plan modifications to those routines—has not yet been applied to physical activity. This mixed-methods study assessed the acceptability of Script Elicitation for increasing physical activity among office workers. Eleven UK office workers completed the one-to-one Script Elicitation procedure, describing their typical before-, during-, or after-work routines and receiving guidance on incorporating activity into those routines. One week later, they rated the acceptability of the method and completed a semi-structured interview. Physical activity was self-reported at baseline and at the one-week follow-up. Acceptability was descriptively assessed on two quantitative criteria (no clear decrease in physical activity; above-midpoint acceptability scores) and qualitatively explored via Thematic Analysis. The acceptability criteria were met, and participants reported raised awareness of routines and physical activity increases. Script Elicitation appears potentially suitable for promoting activity within everyday routines. If effectiveness is shown in a more rigorous trial, future work will need to develop script-based methods for efficient delivery at scale as a public health intervention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In our pursuit of a fulfilling and contented life, the study of well-being has emerged as a fundamental field of research. Higher levels of well-being are associated with better mental health outcomes. Individuals with better mental health might possess the personal resources necessary to set and pursue meaningful goals, maintain positive expectations, and overcome adversities. We aim to explore the positive relationship between well-being (hedonic, psychological, and social) and dispositional hope. We suggest that mental health acts as a mediator in this relationship, since improved mental health can create a conducive environment for the development and maintenance of dispositional hope. Data were collected using an e-survey through social media during the last quarter of 2022. The hypothesis of this study was tested using mediation analysis. The sample was composed of 471 participants (85.4% female) with a mean age of 47.72 ± 11.86 years. Participants were mainly workers (88.6%), followed by pensioners (6.8%), university students (2.5%), and unemployed (2.1%). Results revealed that well-being was positively and significantly associated with dispositional hope. Additionally, well-being presented a significant and positive relationship with mental health, which, in turn, also presented a significant and positive relationship with dispositional hope. Finally, using the Hayes process macro for SPSS, we found that mental health mediates the relationship between well-being and dispositional hope. Our findings reinforce the conceptual frameworks that consider well-being and mental health as key contributors to a resilient and optimistic mindset. Interventions that aim to cultivate positive affect, facilitate personal growth, and foster supportive social environments might help improve mental health outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study elucidates whether information avoidance may help explain demonstrated links between future orientation and health. In an online study, college students reported their self-reported prevention and detection health behaviors and responded to a prevention and detection health message. Path analyses indicated that information avoidance mediated the relationship with the future orientations (optimism and consideration of future consequences), such that, greater and more positive future orientations were associated with less information avoidance, and less information avoidance was associated with greater self-reported health behaviors and positive responses to health information. Correlational analyses revealed that information avoidance was particularly related to health outcomes, and to a greater extent than future orientations. Our findings join a growing literature showing the importance of information avoidance for a variety of health behaviors and suggest a potential intervention target for individuals whose characteristic ways of (not) thinking about their future might keep them unaware and unhealthy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article delves into the experiences of individuals who spend significant time in the wilderness and the positive effects they derive from it. The natural environment serves as a source of relief from stress and offers long-lasting, meaningful benefits. Connecting with nature allows individuals to escape the pressures of city life and alleviate physical stress. It also fosters self-awareness and a sense of tranquility, enabling individuals to cultivate a positive relationship with themselves. The wilderness provides a sense of awe and interconnectedness, challenging the boundaries between oneself, the world, and others. These experiences are difficult to articulate but hold great significance and value. The article acknowledges the challenges of the natural world, such as isolation and physical and emotional strain, while emphasizing the importance of striking a balance between urban and natural environments for overall well-being. The insights from this article can inform the field of counseling psychology and contribute to discussions on the intricate relationship between humans and the natural world. [Extracted from the article]

Experience sampling (ES)—also referred to as ecological momentary assessment (EMA)—is a data collection method that involves asking study participants to report on their thoughts, feelings, behaviors, activities, and environments in (or near) real time. ES/EMA is typically administered using an intensive longitudinal design (repeated assessments within and across days). Although use of ES/EMA is widespread in psychology and health sciences, uptake of the method among sociologists has been limited. We argue that ES/EMA offers key advantages for the investigation of sociologically relevant phenomena, particularly in light of recent disciplinary emphasis on investigating the everyday mechanisms through which social structures and micro (individual and relational) processes are mutually constitutive. We describe extant and potential research applications illustrating the advantages of ES/EMA regarding enhanced validity, illuminating micro-temporal processes, and the potential for linkage with spatially and temporally referenced data sources. We also consider methodological challenges facing sociological research using ES/EMA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: A large number of deaths could be avoided by improving health behaviours. The degree to which people invest in their long-term health is influenced by how much they believe they can control their risk of death. Identifying causes of death believed to be uncontrollable, but likely to occur, may provide actionable targets for health interventions to increase control beliefs and encourage healthier behaviours. Method: We recruited a nationally representative online sample of 1500 participants in the UK. We assessed perceived control, perceived personal likelihood of death, certainty of risk estimation, and perceived knowledge for 20 causes of death. We also measured overall perceived uncontrollable mortality risk (PUMR) and perceived prevalence for each of the Office for National Statistics' categories of avoidable death. Findings: Risk of death due to cancer was considered highly likely to occur but largely beyond individual control. Cardiovascular disease was considered moderately controllable and a likely cause of death. Drugs and alcohol were perceived as risks both high in control and low in likelihood of death. However, perceptions of control over specific causes of death were found not to predict overall PUMR, with the exception of cardiovascular disease. Finally, our sample substantially overestimated the prevalence of drug and alcohol-related deaths in the UK. Conclusions: We suggest that more can be done by public health communicators to emphasise the lifestyle and behavioural changes that individuals can make to reduce their general cancer risk. More work is needed to understand the barriers to engaging with preventative behaviours and maintaining a healthy heart. Finally, we call for greater journalistic responsibility when reporting health risks to the public. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista de Investigación e Innovación en Ciencias de la Salud (RIICS) is the property of Fundacion Universitaria Maria Cano and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal History of Latin American Education / Revista Historia de la Educación Latinoamericana is the property of Universidad Pedagogica y Tecnologica de Colombia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Selective outcome reporting can result in overestimation of treatment effects, research waste, and reduced openness and transparency. This review aimed to examine selective outcome reporting in trials of behavioural health interventions and determine potential outcome reporting bias. A review of nine health psychology and behavioural medicine journals was conducted to identify randomised controlled trials of behavioural health interventions published since 2019. Discrepancies in outcome reporting were observed in 90% of the 29 trials with corresponding registrations/protocols. Discrepancies included 72% of trials omitting prespecified outcomes; 55% of trials introduced new outcomes. Thirty-eight percent of trials omitted prespecified and introduced new outcomes. Three trials (10%) downgraded primary outcomes in registrations/protocols to secondary outcomes in final reports; downgraded outcomes were not statistically significant in two trials. Five trials (17%) upgraded secondary outcomes to primary outcomes; upgraded outcomes were statistically significant in all trials. In final reports, three trials (7%) omitted outcomes from the methods section; three trials (7%) introduced new outcomes in results that were not in the methods. These findings indicate that selective outcome reporting is a problem in behavioural health intervention trials. Journal- and trialist-level approaches are needed to minimise selective outcome reporting in health psychology and behavioural medicine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]