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Abstract Previous studies have shown that podocyte injury is involved in the development of proteinuria in rats under hypobaric hypoxia conditions. Prolyl hydroxylase inhibitors (PHIs) may reduce proteinuria. This study aimed to further investigate whether the protective effects of hypoxia‐inducible factor 1α (HIF1α) on podocyte injury induced by hypobaric hypoxia are related to Krüppel‐like factor 4 (KLF4). Rats were housed in a low‐pressure oxygen chamber to simulate a high‐altitude environment (5000 m), and a PHI was intraperitoneally injected. Urinary protein electrophoresis was performed and the morphology of the podocytes was observed by electron microscopy. Rat podocytes were cultured under 1% O2, and siRNA was used to interfere with KLF4 expression. The protein expression levels of HIF1α, KLF4, CD2‐associated protein (CD2AP) and nephrin were determined by western blotting. Compared with those in the experimental group, the rats in the intervention group on day 14 had lower urinary protein levels, increased protein expression levels of CD2AP and nephrin, and reduced podocyte injury. The results of in vitro experiments showed that the protein expression levels of KLF4, CD2AP and nephrin were greater in the PHI intervention group and lower in the HIF1α inhibitors group than in the low‐oxygen group. The protein expression of CD2AP and nephrin in the siKLF4‐transfected podocytes treated with PHI and HIF1α inhibitors did not differ significantly from that in the low‐oxygen group. HIF1α may be involved in reducing progressive high‐altitude proteinuria by regulating KLF4 expression and contributing to the repair of podocyte injury induced by hypobaric hypoxia.

Abstract Magnetic skyrmions are topological spin textures that are regarded as promising information carriers for next-generation spintronic memory and computing devices. For practical applications, their deterministic generation, manipulation, and efficient detection are the most critical aspects. Although the generation and manipulation of skyrmions have been extensively studied, efficient electrical detection of mobile skyrmions by using techniques that are compatible with modern magnetic memory technology, remains to be adequately addressed. Here, through integrating magnetic multilayers that host nanoscale skyrmions, together with the magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJ), we demonstrate the electrical detection of skyrmions by using the tunneling magnetoresistance (TMR) effect with a TMR ratio that reaches over 100% at room temperature. By building prototype three-terminal racetrack-like devices, we further show the electrical detection of mobile skyrmions by recording the time-dependent TMR ratios. Along with many recent developments, our results could advance the development of skyrmionic memory and logic devices.

Abstract Frequency combs, specialized laser sources emitting multiple equidistant frequency lines, have revolutionized science and technology with unprecedented precision and versatility. Recently, integrated frequency combs are emerging as scalable solutions for on-chip photonics. Here, we demonstrate a fully integrated superconducting microcomb that is easy to manufacture, simple to operate, and consumes ultra-low power. Our turnkey apparatus comprises a basic nonlinear superconducting device, a Josephson junction, directly coupled to a superconducting microstrip resonator. We showcase coherent comb generation through self-started mode-locking. Therefore, comb emission is initiated solely by activating a DC bias source, with power consumption as low as tens of picowatts. The resulting comb spectrum resides in the microwave domain and spans multiple octaves. The linewidths of all comb lines can be narrowed down to 1 Hz through a unique coherent injection-locking technique. Our work represents a critical step towards fully integrated microwave photonics and offers the potential for integrated quantum processors.

Boiler soot blower can effectively realize the removal of the accumulated ash inside the boiler, improve the operating efficiency of the boiler, which is of great significance to the safe operation of the boilerSPG-type surge soot blower is a new type of high-performance soot blower with a closed-port system which is developed on the basis of the traditional surge soot blowers.The use of numerical methods to validate the feasibility and analyze the working characteristics of this device can provide a reference for the practical application and improvement. Based on CFD technology, the SPG-type surge soot blower is taken as the research object, and the real movement process of the piston inside the device is simulated using dynamic mesh technology, and the dynamic process of continuous change of the flow field inside the SPG-type surge soot blower is simulated and calculated using Fluent software, and the structural parameters of the nozzle, the combustion chamber, and the pressure accumulator are adjusted, so as to obtain the influence law of changes in structural parameters of each component on the exhaust characteristics by monitoring at the outlet. By adjusting the structural parameters of the nozzle, combustion chamber and pressure accumulator, the structural parameters of each component are monitored at the outlet to obtain the influence law of the change on the exhaust characteristics and the working characteristics. The results show that: when the nozzle L/D ratio is increased from 2 to 4, the peak value of the outlet parameter shows a hysteresis phenomenon, but the peak value of the pressure and the peak value of the velocity get a significant increase, and the expansion loss can be reduced by changing the expansion section of the nozzle to a straight one, so it is a better solution to increase the nozzle L/D ratio appropriately and connect the straight pipe directly; the shortening of the spacing between radial and axial wall surfaces of the combustion chamber can increase the peak value of the outlet pressure, but the increase of the peak value of the pressure can be greater by shortening the axial distance. The increase in peak pressure is greater; in the pressure accumulator, removing the damping device increases the pressure less, and cannot slow down the piston reset, so that the discharge gas is reduced, and after removing the restrictor, the nozzle outlet pressure is greatly increased, but its peak duration becomes shorter.

Objective To summarize the research trends and hotspots of patient reported outcome measurement information system (PROMIS). Methods China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) and PubMed databases were systematically searched, Bicomb 2.0 software was used for data sorting and cleaning, keywords were extracted, word frequency analysis was performed on high-frequency fields, and co-word matrix was constructed. SPSS 24.0 was used for co-word clustering analysis to summarize and explore research trends and hotspots. Results The hot topic clusters of the PROMIS were patient reported outcome measures, quality of life, symptoms and psychological variables assessment. Conclusion PROMIS has become a hot issue in the field of patient health level and care quality. Future studies tend to use consensus-based health measurement tools to conduct the measurement test of PROMIS, build a systematic clinical interpretation system, and then promote its transformation and application in clinical practice.

To investigate Gyrodactylus infection of fish in the river system of Xinjiang (China), Gyrodactylus individuals were isolated from specimens of Diptychus maculatus. Morphological characterization and phylogenetic analysis based on ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 rDNA locus revealed that the gyrodactylids belong to new species. Gyrodactylus diptychi n. sp. differs significantly in the morphology of the haptoral structures from 12 known species of Gyrodactylus found in fishes of the subfamily Schizothoracinae. In particular, G. diptychi n. sp. has a relatively short dorsal bar with thick and large ends, flat and straight hamuli roots, and small ventral bar processes. Furthermore, G. diptychi n. sp. is the only representative of Gyrodactylus found on D. maculatus. Using the BLASTn search of ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 rDNA sequences in GenBank and the Bayesian Information and Maximum Likelihood methods, we constructed phylogenetic trees for G. diptychi n. sp. As a result, our studies clearly identified that G. diptychi n. sp. was the first Gyrodactylus monogenean isolated from D. maculatus and a new species belonged to the subgenus Limnonephrotus.

Yili River system hosts a diverse fauna of fishes and parasites. Gymnodiptychus dybowskii is a rare and endangered aboriginal cold-water fish inhabit in the Yili river system. Our research identified a new species Gyrodactylus gymnodiptychi n. sp. isolated from G. dybowskii in the Kunes River (Yili River, China). Morphological comparison revealed identifiable differences between the new species and other parasites, including Gyrodactylus aksuensis, and Gyrodactylus tokobaevi, which are two known parasites living in G. dybowskii inhabit in the Aksu River west of Frunze (Kyrgyzstan), as well as Gyrodactylus montanus living in Shizothorax intermedius inhabited in the Tadzhikistan or Uzbekistan. Especially, the dorsal bar of G. gymnodiptychi n. sp. was raised at both ends with a hollow, and its hamulus roots were curved inward. The BLASTN search of GenBank did not detect any other ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 rDNA sequences same as G. gymnodiptychi's. Using the Bayesian Information and Maximum Likelihood methods to analyze the ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 rDNA gene sequences, we constructed phylogenetic trees for G. gymnodiptychi n. sp. Accordingly, our morphological and molecular research indicated that G. gymnodiptychi n. sp. was not only a new species of parasites but also the first Gyrodactylus member identified in the Yili River in China.