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Evidence concerning the osteotoxic effects of chemotherapy (doxorubicin) has been previously described. Periodontitis also progressively increases in patients receiving chemotherapy; however, the beneficial effects of melatonin and metformin on the alleviation of doxorubicin-induced osteotoxicity have never been investigated. Therefore, we investigated the negative impact of doxorubicin on alveolar bone homeostasis and the benefits of melatonin and metformin on the attenuation of doxorubicin-induced alveolar bone toxicity. Male Wistar rats were divided into 4 groups to receive either 1 mL of normal saline solution as a control group, 3 mg/kg of doxorubicin, 3 mg/kg of doxorubicin plus 10 mg/kg of melatonin, or 3 mg/kg of doxorubicin plus 250 mg/kg of metformin. Doxorubicin treatment was given on days 0, 4, 8, 15, 22, and 29, while interventions were given daily on days 0 to 29. Following euthanasia, blood and alveolar bones were collected for evaluation of oxidative stress, bone remodeling, inflammation, microarchitecture, and periodontal condition. We found that doxorubicin increased systemic oxidative stress, decreased antioxidative capacity, increased inflammation, decreased bone formation, increased bone reabsorption, impaired microarchitecture, and impaired periodontal condition of the alveolar bone. Although cotreatment with melatonin or metformin resulted in some improvement in these parameters, cotreatment with melatonin was more effective than cotreatment with metformin in terms of decreasing oxidative stress, reducing bone resorption, and improving microarchitecture and periodontal condition. All of these findings highlight the potential for antioxidants, especially melatonin, to ameliorate doxorubicin-induced alveolar bone toxicity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background. The clinicians administer lumbopelvic stability test (LPST) to evaluate core stability of lumbar spine and TrA muscle function. While the reduced thickness and contraction ratio of the TrA was well documented among people with nonspecific low back pain (NSLBP), the direct morphological changes of TrA during the LPST had not been reported so far. Purpose. To determine and compare the contraction ratio of deep abdominal muscles (TrA and IO) during the 7 progressive stages of the LPST in healthy individuals. Methods. Thirty healthy volunteers (15 males and 15 females) aged 21.83 ± 0.46 years participated in an experimental study. The TrA and IO thickness was assessed by ultrasound imaging (USI) TOSHIBA, Famio8, SSA-530A) at the right side in mid axillary line between 12th rib and iliac crease. Images were taken for 2 trials during each level of LPST (7 levels) as measured by the pressure biofeedback unit (PBU). The thickness of the TrA and IO muscles were measured by Image J program (Image J®, NIH, USA) and the contraction ratio was calculated. A one way repeated measure ANOVA with post hoc analysis using the Bonferroni test at p<0.05 was used to analyse the data. Results. The contraction ratio of TrA showed a decreasing trend as the LPST was progressed to the 7 levels. Post hoc analysis showed a significant reduction in the contraction ratio of the TrA muscle in the 7th level of the LPST (F=14.53, p=0.001). However, the contraction ratio of IO remains unchanged during all the 7 levels of LPST. Conclusions. The TrA muscle responded by reduced contraction ratio across the 7 levels of the LPST as measured by the PBU and USI. Further studies are warranted to compare the adaptation of the TrA muscle across 7 levels of the LPST among patients with NSLBP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]