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Integrated energy systems （IES）， characterized by multi-energy complementarity， can enhance energy utilization and improve economic efficiency through effective scheduling. To achieve optimal scheduling for IES， the energy characteristics of heating and cooling system networks are considered， and an energy transport model for these systems is developed. By leveraging the flexibility of heating and cooling loads and the energy storage properties of the thermal networks’ working medium， a virtual energy storage model for the IES， integrating cooling， heating， and power systems， is developed. The heating and cooling systems are integrated as scheduling resources in the system’s optimal operation， with the objective of minimizing daily operational costs. An optimal scheduling method for IES， considering virtual energy storage， is proposed to achieve energy complementarity among the systems. Simulation results demonstrate that this method effectively balances the mismatch between output and load using the virtual energy storage system， responds proactively to time-of-use tariffs， reduces the peak-valley difference in purchased electricity， and significantly lowers the system’s economic costs.

Septic Cardiomyopathy (SCM) is a syndrome of acute cardiac dysfunction in septic patients, unrelated to cardiac ischemia. Multiomics studies including transcriptomics and proteomics have provided new insights into the mechanisms of SCM. In here, a rat model of SCM was established by intraperitoneal injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Biomarkers of SCM were characterized via a multi-omics analysis. The differentially expressed (DE) mRNAs predominantly appeared in pathways linked to the immune response, inflammatory response, and the complement and coagulation cascades, while DE proteins were mainly enriched in pathways associated with the complement and coagulation cascades. On this basis, the integrated analysis was performed between transcriptome and proteome. The potential biomarkers were further verified by RT-qPCR and WB. The current proteotranscriptomic research has furnished a valuable dataset and fresh perspectives that will enhance our comprehension of the development of SCM. This, in turn, is expected to expedite the formulation of novel approaches for the prevention and management of SCM in patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Because the global climate change intensifies as well as the natural disasters frequently occur, extreme events have caused serious impacts on the energy system in urban areas, and at the same time, they have brought great challenges to the supply and scheduling of urban energy systems. Therefore, in order to better integrate and manage various energy resources in urban areas, a Deep Q-Leaning Network-Quasi Upper Confidence Bound model is innovatively constructed using deep reinforcement learning technology to learn the state and behavior mapping relationship of energy system. Use deep learning to fit complex nonlinear models to optimize the entire energy system. Compare and verify the experiment with the real energy system. The improved Deep reinforcement learning algorithm is compared with Q-learning model, PDWoLF PHC algorithm model, Quasi Upper Confidence Bound algorithm model and deep Q-Leaning Network algorithm model. The results show that the research algorithm has the smallest instantaneous error value and absolute value of frequency deviation for area control, and the average value of the research algorithm in the absolute value of the frequency deviation is reduced by 45%–73% compared to other algorithms; over time, the unit output power of the research algorithm is able to flexibly track the stochastic square wave loads. Therefore, the proposed system strategies can provide feasible solutions to meet the challenges of extreme events and promote the sustainable development and safe operation of urban energy systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the development of the economy, people's demand for green energy has increased significantly. However, the traditional single fossil energy supply system cannot meet the needs of low-carbon. Therefore, this study employs energy hub to establish a multi-energy flow network that enables the integration of carbon flow within the network. Additionally, by utilizing the multi-energy flow trend, a carbon flow tracking method is adopted to achieve real-time carbon flow calculation. Results show that this network calculates the electricity cost of 20043 yuan, gas cost of 67253 yuan, and carbon emission cost of 3152 yuan. Compared with the traditional energy flow system, gas cost is reduced by 4.3% and 1.7%, electricity cost by 21.3% and 15.0%, and carbon emission cost by 8.7% and 6.6%. The two-way sharing carbon flow calculation model calculates that the user side and power supply side of the node each bear half of the network loss, proving two-way sharing effectiveness. Test results on IEEE5 machine 14-node system show that the calculation method can accurately find high-emission and low-emission areas, making the carbon emission allocation between power generation and user more fair and reasonable. This research can effectively reduce emissions cost, accurately calculate emissions flow in real time, and facilitate reasonable emission reduction planning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Day-ahead scheduling strategy is an effective way to improve the renewable energy accommodation. To increase the renewable energy accommodation in the regional power grids, reduce the total costs of the power system, and improve the supply reliability of the power system, this research suggests a multi-time-scale "source-storage-load" coordinated dispatching strategy that considers the distribution and characteristics of pumped energy storage and loss of the network. Taking the wind curtailment penalty costs, the system operating costs, and the load loss penalty costs as the objective functions, a day-ahead coordinated scheduling strategy for source storage and load considering demand response and lines loss is established. Finally, the commercial software package CPLEX is called through the MATLAB platform to complete the optimization of mixed integer programming. Simulation results shows that the proposed scheduling strategy could build the power generation plant, effectively adjust the output power of pumped storage, and regulate the assumption of translationable load and transferable load. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The heat source tower heat pump system is widely used in large and medium-sized air conditioning systems due to its good energy-saving advantages. However, there is no relatively reasonable evaluation system for the applicability of heat source tower heat pumps due to significant regional climate differences. Therefore, in order to better comprehensively evaluate the applicability of the heat source tower heat pump system, a comprehensive evaluation index system for the applicability of the heat source tower heat pump system was first constructed. On the basis of this evaluation index, an applicability evaluation model based on backpropagation neural network is constructed. In response to the slow convergence speed and susceptibility to local values in the application process of this evaluation model, particle swarm optimization algorithm is used to improve it. A comprehensive evaluation model for the applicability of heat source tower heat pumps based on improved backpropagation neural networks has been constructed. For the evaluation model constructed in the study, experimental data from four different regions were selected for validation. The experimental results show that in the training set, the F-Measure value of the evaluation model reaches 0.949, and in the test set, the F-Measure value of the model reaches 0.973. The comprehensive evaluation data from four regions indicate that the heat source tower heat pump system can achieve different heating and cooling effects in different regions. This indicates that the proposed comprehensive evaluation model for the applicability of heat source tower heat pumps based on this improved method has good evaluation results. It can conduct a good analysis of the applicability of the heat source tower heat pump system, providing effective support for developing reasonable and energy-saving refrigeration and heating methods in different regions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Blockchain is an important part of the new generation of information technology. It is a new database software integrated with distributed network, encryption technology, smart contract and other technologies. Over the past decade, blockchain technology has had a wide impact on a global scale. Today's blockchain technology has shifted from its initial focus on the decentralization of cryptocurrency and payment to the decentralization of the market. The emergence of smart contract makes the decentralized finance (De-Fi) based on blockchain technology enter a state of rapid development, and various auction scenarios in the context of blockchain also emerge. From the perspective of mechanism design, this paper is the first to summarize and analyze the auction mechanisms on the blockchain in recent years by taking the transaction fee mechanism, NFT auction and MEV auction as the main objects. In addition, we also highlight the challenges and the open problems of the auction mechanism design, based on the characteristics of blockchain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The energy consumption of data center cooling systems accounts for a large proportion of total energy consumption. The optimization of airflow organization is one of the most important methods to improve the energy efficiency of cooling systems. The adjustment scale of many current air flow organization methods, however, is too large and does not support the data center's refined operation. In this paper, a new type of air supply terminal device is proposed, and it could adaptively adjust according to the power of servers in the rack for cold air redistribution. In addition, the corresponding regulation strategy is proposed. A CFD model is established according to field investigation of a real data center in Shanghai to investigate the adjustment range and the energy saving potential of the device. The simulation results indicate that the device can suppress the local hot spots caused by excessive server power to some extent and greatly improve the uniformity of servers exhaust temperature. The case study shows that the device can save energy consumption by 20.1% and 4.2% in mitigating local hot spots compared with reducing supply air temperature and increasing supply air flowrate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Formaldehyde is one of the most common indoor air pollutants in Chinese residences. This study introduces a novel laminated plate with adjustable surface temperature to remove gaseous formaldehyde. The plate is fabricated with activated carbon, polyimide, and copper foil via thermal compression. The plate can be regenerated in situ by applying a direct current to the copper foil. Adsorption‐regeneration cycle tests were conducted to evaluate the plate's formaldehyde removal performance. The overall removal efficiency of the fabricated laminated plate with glue mass fraction of 25% and thickness of 1.5 mm was about 30% at the face velocity of 0.8‐1.2 m/s. The pressure drop was about 5 Pa. Its removal ability can be regenerated in situ in 8 minutes by increasing the surface temperature to 80°C. The fabricated laminated plate showed good durability after 52 cycles of adsorption‐regeneration tests. The results indicate that the proposed laminated plate can enhance the purifying efficiency and enlarge the life span of ordinary, cheap sorbents. It makes cheap materials with low performance suitable for air purification. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Computational modelling provides a powerful tool for predicting the possibility of a reaction and permits an important quantitative evaluation of the chemo‐ and enantioselectivities in reactions. Here we present the results of DFT calculations of the chemo‐ and enantioselectivities of the 1,4‐addition of phenylboronic acid to β,γ‐unsaturated α‐ketoamides or α‐ketoesters catalyzed by Rh ligated to a sulfinyl‐phosphine ligand. For the three substrates studied, the predicted chemoselectivity and absolute configuration agree with experimental observations. The ee values calculated at the SMD/M06/DGDZVP level of theory were more accurate than those determined by the IEFPCM/PBE0/DGDZVP method. The high steric pressure exercised by the tBu and diphenylphosphine groups are the origin of the chemo‐ and enantioselectivities of the 1,4‐addition reactions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objectives] The paper was to provide background information for ongoing research on relationship between smell and behavior of the green lacewing Chrysopa pallens (Rambur) (Neuroplera: Chrysopidae). [Methods] The submicroscopic structure of antennal sensilla of C. pallens was examined using scanning electron microscopy. [Results] Antennae of female and male C. pallens were linear in shape and (1.52 ± 0.08 ) and (1.58 ± 0.23 ) cm in length, respectively. The scape and pedicel were composed of single sub-segment, while the flagellum consisted of 116 sub-segments, on which most sensilla distributed. The flagella of female and male antennae were (1.44 ± 0.04) and (1.47 ±0.13) cm in length, respectively. Nine morphological sensilla types were recorded in both sexes, including four types of highly abundant and widely distributed sensilla trichodea (ST I, ST II, ST III and ST IV), three types of sensilla basiconica (SB I, SB II, and SB III), and one of each type of sensilla chaetica and Bohm bristles. Although the shape, structure, numbers, and distribution of antennae of females and males were basically similar, major differences were recorded between the sexes in the length of some sensilla types. Both the ST III and SB I in female adults were significantly longer than that in male ones. Notably, SB II was found only in female. [Conclusions] The paper laid a foundation for revealing the relationship between smell and behavior, playing a crucial role in promoting the important biological control effect of C. pallens in farmland ecological system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

CO 2 capture in presence of H 2 O is an important technical issue when using CO 2 -selective adsorbents in industrial exhaust gases. The CO 2 adsorption of FAU zeolites in presence of H 2 O was investigated via Monte Carlo simulation regarding adsorption selectivity, competitiveness and capacity. Parameters and method used in the simulation were validated by experimental results. Results show that CO 2 adsorption capacity of FAU zeolites is remarkable enhanced when Si/Al ratio decreases from 7 to 3. Competitive adsorption results show that the presence of N 2 has little effect on the CO 2 adsorption while the presence of H 2 O reduces the CO 2 adsorption capacity of FAU zeolites significantly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A full-length cDNA library from the antenna of Chrysopa pallens (Rambur) was constructed based on switching mechanism at 5' end of RNA transcript ( SMART ) system. The purified double-stranded cDNA was ligated to vector SMART2IFD, and transformed into Escherichia coli DH5α by electroporation. The library constructed for female and male reached high titers of 2.1 x 106 and 1.8 x106 pfu/mL, respectively. PCR results showed that the inserts varied from 400 bp to 2 000 bp with the average size larger than 500 bp and the recombination rate over 93.0%. Further studies on those genes and large scale sequencing of the library may be helpful in screening new olfactory related genes in C. pallens. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A sensitive and label-free analytical approach for the detection of porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) instead of PCV2 antibody in serum sample was systematically investigated in this research based on surface plasmon resonance (SPR) with an establishment of special molecular identification membrane. The experimental device for constructing the biosensing analyzer is composed of an integrated biosensor, a home-made microfluidic module, and an electrical control circuit incorporated with a photoelectric converter. In order to detect the PCV2 using the surface plasmon resonance immunoassay, the mercaptopropionic acid has been used to bind the Au film in advance through the known form of the strong S-Au covalent bonds formed by the chemical radical of the mercaptopropionic acid and the Au film. PCV2 antibodies were bonded with the mercaptopropionic acid by covalent -CO-NH- amide bonding. For the purpose of evaluating the performance of this approach, the known concentrations of PCV2 Cap protein of 10 µg/mL, 7.5 µg/mL, 5 µg/mL, 2.5 µg/mL, 1 µg/mL, and 0.5 µg/mL were prepared by diluting with PBS successively and then the delta response units (ΔRUs) were measured individually. Using the data collected from the linear CCD array, the ΔRUs gave a linear response over a wide concentration range of standard known concentrations of PCV2 Cap protein with the R-Squared value of 0.99625. The theoretical limit of detection was calculated to be 0.04 µg/mL for the surface plasmon resonance biosensing approach. Correspondingly, the recovery rate ranged from 81.0% to 89.3% was obtained. In contrast to the PCV2 detection kits, this surface plasmon resonance biosensing system was validated through linearity, precision and recovery, which demonstrated that the surface plasmon resonance immunoassay is reliable and robust. It was concluded that the detection method which is associated with biomembrane properties is expected to contribute much to determine the PCV2 in sample solutions instead of PCV2 antibody in serum samples quantitatively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The insect predator, Arma chinensis, is capable of effectively controlling many pests, such as Colorado potato beetle, cotton bollworm, and mirid bugs. Our previous study demonstrated several life history parameters were diminished for A. chinensis reared on an artificial diet compared to a natural food source like the Chinese oak silk moth pupae. The molecular mechanisms underlying the nutritive impact of the artificial diet on A. chinensis health are unclear. So we utilized transcriptome information to better understand the impact of the artificial diet on A. chinensis at the molecular level. Methodology/Principal Findings: Illumina HiSeq2000 was used to sequence 4.79 and 4.70 Gb of the transcriptome from pupae-fed and artificial diet-fed A. chinensis libraries, respectively, and a de novo transcriptome assembly was performed (Trinity short read assembler). This resulted in 112,029 and 98,724 contigs, clustered into 54,083 and 54,169 unigenes for pupae-fed and diet-fed A. chinensis, respectively. Unigenes from each sample’s assembly underwent sequence splicing and redundancy removal to acquire non-redundant unigenes. We obtained 55,189 unigenes of A. chinensis, including 12,046 distinct clusters and 43,143 distinct singletons. Unigene sequences were aligned by BLASTx to nr, Swiss-Prot, KEGG and COG (E-value <10−5), and further aligned by BLASTn to nt (E-value <10−5), retrieving proteins of highest sequence similarity with the given unigenes along with their protein functional annotations. Totally, 22,964, 7,898, 18,069, 15,416, 8,066 and 5,341 unigenes were annotated in nr, nt, Swiss-Prot, KEGG, COG and GO, respectively. We compared gene expression variations and found thousands of genes were differentially expressed between pupae-fed and diet-fed A. chinensis. Conclusions/Significance: Our study provides abundant genomic data and offers comprehensive sequence information for studying A. chinensis. Additionally, the physiological roles of the differentially expressed genes enable us to predict effects of some dietary ingredients and subsequently propose formulation improvements to artificial diets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Industrial power has a large load base and considerable adjustment potential. Enterprises with a high degree of automation and adjustable potential can automatically adjust the production status according to the peak load, frequency of the power grid and the demand of new energy consumption, so as to realize automatic demand response. This paper analyzes the opportunities and challenges of industrial demand response under the integration of Industrial Internet and Energy Internet. At the same time, the development direction of industrial demand response under the new situation, such as comprehensive demand response, adjustable load resources and other technical and policy aspects are prospected. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]