Search

Your search keyword '"Christof, A."' showing total 25,232 results
Start Over Author "Christof, A." Search Limiters Peer Reviewed
25,232 results on '"Christof, A."'

1. Outsourcing Humanity? ChatGPT, Critical Thinking, and the Crisis in Higher Education

Author

Christof Royer

Abstract

This article analyses ChatGPT from the perspective of the philosophy of education. It explores ChatGPT's implications for universities, focussing on the intertwined concepts of critical thinking, the crisis of higher education, and humanity. Does ChatGPT sound the death knell for critical thinking and, thus, exacerbate the oft-diagnosed 'crisis in education'? And is ChatGPT really a convenient, but dangerous, tool to outsource humanity to machines?. In addressing these questions, the article's two main arguments offer an alternative to both triumphalist and overly pessimistic narratives: first, ChatGPT can lead to a revitalisation of critical thinking in higher education. However, it arrives at this conclusion not from the triumphalist viewpoint that celebrates ChatGPT's (allegedly) limitless potential, but from the more sober perspective that ChatGPT combines remarkable strengths with considerable weaknesses and built-in limitations. Secondly, ChatGPT can prompt a return to the qualities that distinguish humans from calculating machines and (re)instate critical thinking as the pivotal virtue of higher education. The article arrives at this conclusion by rejecting the overly pessimistic concern with 'outsourcing humanity' and endorsing the idea that ChatGPT lays bare a 'crisis in education' that constitutes, simultaneously, a precious opportunity. Finally, the article stresses that this opportunity inevitably comes at a price. There will be winners and losers of the ChatGPT revolution and there is a danger that ChatGPT reintroduces elitism through the back door. One urgent task of the near future, therefore, will be to keep this danger in check.

Published
2024
Full Text
View/download PDF

2. On the Value of PHH3 for Mitotic Figure Detection on H&E-stained Images

Author

Ganz, Jonathan, Marzahl, Christian, Ammeling, Jonas, Richter, Barbara, Puget, Chloé, Denk, Daniela, Demeter, Elena A., Tabaran, Flaviu A., Wasinger, Gabriel, Lipnik, Karoline, Tecilla, Marco, Valentine, Matthew J., Dark, Michael J., Abele, Niklas, Bolfa, Pompei, Erber, Ramona, Klopfleisch, Robert, Merz, Sophie, Donovan, Taryn A., Jabari, Samir, Bertram, Christof A., Breininger, Katharina, and Aubreville, Marc

Subjects
Computer Science - Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, Quantitative Biology - Quantitative Methods
Abstract

The count of mitotic figures (MFs) observed in hematoxylin and eosin (H&E)-stained slides is an important prognostic marker as it is a measure for tumor cell proliferation. However, the identification of MFs has a known low inter-rater agreement. Deep learning algorithms can standardize this task, but they require large amounts of annotated data for training and validation. Furthermore, label noise introduced during the annotation process may impede the algorithm's performance. Unlike H&E, the mitosis-specific antibody phospho-histone H3 (PHH3) specifically highlights MFs. Counting MFs on slides stained against PHH3 leads to higher agreement among raters and has therefore recently been used as a ground truth for the annotation of MFs in H&E. However, as PHH3 facilitates the recognition of cells indistinguishable from H&E stain alone, the use of this ground truth could potentially introduce noise into the H&E-related dataset, impacting model performance. This study analyzes the impact of PHH3-assisted MF annotation on inter-rater reliability and object level agreement through an extensive multi-rater experiment. We found that the annotators' object-level agreement increased when using PHH3-assisted labeling. Subsequently, MF detectors were evaluated on the resulting datasets to investigate the influence of PHH3-assisted labeling on the models' performance. Additionally, a novel dual-stain MF detector was developed to investigate the interpretation-shift of PHH3-assisted labels used in H&E, which clearly outperformed single-stain detectors. However, the PHH3-assisted labels did not have a positive effect on solely H&E-based models. The high performance of our dual-input detector reveals an information mismatch between the H&E and PHH3-stained images as the cause of this effect., Comment: 10 pages, 5 figures, 1 Table

Published
2024
Full Text
View/download PDF

3. AlN/Si interface engineering to mitigate RF losses in MOCVD grown GaN-on-Si substrates

Author

Cardinael, Pieter, Yadav, Sachin, Hahn, Herwig, Zhao, Ming, Banerjee, Sourish, Esfeh, Babak Kazemi, Mauder, Christof, Sullivan, Barry O, Peralagu, Uthayasankaran, Vohra, Anurag, Langer, Robert, Collaert, Nadine, Parvais, Bertrand, and Raskin, Jean-Pierre

Subjects
Physics - Applied Physics
Abstract

Fabrication of low-RF loss GaN-on-Si HEMT stacks is critical to enable competitive front-end-modules for 5G and 6G applications. The main contribution to RF losses is the interface between the III-N layer and the HR Si wafer, more specifically the AlN/Si interface. At this interface, a parasitic surface conduction layer exists in Si, which decreases the substrate effective resistivity sensed by overlying circuitry below the nominal Si resistivity. However, a clear understanding of this interface with control of the parasitic channel is lacking. In this letter, a detailed physical and electrical description of MOCVD-grown AlN/Si structures is presented. The presence of a $\text{SiC}_\text{x}\text{N}_\text{y}$ interfacial layer is revealed and its importance for RF losses is shown. Through C-V and I-V characterisation, an increase in the C concentration of this interfacial layer is linked to the formation of negative charge at the AlN/Si interface, which counteracts the positive charge present in the 0-predose limit. The variation of TMAl predose is shown to allow precise tuning of the C composition and, consequently, the resulting interface charge. Notably, a linear relationship between predose and net interface charge is observed and confirmed by the fabrication of an AlN/Si sample with close to zero net charge. In addition, a higher $D_{it}$ ($\sim 2\times 10^{12}$ cm$^\text{-2}$) for such compensated samples is observed and can contribute to low RF loss. An exceptionally high effective resistivity of above 8 k$\Omega\cdot$cm is achieved, corresponding to an RF loss below 0.3 dB/mm at 10 GHz., Comment: The following article has been accepted for publication in Applied Physics Letters. After it is published, it will be found at https://pubs.aip.org/aip/apl

Published
2024
Full Text
View/download PDF

7. Allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation for therapy-related myeloid neoplasms arising following treatment for multiple myeloma: a retrospective study on behalf of the Chronic Malignancies Working Party of the EBMT

Author

Raj, Kavita, Eikema, Diderik-Jan, Lawless, Sarah, Koster, Linda, Kunadt, Desiree, Kröger, Nicolaus, Platzbecker, Uwe, Stelljes, Matthias, Bethge, Wolfgang, Holderried, Tobias, Fanin, Renato, Zeiser, Robert, Kuball, Jürgen, Leblond, Véronique, Nicholson, Emma, Passweg, Jakob, Potter, Victoria, Bay, Jacques-Olivier, Bazarbachi, Ali, Corral, Lucía López, Gurnari, Carmelo, Scheid, Christof, Drozd-Sokolowska, Joanna, Morris, Treen Curly, Hayden, Patrick, Yakoub-Agha, Ibrahim, Robin, Marie, and McLornan, Donal P.

Published
2024
Full Text
View/download PDF

18. Current density functional framework for spin-orbit coupling: Extension to periodic systems

Author

Franzke, Yannick J. and Holzer, Christof

Subjects
Physics - Chemical Physics, Condensed Matter - Materials Science
Abstract

Spin-orbit coupling induces a current density in the ground state, which consequently requires a generalization for meta-generalized gradient approximations. That is, the exchange-correlation energy has to be constructed as an explicit functional of the current density and a generalized kinetic energy density has to be formed to satisfy theoretical constraints. Herein, we generalize our previously presented formalism of spin-orbit current density functional theory [Holzer et al., J. Chem. Phys. 157, 204102 (2022)] to non-magnetic and magnetic periodic systems of arbitrary dimension. Besides the ground-state exchange-correlation potential, analytical derivatives such as geometry gradients and stress tensors are implemented. The importance of the current density is assessed for band gaps, lattice constants, magnetic transitions, and Rashba splittings. For the latter, the impact of the current density may be larger than the deviation between different density functional approximations.

Published
2024
Full Text
View/download PDF

19. On the Boolean Closure of Deterministic Top-Down Tree Automata

Author

Löding, Christof and Thomas, Wolfgang

Subjects
Computer Science - Formal Languages and Automata Theory, F.4.3, F.1.1
Abstract

The class of Boolean combinations of tree languages recognized by deterministic top-down tree automata (also known as deterministic root-to-frontier automata) is studied. The problem of determining for a given regular tree language whether it belongs to this class is open. We provide some progress by two results: First, a characterization of this class by a natural extension of deterministic top-down tree automata is presented, and as an application we obtain a convenient method to show that certain regular tree languages are outside this class. In the second result, it is shown that, for fixed $k$, it is decidable whether a regular tree language is a Boolean combination of $k$ tree languages recognized by deterministic top-down tree automata., Comment: This is a preprint of a paper published in a special issue dedicated to the memory of Magnus Steinby in the International Journal of Foundations of Computer Science. Compared to the published journal version, reference [8] has been added in a comment at the end of the introduction

Published
2024
Full Text
View/download PDF

20. Deep Learning model predicts the c-Kit-11 mutational status of canine cutaneous mast cell tumors by HE stained histological slides

Author

Puget, Chloé, Ganz, Jonathan, Ostermaier, Julian, Konrad, Thomas, Parlak, Eda, Bertram, Christof Albert, Kiupel, Matti, Breininger, Katharina, Aubreville, Marc, and Klopfleisch, Robert

Subjects
Quantitative Biology - Biomolecules, Computer Science - Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, Computer Science - Machine Learning, J.3
Abstract

Numerous prognostic factors are currently assessed histopathologically in biopsies of canine mast cell tumors to evaluate clinical behavior. In addition, PCR analysis of the c-Kit exon 11 mutational status is often performed to evaluate the potential success of a tyrosine kinase inhibitor therapy. This project aimed at training deep learning models (DLMs) to identify the c-Kit-11 mutational status of MCTs solely based on morphology without additional molecular analysis. HE slides of 195 mutated and 173 non-mutated tumors were stained consecutively in two different laboratories and scanned with three different slide scanners. This resulted in six different datasets (stain-scanner variations) of whole slide images. DLMs were trained with single and mixed datasets and their performances was assessed under scanner and staining domain shifts. The DLMs correctly classified HE slides according to their c-Kit 11 mutation status in, on average, 87% of cases for the best-suited stain-scanner variant. A relevant performance drop could be observed when the stain-scanner combination of the training and test dataset differed. Multi-variant datasets improved the average accuracy but did not reach the maximum accuracy of algorithms trained and tested on the same stain-scanner variant. In summary, DLM-assisted morphological examination of MCTs can predict c-Kit-exon 11 mutational status of MCTs with high accuracy. However, the recognition performance is impeded by a change of scanner or staining protocol. Larger data sets with higher numbers of scans originating from different laboratories and scanners may lead to more robust DLMs to identify c-Kit mutations in HE slides., Comment: 17 pages, 3 figures, 4 tables

Published
2024
Full Text
View/download PDF

27. Reduced intensity versus myeloablative conditioning for MDS: long-term results of an EBMT phase III study (RICMAC)

Author

Niederwieser, Christian, Iacobelli, Simona, Franke, Georg-Nikolaus, Koster, Linda, van Os, Marleen, Platzbecker, Uwe, Hübel, Kai, Scheid, Christof, Müller, Lutz Peter, Stelljes, Matthias, Morozova, Elena, Passweg, Jakob, Onida, Francesco, Dreger, Peter, Saccardi, Riccardo, Ladetto, Marco, Salmenniemi, Urpu, Bethge, Wolfgang, Poiré, Xavier, Kobbe, Guido, McLornan, Donal P., Robin, Marie, and Kröger, Nicolaus

Published
2024
Full Text
View/download PDF

31. Optimizing resource allocation: Cost-effectiveness of specified D-dimer cut-offs in cancer patients with suspected venous thromboembolism

Author

Biciusca, Teodora, Gruenewald, Leon D., Martin, Simon S., Gotta, Jennifer, Mahmoudi, Scherwin, Eichler, Katrin, Booz, Christian, Salbach, Christian, Müller-Hennessen, Matthias, Biener, Moritz, Yildirim, Mustafa, Milles, Barbara, Sommer, Christof M., Vogl, Thomas J., Giannitsis, Evangelos, and Koch, Vitali

Published
2024
Full Text
View/download PDF

35. CD8+ CD28− regulatory T cells after induction therapy predict progression-free survival in myeloma patients: results from the GMMG-HD6 multicenter phase III study

Author

Kriegsmann, Katharina, Ton, Gigi Nu Hoang Quy, Awwad, Mohamed H. S., Benner, Axel, Bertsch, Uta, Besemer, Britta, Hänel, Mathias, Fenk, Roland, Munder, Markus, Dürig, Jan, Blau, Igor W., Huhn, Stefanie, Hose, Dirk, Jauch, Anna, Mann, Christoph, Weinhold, Niels, Scheid, Christof, Schroers, Roland, von Metzler, Ivana, Schieferdecker, Aneta, Thomalla, Jörg, Reimer, Peter, Mahlberg, Rolf, Graeven, Ullrich, Kremers, Stephan, Martens, Uwe M., Kunz, Christian, Hensel, Manfred, Seidel-Glätzer, Andrea, Weisel, Katja C., Salwender, Hans J., Müller-Tidow, Carsten, Raab, Marc S., Goldschmidt, Hartmut, Mai, Elias K., and Hundemer, Michael

Published
2024
Full Text
View/download PDF

43. Diffuse pediatric high-grade glioma of methylation-based RTK2A and RTK2B subclasses present distinct radiological and histomolecular features including Gliomatosis cerebri phenotype

Author

Tauziède-Espariat, Arnault, Friker, Lea L., Nussbaumer, Gunther, Bison, Brigitte, Dangouloff-Ros, Volodia, Métais, Alice, Sumerauer, David, Zamecnik, Josef, Benesch, Martin, Perwein, Thomas, van Vuurden, Dannis, Wesseling, Pieter, La Madrid, Andrés Morales, Garrè, Maria Luisa, Antonelli, Manila, Giangaspero, Felice, Pietsch, Torsten, Sturm, Dominik, Jones, David T. W., Pfister, Stefan M., Grabovska, Yura, Mackay, Alan, Jones, Chris, Grill, Jacques, Ajlil, Yassine, von Bueren, André O., Karremann, Michael, Hoffmann, Marion, Kramm, Christof M., Kwiecien, Robert, Castel, David, Gielen, Gerrit H., and Varlet, Pascale

Published
2024
Full Text
View/download PDF

48. Long-term survival following anti-PD-(L)1 monotherapy in advanced urothelial cancer and an assessment of potential prognostic clinical factors: a multicentre observational study

Author

Stockem, Chantal F., Einerhand, Sarah M. H., Rodríguez, Isabel Miras, Salhi, Youssra, Pérez, Esther, Bakaloudi, Dimitra R., Talukder, Rafee, Caramelo, Belen, Morales-Barrera, Rafael, De Meulenaere, Astrid, Rametta, Alessandro, Bottelli, Andrea, Lefort, Felix, Giannatempo, Patrizia, Vulsteke, Christof, Carles, Joan, Duran, Ignacio, Grivas, Petros, de Liaño, Alfonso Gómez, Robbrecht, Debbie G. J., Valderrama, Begoña P., van der Noort, Vincent, and van der Heijden, Michiel S.

Published
2024
Full Text
View/download PDF

49. Information mismatch in PHH3-assisted mitosis annotation leads to interpretation shifts in H&E slide analysis

Author

Ganz, Jonathan, Marzahl, Christian, Ammeling, Jonas, Rosbach, Emely, Richter, Barbara, Puget, Chloé, Denk, Daniela, Demeter, Elena A., Tăbăran, Flaviu A., Wasinger, Gabriel, Lipnik, Karoline, Tecilla, Marco, Valentine, Matthew J., Dark, Michael J., Abele, Niklas, Bolfa, Pompei, Erber, Ramona, Klopfleisch, Robert, Merz, Sophie, Donovan, Taryn A., Jabari, Samir, Bertram, Christof A., Breininger, Katharina, and Aubreville, Marc

Published
2024
Full Text
View/download PDF

Catalog

Books, media, physical & digital resources
See catalog results