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Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is the world's third leading cause of death, posing a significant public health challenge. Heart failure is an important milestone in the natural history of this disease's ever-decreasing course. Cor pulmonale alone is sometimes insufficient to explain the scenario, as many heart failures are refractory even after standard treatment. A possible explanation is involvement of the left ventricle (LV). However, there is currently no consensus on a therapeutic approach to LV dysfunction in COPD. Some previous studies were conducted on COPD patients regardless of the presence or absence of other factors influencing LV function. This study attempted to rule out all known confounding factors/co-morbidities that influence LV function. We discovered that LV diastolic dysfunction was common in subjects at all stages of COPD. We believe that all COPD patients, regardless of stage, should have screening echocardiography.

The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) resulted in millions of deaths worldwide. In adults, it can lead to serious complications such as Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS), renal failure, encephalitis, acute cardiac illness, thromboembolism, and multiorgan failure. However, in infants and children, it causes mild illness. The current evidence showed hyperinflammatory syndrome is the reason for most of the deaths in patients with severe COVID-19. There are increasing research activities around immunomodulatory drugs to manage SARS-CoV-2 induced dysregulated immune response. However, these immunomodulatory drugs are currently approved by FDA for the prevention and treatment of certain inflammatory disorders, such as rheumatoid arthritis, gout, recurrent pericarditis, and multiple sclerosis. Here, we summarise the drugs studied in several randomised clinical trials to demonstrate the efficacy and safety in treating the uncontrolled immune response of COVID-19 patients.

Bronchopleural Fistula (BPF) is a potential complication following pulmonary surgeries, lung infections, chest trauma, chemoradiotherapy, and inappropriate mechanical ventilation with significant morbidity and mortality. Surgical repair of BPF is a definitive treatment, particularly in those who develop BPF following lung resection. However, bronchoscopic management is an excellent treatment option for BPF for causes other than pulmonary resection. The present case report describes about a 50-year-old male patient who presented with a left-sided pneumothorax. He was immediately managed with Intercostal Drainage (ICD) but there was a persistent pneumothorax due to BPF. Video bronchoscopy was done, and at the site of the air leak, cyanoacrylate glue was injected. The resolution of pneumothorax was confirmed with a radiograph, the ICD tube was removed and he was discharged. He was on regular follow-up for the next six months, and there was no recurrence of pneumothorax.