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Smart grid is an intelligent power distribution system that employs dual communication between the energy devices and the substation. Dual communication helps to overseer the internet access points, energy meters, and power demand of the entire grid. Deployment of advanced communication and control technologies makes smart grid system efficient for energy availability and low-cost maintenance. Appropriate algorithms are analyzed first for the convenient grid to have proper routing and security with a high-level of power transmission and distribution. Information and Communication Technology plays a significant role in monitoring, demand response, and control of the energy distribution. This paper presents a broad review of communication and network technologies with regard to Internet of Things, Machine to Machine Communication, and Cognitive radio terminologies which comprises 5G technology. Networks suitable for future smart-grid are compared with respect to standard protocols, data rate, throughput, delay, security, and routing. Approaches adopted for the smart-grid system has been commended based on the performance and the parameters observed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Multilevel inverters emerged as the solution for overcoming the limitations of two level inverters, such as total harmonic distortion, high magnetic interference, and high dv/dt in high power voltage applications. The ability to generate sinusoidal output voltage is another speciality of multilevel inverters. The wide range of applications in fields such as power grids, motor drives, and Volt-Ampere Reactive compensation enhances the visibility of multilevel inverters. This paper identifies the conventional multilevel inverter topologies such as diode clamped multilevel inverters, flying capacitor multilevel inverters, and cascaded H bridges and presents a literature review on the topologies considering the facts of structural and functional diversities over the ages which have been adapted right from the beginning of its emergence. It also details the various optimization technologies that are used in multilevel inverters to obtain the optimal switching angle for harmonic elimination. This paper also explains the modulation techniques that are in effect for a specific purpose in different applications to get the best possible result. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]