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The paper illustrates the progress of Hadrian's Villa digital documentation with special emphasis on a series of modelling issues emerged while studying vaults and cupolas of the site. Together with the more general problem of giving scientific coherence to both active and passive sensor outputs – systematically gathered from 2013 – a methodological problem concerning data interpretation of complex opus caementicium vaults have become dramatically important for the interdisciplinary research team. A methodology for improving the understanding the original shapes of Hadrianic cupolas was designed to provide scholars and professionals operating at the Villa with reliable and easy to use outputs, for interpretation, restoration, maintenance practice. Sensors integration played a fundamental role since allowed researchers a global understanding of intrados and extrados surfaces using reverse modelling applications. Features and 2D primitives extracted from high-resolution models were analysed in order to create flexible procedural models of reconstruction hypothesis/completion of cupolas. Due to the very nature of these shapes (apparently irregular), but with a solid geometric conception, we applied the last achievements of Catmull-Clark bicubic surfaces in combination with Visual Programming Language (VPL). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper compares two workflows for the achievement of 3D models aimed at in-depth studies on the geometric features of Cultural Heritage artefacts and their dissemination. The purpose is the outlining of pros and cons of different techniques coming from entertainment and video games industry, starting from highly reliable 3D documentation of cultural assets, i.e. architectural/archaeological/urban sites. Two different possible applications are described: (i) procedural modelling used for understanding and visualising reconstruction hypotheses of the vaulted pavilions at Hadrian's Villa, Tivoli, Rome; (ii) optimisation of 3D high-detailed models, as input files, turned into visual reliable and highly portable assets for game-engines. The first case study is focussed on creating a flexible model for evalueting reconstruction hypotheses and supplying restorers with useful hints for shape completion of ruined pavilions. The second case study makes available detailed digital contents for storytelling historical and cultural events in an attractive way, as in the case of the urban explorative model of Chiuro, a small town in northern Italy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The peculiar figurative friezes of the buildings with mixtilinear entablature have always fascinated collectors of antiquities since the Renaissance, determining their scattering in private collections and museums throughout Europe. Thanks to the application of digital surveying and reverse modelling techniques, increasingly adopted during the last years for the documentation and enhancement of Cultural Heritage, it has been possible to outline a specific methodology for the restoration works that concern the virtual anastylosis of the architectural order and the correct repositioning of the friezes, also not physically present on site. The master model, which shows the conditions of the Teatro Marittimo before the last restoration works (2017), is the result of several survey campaigns, carried out over the course of the last years, in collaboration with the Direction of the Villa. This model has become the basis for the hypothetical order reconstruction and the repositioning of the friezes, by considering their geometrical, morphological, stylistic, constructive, and figurative features. The ongoing research is in constant update, and it aims at providing methodological directions for virtual anastylosis and scientific tools, also preparatory to a real restoration work, starting from such a unique and delicate site as Villa Adriana. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Maritime Theatre is one of the iconic buildings of Hadrian's Villa, Tivoli. The state of conservation of the theatre is not only the result of weathering over time, but also due to restoration work carried out during the Fifties of the past century. Although this anastylosis process had the virtue of partially restoring a few of the fragments of the compound's original image, it now reveals diverse inconsistencies and genuine errors in the reassembling of the fragments. This study aims at carrying out a digital reinterpretation of the restoration of the architectural fragments in relation to the architectural order, with particular reference to the miscellaneous decoration of the frieze of the Teatro Marittimo (vestibule and atrium). Over the course of the last few years the Teatro Marittimo has been the target of numerous surveying campaigns using digital methodology (laser scanner and photogrammetry SfM/MVS). Starting with the study of the remains of the opus caementicium on the ground, it is possible to identify surfaces which are then used in the model for subsequent cross sections, so as to achieve the best fitting circumferences to use as reference points to put the fragments back into place. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Image-based modelling tools based on SfM algorithms gained great popularity since several software houses provided applications able to achieve 3D textured models easily and automatically. The aim of this paper is to point out the importance of controlling models parameterization process, considering that automatic solutions included in these modelling tools can produce poor results in terms of texture utilization. In order to achieve a better quality of textured models from image-based modelling applications, this research presents a series of practical strategies aimed at providing a better balance between geometric resolution of models from passive sensors and their corresponding (u,v) map reference systems. This aspect is essential for the achievement of a high-quality 3D representation, since "apparent colour" is a fundamental aspect in the field of Cultural Heritage documentation. Complex meshes without native parameterization have to be "flatten" or "unwrapped" in the (u,v) parameter space, with the main objective to be mapped with a single image. This result can be obtained by using two different strategies: the former automatic and faster, while the latter manual and time-consuming. Reverse modelling applications provide automatic solutions based on splitting the models by means of different algorithms, that produce a sort of "atlas" of the original model in the parameter space, in many instances not adequate and negatively affecting the overall quality of representation. Using in synergy different solutions, ranging from semantic aware modelling techniques to quad-dominant meshes achieved using retopology tools, it is possible to obtain a complete control of the parameterization process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: to compare the adequacy of nutritional support in surgical, medical and geriatric wards, and to assess correlates and prognostic implications of inadequate caloric intake. Design: prospective observational study. Setting: an acute-care university hospital. Patients: 370 patients over 70 years of age consecutively admitted to general surgery (n = 86), general medicine (n = 149) and geriatric (n =135) wards. Method: a multidimensional assessment was performed on admission, and the average daily caloric intake was computed. The logistic regression analysis was used to characterize patients at risk of starvation, defined as a caloric intake below 40% of the estimated requirement, and of death. Results: the average daily caloric intake, expressed as mean +/- SD, was 63 +/- 40%, 63 +/- 31% and 69 +/- 34% of that required in surgical, medical and geriatric wards, respectively. Patients at risk of starvation were identified by body mass index <22 kg/cm2 on admission [odds ratio (OR) = 1.73, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.33-2.241 and pre-admission dependency in activities of daily living (OR = 1.34, 95% CI = 1.03-1.73). Mortality was independently predicted by an actual/required caloric intake ratio below 40% in the first 3 days of stay (OR = 1.87, 95% CI = 1.21-2.85), pre-admission dependency in at least one activity of daily living (OR = 1.91, 95% CI = 1.24-2.94), lymphocytes <1000/mm3 (OR = 1.71, CI = 1.11 -2.64), albumin <3.5 g/dl (OR = 1.69, 95% CI = 1.08- 2.66). Conclusions: nutritional support to geriatric patients is frequently inadequate in both surgical and medical and geriatric wards of the acute-care hospital. Malnourished and dependent patients are at high risk of in-hospital starvation. Inadequate caloric intake is a co-contributor to the risk of hospital mortality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: To evaluate the TRT results in patients who did not complete the program, with particular reference to the timing and the reasons of their dropout. Design: retrospective case-control study with a telephone survey of 90 patients divided into three groups on the basis of the time of TRT program attendance. A group of control cases (CC) who completed with efficacy the whole TRT program was included.36 patients completed only the first phase of the TRT program (Missing group; M), 34 patients attended additional counseling for less than six months (Non-Compliant; NC), 20 patients attended counseling for more than six months but did not complete the TRT program (Compliant; C). 28 patients (CC) completed with efficacy the whole TRT program. Demographic factors and initial Tinnitus Handicap Inventory (THI) and tinnitus Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) for tinnitus score did not predict patients' dropout from the treatment. Telephonic THI and VAS were significantly lower than the initial ones in all the study groups, except for NC group. To have not shared the TRT program is a fundamental reason for TRT poor results. A single counselling can be effective also in the case the TRT program is not shared, but to follow a part of the TRT program with poor motivations and wrong expectations lead to not satisfactory results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

KEAP1 mutations have been associated with reduced survival in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), particularly in the presence of STK11 / KRAS alterations. We hypothesized that, beyond co-occurring genomic events, clonality prediction may help identify deleterious KEAP1 mutations and their counterparts with retained sensitivity to ICIs. Beta-binomial modelling of sequencing read counts was used to infer KEAP1 clonal inactivation by combined somatic mutation and loss of heterozygosity (KEAP1 C-LOH) versus partial inactivation [ KEAP1 clonal diploid-subclonal (KEAP1 CD-SC)] in the Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (MSK) MetTropism cohort (N = 2550). Clonality/LOH prediction was compared to a streamlined clinical classifier that relies on variant allele frequencies (VAFs) and tumor purity (TP) (VAF/TP ratio). The impact of this classification on survival outcomes was tested in two independent cohorts of LUAD patients treated with immunotherapy (MSK/Rome N = 237; DFCI N = 461). Immune-related features were studied by exploiting RNA-sequencing data (TCGA) and multiplexed immunofluorescence (DFCI mIF cohort). Clonality/LOH inference in the MSK MetTropism cohort overlapped with a clinical classification model defined by the VAF/TP ratio. In the ICI-treated MSK/Rome discovery cohort, predicted KEAP1 C-LOH mutations were associated with shorter progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) compared to KEAP1 wild-type cases (PFS log-rank P = 0.001; OS log-rank P < 0.001). Similar results were obtained in the DFCI validation cohort (PFS log-rank P = 0.006; OS log-rank P = 0.014). In both cohorts, we did not observe any significant difference in survival outcomes when comparing KEAP1 CD-SC and wild-type tumors. Immune deconvolution and multiplexed immunofluorescence revealed that KEAP1 C-LOH and KEAP1 CD-SC differed for immune-related features. KEAP1 C-LOH mutations are associated with an immune-excluded phenotype and worse clinical outcomes among advanced LUAD patients treated with ICIs. By contrast, survival outcomes of patients whose tumors harbored KEAP1 CD-SC mutations were similar to those with KEAP1 wild-type LUADs. • Variant allele frequency and tumor purity frame deleterious KEAP1 mutations in LUAD. • Clonal KEAP1 mutations with LOH (KEAP1 C-LOH) define a subset of LUAD patients unresponsive to immunotherapy. • Preserved immunotherapy efficacy was noticed in tumors with clonal diploid/subclonal KEAP1 mutations (KEAP1 CD-SC). • Immune-related pathways and markers were differentially represented across KEAP1 C-LOH, KEAP1 CD-SC, and wild-type tumors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]