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We present for the first time an experimental study on the droplet deformation induced by an AC electric field in droplet-based microfluidics. It is found that the deformation of the droplets becomes stronger with increasing electric field intensity and frequency. The measured electric field intensity dependence of the droplet deformation is consistent with an early theoretical prediction for stationary droplets. We also proposed a simple equivalent circuit model to account for the frequency dependence of the droplet deformation. The model well explains our experimental observations. In addition, we found that the droplets can be deformed repeatedly by applying an amplitude modulation (AM) signal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The reliable generation of micron-sized droplets is an important process for various applications in droplet-based microfluidics. The generated droplets work as a self-contained reaction platform in droplet-based lab-on-a-chip systems. With the maturity of this platform technology, sophisticated and delicate control of the droplet generation process is needed to address increasingly complex applications. This review presents the state of the art of active droplet generation concepts, which are categorized according to the nature of the induced energy. At the liquid/liquid interface, an energy imbalance leads to instability and droplet breakup. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we present a multivehicle cooperative driving system architecture using cooperative perception along with experimental validation. For this goal, we first propose a multimodal cooperative perception system that provides see-through, lifted-seat, satellite and all-around views to drivers. Using the extended range information from the system, we then realize cooperative driving by a see-through forward collision warning, overtaking/lane-changing assistance, and automated hidden obstacle avoidance. We demonstrate the capabilities and features of our system through real-world experiments using four vehicles on the road. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

This paper reports a method to control the bubble size generated in a microfluidic flow-focusing configuration. With an ultrasonic transducer, we induce acoustic streaming using a forward moving, oscillating gas–liquid interface. The induced streaming substantially affects the formation process of gas bubbles. The oscillating interface acts as a pump that increases the gas flow rate significantly and forms a larger bubble. This method is applicable to a wide range of gas pressure from 30 to 90 kPa and flow rate from 380 to 2700 μL h−1. The bubble size can be tuned repeatedly with the response time on the order of seconds. We believe that this method will enhance the capability of a microfluidic bubble generator to produce a tunable bubble size. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]