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Aziz Momin,1 Redoy Ranjan,1,2 Oswaldo Valencia,1 Adam Jacques,3 Pitt Lim,4 David Fluck,3 Tuan P Chua,5 Venkatachalam Chandrasekaran1 1Department of Cardiac Surgery, St George’s University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK; 2Department of Cardiac Surgery, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Dhaka, Bangladesh; 3Department of Cardiology, Ashford and St Peter’s Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK; 4Department of Cardiology, St George’s University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK; 5Department of Cardiology, Royal Surrey NHS Foundation Trust, London, UKCorrespondence: Aziz Momin, Consultant Cardiac Surgeon, St George’s University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, SW17 0QT, United Kingdom, Tel +447956336739, Email aziz.momin@stgeorges.nhs.ukObjective: This study determined hazard factors and long-term survival rate of total arterial coronary artery bypass graft surgery over 20 years in an extensively large, population-based cohort.Methods: A total of 2979 patients who underwent isolated CABG from April 1999 to March 2020 were studied in 4 groups- Group-A (bilateral internal mammary artery ± radial artery), Group-B (single internal mammary artery + radial artery ± saphenous vein), Group-C (single internal mammary artery ± saphenous vein; no radial artery), and Group-D (radial artery ± saphenous vein; no internal mammary artery). The study endpoints analysed the correlation between the number and types of grafts with the survival time following isolated CABG surgery.Results: The total arterial revascularization (Group A) group had an admirable mean long-term survival of ~19 years, compared to 18.6 years (Group B), 15.86 years (Group C), and 10.99 years (Group D). A Kaplan-Meier curve demonstrated confidence interval (CI) for study groups- (95% CI 18.33– 19.94), (95% CI 18.14– 19.06), (95% CI 15.40– 16.32), and (95% CI 9.61– 12.38) in Group A, B, C, D respectively. In the Holm-Sidak method analysis, significant associations existed between the number of arterial grafts and the long-term outcome. A statistically significant (P≤ 0.05) long-term survival advantage for arterial grafting was demonstrated, especially total arterial revascularisation over all other combinations except single internal mammary artery + radial artery grafting.Conclusion: In this series, over 20 years, total arterial CABG use has excellent long-term survival, achieving complete myocardial revascularisation. There is no significant difference between the BIMA group and SIMA with radial artery. However, there is a reduced survival with decreased use of arterial conduits.Keywords: coronary artery bypass graft, CABG, bilateral internal mammary artery, total arterial CABG, long term outcome, multiple arterial graft, mortality, survival benefits

A high yielding white seeded sesame culture VS 07 023 was developed at Regional Research Station, Vridhachalam and released as VRI 3 during 2017. It is a cross derivative of SVPR 1 and TKG 87. The culture was evaluated during rabi and summer seasons. The culture VS 07 023 has registered an overall grain yield of 995 kg/ha which was 22.74 and 17.33 per cent yield increase over the check SVPR 1 (811kg/ha) and TMV (SV) 7 (848 kg/ha), respectively over 95 locations during rabi season. Similarly, the culture VS 07 023 has registered remarkably a higher mean seed yield of 1055 kg/ha against the check SVPR 1 (862 kg/ha) and TMV (SV) 7 (928kg/ha). The per cent increase in the mean seed yield over the check was 22.49 (SVPR 1) and 13.77 per cent (TMV (SV) 7). The culture is moderately resistant to Macrophomina root rot disease. The culture VS 07 023 is white seeded containing 50 per cent oil content and exhibited a profuse branching suitable for rabi and summer irrigated conditions. In view of stable performance of sesame culture VS 07 023, it was released as a new sesame variety VRI 3 during 2017 by Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore for cultivation in major sesame growing districts of Tamil Nadu during rabi and the summer irrigated conditions.

The domain of deep learning has seen significant advancements, particularly in the context of detecting macular edema from images of the retina, in recent times. This study introduces an innovative model for identifying macular edema, employing two deep learning models: Deeplabv3 + and VGG with a vision transformer. The Deeplabv3 + model is used to segment the macula region in the retinal images. The segmented macula region is then fed into the VGG for feature extraction with a vision transformer model for detection. This approach leverages the strengths of both models in detecting accurately and efficiently. The Deeplabv3 + model can accurately segment the macula region, which is crucial for accurate detection. The VGG combined with a vision transformer model proves highly efficient in detecting even subtle changes in the macular region, signifying the existence of macular edema. The results of our experiments with the dataset show that the proposed method outperforms current cutting-edge techniques. With an outstanding precision rate of 99.53%, the suggested approach firmly solidifies its superiority. The results highlight the effectiveness of the proposed technique in precisely and effectively detecting pathological fluid accumulation in retina images. This ability can have a substantial influence on the early detection and management of eye disorders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this paper is to analyze the queuing model entitled to cost optimization in bulk arrival and a batch service retrial queuing system with threshold, server failure, non-disruptive service, and multiple vacations. When bulk arrival of customers find the server is busy, then all customers will join in the orbit. On the other hand, if the server is free, then batch service will be provided according to the general bulk service rule. Batch size varies from a minimum of one and a maximum of ‘b’ number of customers. Customers in the orbit seek service one by one through constant retrial policy whenever the server is in idle state. The server may encounter failure during service. If the server fails, then ‘renewal of service station’ will be considered with probability . If there is no server failure with probability in the service completion or after the renewal process and if the orbit is empty, the server then leaves for multiple vacations. The server stays on vacation until the orbit size reaches the value N. For this proposed queuing model, a probability generating function of the orbit size will be obtained by using the supplementary variable technique and various performance measures will be presented with suitable numerical illustrations. A real time application is also discussed for this system. Additionally, a cost effective model is developed for this queuing model.

Background and objectivesUnderstanding the drivers for care-seeking among those who present with symptoms of TB is crucial for early diagnosis of TB and prompt treatment, which will in turn halt further TB transmission. While TB is a challenge among the tribal population, little is known about the care-seeking behaviour and the factors influencing care-seeking behaviour among the tribal population across India.MethodologyThis community-based descriptive study was carried out in 17 states of India across 6 zones, covering 88 villages from tribal districts with over 70% tribal population. The sample population included individuals ≥15 years old who were screened through an interview for symptoms suggestive of pulmonary TB (PTB), currently and/or previously on anti-TB treatment. Those with symptoms were then assessed on their health-seeking behavior using a semi-structured interview schedule.ResultsAmong 74532 eligible participants screened for symptoms suggestive of TB, 2675 (3.6%) were found to be presumptive TB cases. Of them, 659 (24.6%) sought care for their symptoms. While 48.2% sought care after a week, 19.3% sought care after one month or more, with no significant difference in the first point of care; 46.9% approaching a private and 46.7% a public facility. The significant factors influencing care-seeking behaviour were knowledge on TB (OR: 4.64 (3.70-5.83), p < 0.001), ageConclusionDelayed healthcare-seeking behaviour among those with symptoms presumptive of TB in the tribal population is a major concern. Findings point to differences across gender about symptoms that prompt care-seeking in this population. Gender-sensitive interventions with health system strengthening are urgently needed to facilitate early diagnosis and treatment among this population.

A novel organic compound derivativeof Benzothiazole, BFCPA[N-Substitued-1,3-benzothiazol-2pheny-2-[4-(furan-2-carbonyl)piperazin-1-phenyl] acetamidehas beensynthesizied and used as inhibitor on mild steelcorrosion in 1N and 2N HCl acidic medium.Using this inhibitor the rate of orrosion and inhibitor efficiency was analysed by mass loss data and electrochemical analysis. Byincreasing concentration of the inhibitor BFCPA exhibits good corrosion inhibition effectiveness less corrosion rate shows the electron donating property.The structure of BFCPA has been confirmed using various spectral studies. Based on adsorption studies it reveals Langmuir adsorption isotherm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Corrosion prevention studies show a predominant trend in the recent era. Especially mild steel material was used in many industrial sectors because it has specific properties like malleability and ductility. Corrosion inhibition action of a novel synthesized N-(1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl)-2-[4-furan-2-carbonyl)piperazin-2-yl]acetamide (1,3BFCPA) compound was performed on MS-mild steel material in 1 N HCl and 1 N H2SO4 medium. Using the mass loss data, the inhibitor efficiency has been evaluated on both the acidic and alkaline mediums. The inhibitor shows a maximum inhibitor efficiency on both acidic mediums, but when comparing 1N sulfuric acid, it shows a better efficiency of 90%. Based on surface coverage analysis (q) from mass loss data, adsorption isotherms were interpreted to fit the behavior of the inhibitor over the surface of MS material, which shows a Langmuir adsorption isotherm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Public-funded fisheries extension services have been blamed as poor and responsible for the slow pace of aquaculture development in India. The present investigation aimed to find concrete interventions to streamline the extension service by understanding the research-extension-farmer linkage indirectly in terms of information sources of aqua farmers and fishery extension officers and assessing the existing organizational, manpower and extension capabilities of Departments of Fisheries of sample states. Design/methodology/approach: A random sample of 1008 brackishwater aqua farmers, a purposive random sample of 60 extension personnel and 45 researchers were interviewed to collect primary data for the study. A multidimensional Organizational Analysis Index was developed specifically for the study. The Wilcoxon paired rank test was employed to analyze and compare the perceptions of the fishery extension personnel. Findings: The study revealed that 90% of aqua farmers depend on private extension sources for information; information-seeking by the extension personnel was less than 50%; and less than 50% of the researchers expressed having had consultations with the extension agencies. Results indicated that the respondents differ significantly over the existing and ideal organizational, manpower and extension attributes of the fisheries departments. An extension approach to evolve a National Fisheries and Aquaculture Extension Service (NFAES) to strengthen fisheries departments with structural and functional realignments and partnership with farm leaders and fisheries professionals is suggested in order to streamline the fisheries and aquaculture extension service in India. Practical implications: The findings of the study may enlighten the fisheries development planners and provide indications to initiate attempts to streamline the fisheries extension departments for an effective extension service in India. Originality/value: The study was originally conducted by the authors. Nothing similar has been previously published or is currently under consideration for publication by another journal. (Contains 4 tables and 3 figures.)