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Aim: Analyzing quality of Randomized Controlled trials (RCTs) published in the Journal of Maxillofacial and Oral Surgery (MAOS) since inception using Cochrane Risk of Bias tool version 2.0. Methodology: Three authors independently screened and evaluated the RCTs according to Cochrane Risk of Bias tool version 2.0 based on the exclusion and inclusion criteria. All six domains of the RoB 2.0 tool were analyzed. The assessment of each judgment can be "Low" or "High" risk of bias, or can express "Some concerns." Results: "Some concerns" were found in the randomization process (57%), and "low ROB" was evaluated in the second domain (57%), third domain (96%) and fourth domain (53%).In fifth domain, maximum of the articles had shown either some concerns in ROB (49%) or low ROB (45%).Analysis of the overall ROB in the included articles, maximum of the articles (50%) of the articles had shown high ROB followed by articles with some concerns in the ROB assessment (36%) and only 14% of the included article shad shown the low ROB in the RCT methodology. Conclusion: The methodological and reporting quality in MAOS journal has a significant room for improvement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Immediate dental implants revolutionized the field of implant dentistry with significant advantages over conventional implants. The lack of adequate bone in the extraction socket raises the question of the appropriate timing of implant loading. Platelet concentrates have been used widely to accelerate bone regeneration in the maxillofacial region. This study evaluates the effect of platelet concentrates on bone healing and implant stability in the maxillary and mandibular molar regions. Bone regeneration is regulated by several growth factors, particularly vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and transforming growth factor-ß1 (TGF-ß1); therefore, quantification of these factors in platelet concentrates and its correlation with bone healing has been assessed in this study. Materials and Methods: The primary aim of this randomized clinical trial was to compare the stability of immediate dental implants in the maxillary and mandibular molar regions treated with platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) versus concentrated growth factors (CGF) using resonance frequency analysis (RFA). The secondary objectives were to evaluate the bone regenerate around implants with the use of PRF and CGF and to quantify growth factors VEGF and TGF-ß1 in the prepared CGF and PRF and their correlation with bone healing, if any. A total of 36 patients were randomized into three groups (12 each): control, PRF, and CGF. In all patients, immediate implants were placed either with or without platelet concentrate (PRF or CGF). Implant stability was measured using RFA immediately postoperatively and at 4, 8, and 12 or 16 weeks (12 weeks for mandible and 16 weeks for maxilla) postoperatively. Radiodensity and the bone gap (horizontal/vertical) were measured on intraoral periapical radiographs immediately postoperatively and at 8 weeks and 12 or 16 weeks postoperatively. Results: On comparing the implant stability quotient (ISQ), radiodensity/grayscale (GS), and horizontal and vertical bone gap (HG and VG), there was no significant difference noted between the three groups at any point in time. On ISQ analysis at 8 weeks, the control group showed a significant improvement (P = .04), whereas at 12 or 16 weeks, significant improvement was seen in PRF (P = .03) and CGF groups (P = .02). In GS assessment, only the control group showed significant improvement at 12 or 16 weeks (P = .009). In horizontal and vertical bone gap analysis all three groups showed significant improvement at 8 weeks (control [P < .001], PRF [P = .001], CGF [P = .01]) as well as 12 or 16 weeks (control [P < .001], PRF [P < .001], CGF [P = .006]). The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) quantification of VEGF and TGF-ß1 showed significant concentration of VEGF in PRF as compared to the plasma, while concentration of TGF-ß1 was found to be comparable in both groups. Conclusion: The application of platelet concentrates seems to enhance stability of implants, but intergroup results were nonsignificant at all time points. There was no statistically significant difference between the three groups when comparing quality (radiodensity/grayscale) and quantity (horizontal and vertical gap reduction) of bone regenerate. Studies with larger sample sizes are required to make conclusive assertions regarding efficacy of platelet concentrates in dental implants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study aimed to assess the effectiveness of different final irrigation regimens (Cold Atmospheric Pressure Plasma Jet, MTAD, and EDTA) in removing the smear layer from intra-radicular dentin using a Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). Eighty-four mandibular premolars were prepared with ProTaper Universal hand files and were equally divided into four groups i.e. Normal saline (control), EDTA, MTAD and CAP Plasma Jet. Prepared samples in the control, EDTA and MTAD groups were irrigated with 5 milliliters of the irrigant, and it was retained for 2 min. In the CAP Plasma Jet group, the plasma plume was directed towards the canal lumen for 2 min. The smear layer removal of all the groups was evaluated at the coronal, middle and apical thirds. Statistical analysis was performed using Kruskal–Wallis test followed by Dunn's test. Evaluation by SEM showed that the smear layer removal ability of MTAD and EDTA were significantly better than CAP Plasma Jet (p < 0.05). While CAP Plasma Jet showed results comparable to EDTA in the coronal third. In the middle and apical third of the canal, its effect was comparable to the control group (p > 0.05). MTAD and EDTA aided in better smear layer removal than the CAP Plasma Jet in the coronal, middle, and apical third of the test samples. CAP Plasma jet performed better in the coronal third. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Manipulation of the collagen membrane has always been cumbersome in the oral cavity because of its rolling tendency. We present a new technique for easy handling and manipulation of the collagen membrane. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Backgrounds: Oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF) is a chronic, insidious disease and is said to have a multifactorial origin with varied clinical manifestation of repeated oral ulcers, intolerance to spicy food, mucosal blanching resulting in stiffness of the oral mucosa and formation of taut bands leading to reduced mouth opening. We designed this study to systematically review the literature on QOL in OSMF and hope to make recommendations for future course of QOL assessment in OSMF. Methods: An electronic bibliographic search of studies was done from year 1900–2019 using specified keywords. The following databases were searched: PubMed, Ovid, Google Scholar and manual search were done from references of relevant articles. Of the screened 156 articles, finally 10 studies were included after screening for inclusion/exclusion criteria. Quality assessment of studies was completed using the Effective Public Health Practice Project (EPHPP) criteria for quantitative studies. Results: Most instruments used in the studies were not disease specific for OSMF except one study. Six types of questionnaires were used. The heterogeneity in study population, study designs, QOL instruments and outcome measures made it difficult for a comparison. Therefore, a quantification analysis was not possible. Also pure OSMF data without the involvement of other lesions were less in number. Conclusions: OSMF not only physically debilitates a patient, it has its repercussions on the social, physical, psychological domains as well. Another aspect is that apart from trismus, which is the most common and evident symptom associated with OSMF, a substantial part of the suffering that ensues is also because of the ulcerations, burning sensation and worsening of dental health. Another focus was the association of worse QOL with a higher grade of disease, longer and higher tobacco abuse contact duration. This review is unable to give a confident answer to the evidence on QOL in OSMF but definitely showers light on the evident lack of robust data on the same. Robust Powered by Editorial Manager® and ProduXion Manager® from Aries Systems Corporation methodological and adequately powered studies on assessing QOL in OSMF using only a reliable disease specific questionnaire is the need of the hour. Clinical Trial Registration: PROSPERO Registration: CRD42018102874. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: Analysing Level of Evidence (LOE) provides an insight to evidence-based medicine (EBM). The aim of our study was to evaluate and analyse trends in Levels of Evidence (LOE) in Journal of Maxillofacial and Oral Surgery (MAOS) since inception, i.e. December 2009 along with categorization into subtopics. Methodology: LOE for each article was determined according to modified American Society of Plastic Surgeons (ASPS) scale and National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) Evidence Hierarchy. Results: A total of 1264 articles were included in the final analysis, out of which high-quality evidence (Level A) accounted for 7% of the journal. The percentage of Level I/II (Level A) has increased from 2.09% in 2009/2010 to 12.74% in 2019/2020, representing a promising trend toward higher-quality research in just 10 years. Case reports and narrative reviews with Level of Evidence value "D" account the highest number (36%) of all the published articles. The majority of articles fell under Class 2 (Maxillofacial pathology) classification (35%) highlighting myriad of articles covering pathologies and various reconstruction methods, followed by trauma (16%). Conclusion: The status of LOE and categorizing of published articles are the first step to audit and quantify the nature of literature published by JMOS and may further help in refining the quality of research jointly by the researchers and the editorial board. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Venolymphatic malformations (VLMs) of the head and neck can have varied clinical presentation with associated complications. Timely diagnosis and treatment is warranted to curb the morbidity and obtain satisfactory outcomes. We present the case of a male patient in his early 20s with VLM of the tongue who received precise interventions which were executed with active contributions from a team of anaesthesiologists, interventional radiologists, oral and maxillofacial surgeons and intensivists. We highlight the importance of an immediate, comprehensive and multimodal treatment approach for VLMs of the maxillofacial region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Dirofilariasis is an endemic disease in tropical and subtropical countries caused by about 40 different species of dirofilari. Dirofilariasis of the oral cavity is extremely rare and is usually seen as mucosal or submucosal nodules. We also present a case of dirofilariasis of the mandibular third molar region submucosally in a 26 year old male patient. Purpose: To identify, enlist and analyze the cases of dirofilariasis in maxillofacial region reported worldwide so as to understand the clinical presentation and encourage the consideration of helminthic infections as a possible differential diagnosis in maxillofacial swellings. Methods: Two authors KC and SK independently searched the electronic database of PUBMED, OVID, Google Scholar and manual search from other sources. A general search strategy was planned and anatomic areas of interest identified. The search was made within a bracket of 1 month by the independent authors KC and SK who assessed titles, abstracts and full texts of articles based on the decided keywords. The final selection of articles was screened for the cases that were reported in the maxillofacial region including the age, gender, site of occurrence and region of the world reported in. A geographic distribution of the reported cases was tabulated. Results: A total number of 265, 97, 1327, 3 articles were identified by PubMed, Ovid, GoogleScholar and manual search respectively. The final articles were manually searched for duplicates and filtered according to the inclusion/exclusion criteria which led to a final list of 58 unique articles that were included in the study. In total 99 cases were identified. Conclusion: Although intraoral dirofilarial infections are extremely uncommon, it should be considered in the differential diagnosis of an intraoral or facial swelling that does not completely respond to routine therapy especially in patients from endemic areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bronchoscopic lung volume reduction (BLVR) methods have emerged as a new treatment option for patients with severe emphysema. Endobronchial valves and coils have been extensively studied. This review assesses efficacy, safety, and cost effectiveness of the BLVR procedures (stent, valves, vapor ablation, endobronchial coils, lung sealant) in patients with severe emphysema. Databases were searched until October 2016, and randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing available BLVR procedures to standard medical care or sham bronchoscopy were included. Random effect model and generic inverse variance approach were used for meta-analysis. Out of 381 identified records, 16 RCTs were included. As compared to recommended medical care or sham bronchoscopy, the BLVR procedures are more effective in improving quality of life [SGRQ score (WMD=-6.38; -9.12 to -3.65)] and 6MWT (WMD=24.21; 9.68-38.74) and percentage FEV1 (WMD=10.48; 7.07-13.89). Increased risk of serious adverse events (RR=2.18; 1.63-2.93), specifically for chronic pulmonary obstructive disease exacerbations and lower respiratory tract infection combined (RR=1.37; 1.07-1.75), were observed with bronchoscopic interventions, while there was no difference in number of deaths (RR=1.25; 0.79-1.99) and respiratory failure (RR=1.13; 0.57-2.21). The BLVR procedures, especially endobronchial coils, were found to be effective in the management of patients with severe emphysema irrespective of collateral ventilation. However, characterization of patients who would be most benefited from these procedures is required, and effectiveness of these procedures in long run needs to be established. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]