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Abstract Background Though obesity is associated with some malignancies, its association with cervical cancer is still inconclusive. This study was aimed at determining if there was an association between obesity and cervical epithelial cell abnormalities (CEA). Methods This was a cross-sectional comparative study of obese and non-obese women at the Cervical Cancer Screening Clinic, University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital (UNTH), Enugu between January, 2012 and June, 2013. The participants whose body mass index (BMI) were ≥ 30 kg/m2 were classified as obese (200 women) while those whose BMI were

Introduction: Routine urinary catheterisation during elective caesarean section is a common practice. However, this practice involves some urinary bladder morbidities. Aim: To determine the effect of non-catheterisation of the urinary bladder on the incidence of significant bacteriuria and other perioperative urinary bladder morbidities during elective caesarean section in Enugu, Nigeria. Materials and Methods: A multicentre, non-inferiority randomised controlled study was conducted. The study centres were the University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital (UNTH), Mother of Christ Specialist Hospital (MOCSH), and Blessed Assurance Specialist Hospital (BASH), all in Enugu State, Southeast Nigeria. A total of 264 eligible consenting term pregnant women who had a caesarean section in these three specialist centres in Enugu, Nigeria over a one-year period were recruited and they completed the study and their results were analysed. Study group (A) did not receive urethral catheterisation while the control group (B) had urethral catheterisation on the operating table and the catheters were removed 24 hours after the surgery. Clean catched urine samples were collected from each participant 72 hours after the surgery for urine microscopy and culture. The primary outcome measure was the incidence of significant bacteriuria 72 hours postoperatively while the secondary outcome measures included incidence of intraoperative bladder injury (accidental cystostomy), primary postpartum haemorrhage and urinary retention. Results: Nine (6.8%) women in the non-catheter group (n=132) had significant bacteriuria as against 17 (12.9%) women in the catheter group (n=132), (Relative Risk (RR)=0.5 (95% CI: 0.24-1.14) p-value=0.098). Urinary retention was observed in 10.6% (14/132) of the non-catheter group while there was no case of urinary retention in the control group (p

Introduction: Cervical cancer is a leading cause of cancer-related mortality in Sub-Saharan Africa. Although the disease is largely preventable via routine cervical cancer screening, the uptake is ridiculously poor in the sub-region. In Nigeria, current efforts are directed at counselling and screening of eligible women in health care facilities. Therefore, the routine post-natal clinic visit at six weeks postpartum provides a good opportunity to offer cervical cancer screening services. Aim: To compare the acceptability of Pap-test and prevalence of abnormal cervical cytology between post-natal clinic attendees and other non-pregnant women at the University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital Enugu, Nigeria. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional analytical study was conducted from January to November 2014 in which acceptability and Pap-test results of 172 women attending the post-natal clinic were compared with an equal number of non-pregnant women from gynaecology and family planning clinics of the hospital. Both groups were selected by systematic sampling method. Outcome measures for each group included the prevalence of abnormal Pap-test and the proportion of women that accepted the Pap-test after appropriate cervical cancer education. Statistical analyses were both descriptive and inferential at 95% confidence level. Results: Prior to the study, 44.2% (76/172) of participants in postpartum group, and 47.7% (82/172) in control group were aware of Pap-test (p=0.473); while 9.3% (16/172) and 10.5% (18/172) had used Pap-test in the two groups respectively (p=0.718). All participants in each group accepted the Pap-test after cervical cancer education. Prevalence of cervical Squamous Intraepithelial Lesion (SIL) in the postpartum group was similar to that of the control group (OR: 1.8; 95%CI: 0.75-4.10; p=0.21). The most common SIL in both groups was low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion. There was no statistically significant difference in the distribution of SIL categories (p>0.05). Conclusion: Acceptability and outcome of Pap-test are similar in post-natal and non-pregnant women in Enugu, Nigeria. Post-natal clinic visit provides an effective opportunity for routine cervical cancer information and screening in Nigeria.

Introduction: Intrauterine Device (IUD) is a contraceptive method used by women of reproductive age group. However, there are conflicting reports on the association between IUD and cervical neoplasia. These controversies may further hamper the poor uptake of modern contraception in Nigeria. Aim: This study was therefore aimed at evaluating the association between IUD and cervical neoplasia. Materials and Methods: This was a case control study in which Pap smear results of 156 participants on IUD were compared with those of 156 non-users of modern contraception. The participants who were found to have abnormal cervical smear cytology results were further subjected to colposcopy. Biopsy specimens for histology were collected from the participants with obvious cervical lesions or those with suspicious lesions on colposcopy. The results were analysed with descriptive and inferential statistics at 95% level of confidence. Results: Seven (4.5%) and 2(1.3%) of participants using IUD had Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia (CIN) 1 and CIN 2 respectively. Also, 5(3.2%) and 1(0.6%) of non-users of modern contraception had CIN 1 and CIN 2 respectively. The prevalence of cervical neoplasia among all the participants was 4.8%. Although, the proportion of women who had CIN was more among participants using IUD than non-users of modern contraception, the difference was not statistically significant. Conclusion: There was no significant association between IUD and cervical neoplasia in this study.