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This study aimed to investigate the effect of upregulated peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPAR-γ) activity on cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) expression and N-methyl-d-aspartic acid (NMDA)-induced excitatory neurotoxicity in primary cultured cortical neurons. Rat cortical neurons were cultured for 8 days in vitro, and divided into control, NMDA, MK-801 (selective NMDA antagonist), rosiglitazone (ROSI, PPAR-γ agonist), GW9662 (PPAR-γ antagonist), NS398 (selective COX-2 antagonist) and NS398 + ROSI groups. Two hours after treatment in each group, cell viability, intracellular Ca2+ concentrations, PPAR-γ and COX-2 protein expression were detected by CCK-8 assay, flow cytometry and western blot assay, respectively. The results showed that compared with the control group, 100 μmol/L of NMDA significantly decreased the neuronal cell viability, increased Ca2+ concentrations, which also increased the COX-2 protein expression and decreased PPAR-γ expression in neurons. Compared with the NMDA group, the cell viability was increased, Ca2+ concentrations and COX-2 protein expression were significantly decreased, PPAR-γ expression was significantly increased in the MK-801, ROSI, NS398 and ROSI + NS398 groups (both P

PM2.5 pollution over Hangzhou Bay area, China has received continuous attention. In this study, PM2.5 samples were collected simultaneously in six typical cities in Zhejiang Province from 15 October 2019 to 15 January 2020 (autumn and winter) and from 1 June to 31 August 2020 (summer), and major water-soluble ions were analyzed. Average concentrations of NO3− and SO42− in the six cities were 3.93–15.64 μg/m3 and 4.61–7.58 μg/m3 in autumn and winter, with mass fractions of NO3− and SO42− in PM2.5 up to 19.6–34.2% and 13.6–26.3%, respectively, while in summer, they were 1.23–2.64 μg/m3 and 2.22–4.14 μg/m3, with mass fractions of 7.0–15.0% and 14.7~25.1%. Both NO3− and SO42− were mostly from gas-to-particle transformation of precursors. High relative humidity in the six cities was suggested to significantly promote the formation of NO3− and SO42−, particularly in autumn and winter, while enhanced atmospheric oxidation favored the formation of SO42− in summer. However, the formation of NO3− was inhibited under a high temperature of >15 °C. The concentrations of SO42− and NO3 were mostly correlated with each other among the six cities. Potential source contribution function analysis indicated that both SO42− and NO3− were mostly from local pollution of Hangzhou Bay area in Zhejiang Province and also transported from Shanghai and the southern region of Jiangsu Province. This study contributed to the understanding of regional characteristics of SO42− and NO3− in Hangzhou Bay area and suggested that joint prevention and control efforts should be strengthened to reduce regional PM2.5 pollution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, the interactions of six different flavonoids (IVa~c and Va~c) with bovine serum proteins (BSA) were investigated by fluorescence spectroscopy, thermodynamic and molecular dynamics simulations. The fluorescence behaviors of IVa~c and Va~c were quantitatively related to BSA, and the results calculated using the Stern-Volmer equation showed that IVa~c and Va~c had significant fluores-cence quenching with BSA, both of which were static quenching. The binding ability of monofluoroflavone with BSA was best when its fluorine atom was at para position, while the binding ability of monofluoroflavonol with BSA was best when its fluorine atom was at meta position. The binding ability of monofluoroflavonol with BSA was stronger than that of monofluoroflavone when hydroxyl group was attached to the C(3) of monofluoroflavone IVa~c. The calculated thermodynamic parameters of IVa~c and Va~Va were ΔG<0, ΔH<0 and ΔS<0, indicating that the interaction of IVa~c and Va~Vc with BSA was a spontaneous exothermic process, which mainly relies on hydrogen bonding and van der Waals force. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Choerospondias axillaries (CA) is an important fast-growing afforestation tree species in southern China, and its fruit has medicinal and edible value. High performance liquid chromatography was used to determine the composition and content of sugar and acid in CA fruits from different provenances, and cluster analysis was conducted on different provenances. The results showed that the total sugar content of CA fruit ranged from 49.31 to 139.41 mg/g, with sucrose accounting for the highest proportion of total sugar, followed by glucose, and fructose was the lowest. The total acid content of CA fruit ranged from 47.97 to 82.81 mg/g, with citric acid accounting for 67.09% of the total acid, followed by ascorbic acid, quinic acid, tartaric acid, and malic acid. Cluster analysis was conducted on 20 CA fruits, which were divided into 4 categories. It was recommended to develop N19 fruit had the highest content of sucrose and glucose, and the highest sweetness value, sugar-acid ratio and sweet-acid ratio. It can be suggested to be developed as a high-sugar fresh food source. N02 fruit with high sugar and high acid content can be used as a raw material for fruit cake processing. This result provides an important reference for the quality evaluation and rational development and utilization of CA.

Introduction: The association between elevated lactate levels and the development of disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) in patients with severe trauma remains unclear. Hence, this study aimed to explore the association between lactate and the development of DIC in patients with severe trauma. Methods: This prospective cohort study was conducted on consecutive patients with severe trauma who were hospitalized in the intensive care unit from January 2020 to January 2023. The primary outcome measured was the occurrence of DIC in patients in the emergency department or posthospitalization. Logistic regression analysis evaluating the risk values for lactate and DIC, the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, and decision curve analysis (DCA) examinations studying the predictive efficiency of lactate for DIC. The Kaplan–Meier survival curve was used to assess patient survival. Sensitivity robustness analysis included modified Poisson regression, E-value, subgroup analysis, and numerical variable transformation analysis. Results: Logistic regression analysis corrected for confounding factors showed that lactate was a risk factor for DIC in patients with severe trauma (adjusted odds ratio [OR]: 1.374, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.206–1.566). Lactate predicted DIC risk with a 0.8513 area under the ROC curve (95% CI: 0.7827–0.9199), 4.8 cutoff value, 0.8333 sensitivity, and 0.8014 specificity. DCA showed the correlation between lactate and DIC. The mortality rate of patients with a high risk of DIC was significantly higher than that of patients with a low risk (log-rank test, P < 0.001). The modified Poisson regression showed that lactate was a risk factor for DIC (risk ratio: 1.188, 95% CI: 1.140–1.237). E-value was 1.645, and the lower limit of 95% CI was 1.495. The logistic regression analysis after subgroup analysis and transformation of numerical variables showed that lactate remained a risk factor for DIC. Conclusions: Elevated lactate is closely associated with the occurrence of DIC in patients with severe trauma. Lactate seems to be a good predictive factor for DIC manifestation in patients with severe trauma.

The most serious part of phlebitis was the point T. In the development of clinical nursing treatment plan, the place where phlebitis had been treated was the point T. Limitations and Perspectives for Future Research In this study, venous serum and vascular tissue morphology were regarded as the starting point of the research. Keywords: peripheral vein; Kabiven™ Pl; TNA; phlebitis; limit time; CRP; TNF- EN peripheral vein Kabiven™ Pl TNA phlebitis limit time CRP TNF- 205 215 11 05/17/22 20220101 NES 220101 Introduction Currently, short peripheral venous catheters (PVCs) are commonly used for intravenous infusion in hospitals, with a utilization rate as high as 70%.[1] However, for such an important device PVCs remain highly susceptible to complications resulting in catheter failure, which has been reported in individual studies to be as high as 69%, but worldwide literature has never been systematically synthesized which may lead to an underappreciation of these rates.[2] Phlebitis has the highest incidence, accounting for 24% of all complications,[1] and the physical and chemical properties of the drugs being used is one of the main risk factors for phlebitis. It is proposed that the next step in experimental project design will consider cells as the breakthrough point to explore the cellular pathway mechanism of phlebitis caused by the continuous infusion of emulsions through a peripheral vein to provide a more accurate and scientific reference for the clinical development of phlebitis prevention measures. If it exceeds four hours, there will be the risk of phlebitis, which improves the clinical Nursing staff can be early warning of the occurrence of phlebitis, so as to reduce the inflammatory reaction of blood vessels and reduce the incidence of phlebitis. [Extracted from the article]

The aim of this paper is to investigate smooth solutions to Cauchy (or periodic) problem for a nonisentropic Euler‐Maxwell system with small parameters. For initial data close to constant equilibrium states, we prove the global‐in‐time convergence of the Euler‐Maxwell system as parameters go to zero. The limit systems are the drift‐diffusion system and the nonisentropic Euler‐Poisson system, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to investigate the effect of upregulated peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPAR-γ) activity on cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) expression and N-methyl-d-aspartic acid (NMDA)-induced excitatory neurotoxicity in primary cultured cortical neurons. Rat cortical neurons were cultured for 8 days in vitro, and divided into control, NMDA, MK-801 (selective NMDA antagonist), rosiglitazone (ROSI, PPAR-γ agonist), GW9662 (PPAR-γ antagonist), NS398 (selective COX-2 antagonist) and NS398 + ROSI groups. Two hours after treatment in each group, cell viability, intracellular Ca2+ concentrations, PPAR-γ and COX-2 protein expression were detected by CCK-8 assay, flow cytometry and western blot assay, respectively. The results showed that compared with the control group, 100 μmol/L of NMDA significantly decreased the neuronal cell viability, increased Ca2+ concentrations, which also increased the COX-2 protein expression and decreased PPAR-γ expression in neurons. Compared with the NMDA group, the cell viability was increased, Ca2+ concentrations and COX-2 protein expression were significantly decreased, PPAR-γ expression was significantly increased in the MK-801, ROSI, NS398 and ROSI + NS398 groups (both P < 0.01). This finding suggested that upregulation of PPAR-γ activity can inhibit COX-2 expression, decrease Ca2+ concentrations in primary cultured cortical neurons, and protect neurons against NMDA-induced excitatory neurotoxicity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Energy finance is the product of the close combination of the energy industry and the financial industry, and the two affect each other. The energy crisis may lead to a financial crisis, and the financial crisis may also lead to a energy crisis. Early risk warning for the energy financial crisis can effectively mitigate and reduce risks. This article used the GABP (Genetic Algorithm Back Propagation) algorithm model to systematically analyze and predict the risks of energy financial crises. After establishing indicators for energy finance risk warning, this article collected relevant data from 150 energy companies and 210 financial companies, and compared them with the GABP algorithm model and manual analysis model. The error value of the model is determined by the numerical expansion in the positive and negative directions based on zero scale values. The closer the zero scale value is, the smaller the error; the farther it is from the zero scale value, the greater the error. The results show that the average accuracy of the GABP model for energy finance risk warning is 85.2%, and the minimum error value is −0.23. The average accuracy of using manual analysis models for energy finance risk warning is 75.8%, with a minimum error value of 1.89. The GABP algorithm has advantages in constructing energy finance risk warning models.

Information dissemination and the associated change of individual behavior can significantly slow the spread of an epidemic. However, major social events which attract public attention will disturb information spread and affect epidemic transmission in ways that have not been readily quantified. We investigate the interplay between disease spreading and disease-related information dissemination in a two-layer network. We employ the SIR-UAU model with a time dependent coefficient to denote information dissemination. We found that major social events are equivalent to perturbations of information dissemination in certain time intervals and will consequently weaken the effect of information dissemination, and increase prevalence of infection. Our simulation results agree well with the trends observed from real-world data sets. We found that two specific major events explain the trend of the coronavirus epidemic in the US: the online propaganda and international agenda setting of Donald Trump early in 2020 and the 2020 US Presidential Election.

Vehicular emissions in China in 2006 and 2010 were calculated at a high spatial resolution based on the data released by the National Bureau of Statistics, by taking the emission standards into consideration. China's vehicular emissions of carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen oxides (NO x ), volatile organic compounds (VOCs), ammonia (NH 3 ), fine particulate matters (PM 2.5 ), inhalable particulate matters (PM 10 ), black carbon (BC), and organic carbon (OC) were 30,113.9, 4593.7, 6838.0, 20.9, 400.2, 430.5, 285.6, and 105.1 Gg, respectively, in 2006 and 34,175.2, 5167.5, 7029.4, 74.0, 386.4, 417.1, 270.9, and 106.2 Gg, respectively, in 2010. CO, VOCs, and NH 3 emissions were mainly from motorcycles and light-duty gasoline vehicles, whereas NO X , PM 2.5 , PM 10 , and BC emissions were mainly from rural vehicles and heavy-duty diesel trucks. OC emissions were mainly from motorcycles and heavy-duty diesel trucks. Vehicles of pre-China I (vehicular emission standard of China before phase I) and China I (vehicular emission standard of China in phase I) were the primary contributors to all of the pollutant emissions except NH 3 , which was mainly from China III and China IV gasoline vehicles. The total emissions of all the pollutants except NH 3 changed little from 2006 to 2010. This finding can be attributed to the implementation of strict emission standards and to improvements in oil quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The porous copper oxide (CuO)/reduced graphene oxide (rGO) composite was prepared by hydrothermal procedure and stirred with graphene oxide dispersion. The composite was employed as anode material to prepare a lithium-ion battery. The effects of different copper sources on the morphology and chemical properties of the materials were studied. Our findings revealed that the structure of CuO with different morphologies was significantly different, which changed the bonding mode of CuO/ RGO composites. Our study discovered that the thorn-like B and spherical A and D possess greater capacity and cycle stability. After 100 charge-discharge processes with 200 mAg ^−1 current density, the reversible capacities were 295 mAhg ^−1 , 290 mAhg ^−1 , and 313mAhg ^−1 .

Current experiment was accomplished to evaluate anticoccidial effects Camellia sinensis extract in broiler chickens. Broiler chicks (n=72) were divided into six equal groups. First three groups received Camellia sinensis extract (CSE) @ 40 gm/kg, 50 gm/kg and 60 gm/kg of basal diet till at the end of experiment (40 days). Group D was treated with reference drug Toltrazuril® (1ml/liter of water) with basal diet. Group E served as infected, non-treated control group. Group F served as normal control group which received only basal diet. Anticoccidial activity of Camellia sinensis extract was evaluated by various parameters such as feed conversion ratio, mortality rate, Oocysts per gram of feces (OPG), lesion, and oocyst score and organ weight. Data on hematological parameters and serum chemistry were also collected. Camellia sinensis extract reduced Eimeria infection in expressions of reduced mortality (%), OPG, lesion and oocyst scores and improved FCR in broiler chickens which were non-significantly different to Toltrazuril® (P>0.05). The green tea extract also improved hematology and serum chemistry of infected chickens which were significantly different to infected group (P<0.05). It was concluded from experiment that Camellia sinensis can serve as alternative candidate against poultry coccidiosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The implementation of emission reduction measures during the Olympics provided a valuable opportunity to study regional photochemical pollution over northern China. In this study, the fifth-generation Pennsylvania State University/National Centre for Atmospheric Research Mesoscale Model and Community Multiscale Air Quality model system was applied to conduct two sets of modelling analyses of the period from July 20 to September 20, 2008, to illustrate the influences of emission reduction measures on regional photochemical pollution over northern China during the Beijing Olympics. The results indicated that the implementation of emission control measures decreased the concentrations of ozone (O 3 ) precursors, namely nitrogen oxide (NOx) and volatile organic compounds (VOCs), throughout the boundary layer. The concentrations of these compounds were reduced by 45% in the central urban area of Beijing at the ground level. Although the average O 3 concentration in the central urban area increased by more than 8 ppbv, the total oxidant concentration decreased significantly by more than 5 ppbv. Greater O 3 concentrations mainly occurred during periods with weak photochemical reactions. During periods of strong photochemical production, the O 3 concentration decreased significantly due to a weakening vertical circulation between the lower and upper boundary layer. Consequently, the number of days when the O 3 concentration exceeded 100 ppbv decreased by 25% in Beijing. The emission control measures altered the sensitivity of the regional O 3 production. The coordinated control region of NOx and VOCs expanded, and the control region of VOCs decreased in size. The reduction of non-point-source emissions, such as fugitive VOCs and vehicles, was more useful for controlling regional photochemical pollution over northern China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Regional photochemical pollution caused by ozone (O 3 ) is serious in northern China during summer. In this study, we combined network observation data with the Fifth-Generation Pennsylvania State/National Centre for Atmospheric Research Mesoscale Model -Community Multiscale Air Quality (MM5-CMAQ) model system to simulate O 3 and its precursors'concentrations over northern China in June 2008. Comparisons of the simulations and observations indicate that the model can accurately reproduce the temporal and spatial distributions of temperature, humidity, and wind as well as the evolution of O 3 and its precursors over northern China. The monthly mean of the total oxidants (nitrogen dioxide + O 3 ) at 15:00 LT exceeded 90 ppbv across the North China Plain, thereby indicating significant photochemical pollution in this area. Vertical diffusion is the main source of the near-ground O 3 , with contributions of more than 20 ppbv h − 1 in the urban areas. Dry deposition and chemical reactions are the main sinks for O 3 , with contributions of more than 20 ppbv h − 1 and 7 ppbv h − 1 in the forest and urban areas, respectively. Although vertical diffusion is the main source of near-ground O 3 , photochemical reactions dominate the O 3 concentrations in the boundary layer because of the circulation between the lower and upper boundary layers. Considering that O 3 is mainly produced in the upper boundary layer, both nitrogen oxide and volatile organic compounds should be controlled on the North China Plain. The results presented here are intended to provide guidance for redefining strategies to control photochemical pollution over northern China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Measurements of fine particles (PM2.5), coarse particles (PM10) and aerosol optical properties were carried out at a background station-Dinghushan in the Pearl River Delta (PRD) region from 2009 to 2012. It showed that the long-term mean concentrations of PM2.5 and PM10 were as high as (51±31) μg/m3 and (76±43) μg/m3, respectively. Particulate pollution in the PRD region was mitigated over the last four years, and the annual mean concentrations of PM2.5 was decreased to (39±25) μg/m3 in 2012 from (65±33) μg/m3 in 2009. The concentrations of PM2.5 and PM10 were low in summer and high in the other three seasons. The correlation between the daily concentrations of PM2.5 and PM10 was generally high (R >0.90). The long-term mean PM2.5/PM10 ratio reached up to 0.67, the ratio was high in autumn (0.71) and low in summer (0.57). Atmospheric visibility was poor, the long-term mean of aerosol optical depth (AOD) at 500nm was 0.91±0.40, and Ångström exponent was 0.97±0.36. The values of AOD were low in winter and summer, and high in spring and autumn. The correlation between particulate matter (PM) concentrations and AOD was high. The correlation coefficient in dry season (October–next March) was better than that was in wet season (April–September). In addition, the correlation also demonstrated great differences for different air masses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]