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Upper mantle deformation is mainly controlled by the mechanical behavior of olivine. Crystallographic preferred orientations (CPOs) develop in olivine due to crystal‐plastic deformation during mantle flow, where the a‐axes of olivine polycrystalline aggregates are aligned with the flow direction. Therefore, the observed CPO in olivine‐rich rocks is used as an indicator of the mantle flow direction. Experimental data show that olivine rheology is strongly controlled by the microstructure. While the influence of plastic deformation is in general well characterized, the role of dynamic recrystallization during deformation is not totally understood, limiting our ability to interpret the deformation history of naturally deformed rocks. This contribution presents microdynamic numerical simulations of olivine polycrystalline aggregates with different iron content (i.e., fayalite content) with the aim of exploring the CPO and grain size response to dynamic recrystallization. We use a full‐field approach with an explicit simulation of viscoplastic deformation and dynamic recrystallization processes under simple shear boundary conditions up to high strain. The simulations show that the CPOs are similar and practically reach the same maximum regardless of the iron content. CPOs are characterized by a single cluster of a‐axis and two‐clusters of b‐axis, reveling a joint activity of the easy glide [100](010) and the moderate strength [100](010) slip systems. High‐strain domains of our models are consistent with experimental results, showing an A‐type fabric with double maxima, and where the CPO is aligned with the shear direction. The model provides a deeper understanding of the dynamic recrystallization influence on olivine CPOs resulting from plastic deformation. Plain Language Summary: Rocks in the upper mantle of the Earth are mainly composed of olivine. This mineral has a significant impact on how the upper mantle behaves mechanically. When the mantle flows, olivine undergoes viscoplastic deformation, leading to the formation of crystallographic preferred orientations (CPO). By studying the observed crystallographic preferred orientations in olivine‐rich rocks, scientists can determine the direction of mantle flow. However, how dynamic recrystallization affects the CPO is not well understood. This study conducts microdynamic numerical simulations of olivine aggregates to investigate the impact on the microstructure and CPO under dynamic recrystallization during viscoplastic deformation. The modeling approach is the cutting‐edge viscoplastic fast Fourier transform in conjunction with the ELLE modeling platform. The high‐strain regions in our models align with the experimental findings, revealing a double‐maxima A‐type fabric and where the CPO is oriented with the shear direction. This model enhances our comprehension of how dynamic recrystallization influences the deformation of olivine rocks. Key Points: We present the first full‐field numerical model incorporating dynamic recrystallization applied to olivine microstructuresHigh‐strain domains of our models are consistent with experimental results, showing an A‐type fabric with double maxima, and where the CPO is aligned with the shear directionMicrostructures formed by pure fayalite show higher grain boundary mobility than those composed of forsterite and fayalite [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Se explora la noción de competitividad así como sus posibilidades de medición, de igual forma, se evalúa la problemática de competitividad en pequeñas empresas. Posteriormente se presenta la idea de integración, como alternativa para estas empresas y así mejorar sus posibilidades de supervivencia y crecimiento en los mercados

Las organizaciones actuales enfrentan condiciones cada vez más cambiantes que les exigen capacidad de adaptarse y mantenerse en el tiempo. El presente artículo propone un modelo conceptual e instrumental de sostenibilidad, que se fundamenta en diferentes concepciones y enfoques, con los cuales se ha abordado la realidad del ser humano en las organizaciones, a partir de la introducción del concepto de tejido social empresarial. La investigación de campo se realizó en un grupo de empresas del sector biotecnológico colombiano. Se planteó una nueva perspectiva en la administración del factor humano enfocada en la sostenibilidad organizacional, y centrada en el análisis de la realidad que experimentan las personas en las organizaciones de hoy.

Sociedades cada vez más cambiantes caracterizan el naciente siglo. En ellas, el fortalecimiento del emprendimiento es determinante como elemento transversal en la formación no sólo de profesionales monodisciplinares sino de personas aptas para incorporarse en las dinámicas del conocimiento y desarrollo socioeconómico de países con profundas necesidades de cambio. Este trabajo presenta un esquema desarrollado desde el programa Consultorio Empresarial de la Universidad Nacional de Colombia, que busca motivar a los egresados a ejercer liderazgo en los sistemas productivos -replanteando el concepto de misión social, entendida como la capacidad de generar riqueza con beneficio social, y fortaleciendo las competencias en emprendimiento- y ofrecer a la sociedad individuos con mayor pertinencia y competencia. Se aborda el emprendimiento desde sus bases conceptuales y se contextualiza en América Latina y en Colombia, analizando el impacto que ha ejercido la academia. Finalmente se explican los antecedentes, componentes y alcances del programa piloto adelantado por la Universidad para fortalecer en sus egresados el emprendimiento y el liderazgo.

The Gorringe Bank is a 5000 m high seamount near the Atlantic coast of Iberia characterized by a 9 m high geoid anomaly and a ~ 120 reGal Bouguer anomaly relative to the surrounding abyssal plains. It has been linked to a NW directed thrust carrying exhumed upper mantle rocks and transitional crust on top of flexed-down Eurasian oceanic crust along the Tagus Abyssal Plain. However, estimations of crustal shortening have yielded dissimilar results, and the deep structure of the ridge remains highly unknown. We present a restored cross section and a new model of the lithospheric structure based on gravity, geoid, elevation, and the presence of serpentinized peridotites. At least 20 km of shortening took place along a flat-ramp-flat thrust fault, and the density structure of the lithosphere is consistent with mantle serpentinization varying from 70% at the surface to 20% at 14 km depth and 0% at 40 km. The topographic relief and gravity anomalies are explained by assuming a flexural isostatic model with an elastic thickness [T.sub.e] of ~30 km. The evolution of the Gorringe Bank since the Late Jurassic is interpreted in relation to Eurasia-Africa-North America plate motion in four stages: (1) transtension between Newfoundland-Iberia and Africa, which generated small oceanic basins and mantle exhumation; (2) opening of the North Atlantic and seafloor spreading at the NW side of the exhumed Gorringe, which produced gabbro intrusions and serpentinization; (3) a quiescent tectonic period dominated by subsidence and sediment accumulation; and (4) a transpressional plate boundary between Eurasia and Africa with NW directed subcrustal thrusting and generation of the present Gorringe relief. doi: 10.1029/2009TC002458.

The Mediterranean Sea became disconnected from the world's oceans and mostly desiccated by evaporation about 5.6 million years ago during the Messinian salinity crisis (1-3). The Atlantic waters found a way through the present Gibraltar Strait and rapidly refilled the Mediterranean 5.33 million years ago in an event known as the Zanclean flood (4). The nature, abruptness and evolution of this flood remain poorly constrained (4-6). Borehole and seismic data show incisions over 250 m deep on both sides of the Gibraltar Strait that have previously been attributed to fluvial erosion during the desiccation (4,7). Here we show the continuity of this 200-km-long channel across the strait and explain its morphology as the result of erosion by the flooding waters, adopting an incision model validated in mountain rivers. This model in turn allows us to estimate the duration of the flood. Although the available data are limited, our findings suggest that the feedback between water flow and incision in the early stages of flooding imply discharges of about [10.sup.8] [m.sup.3] [s.sup.-1] (three orders of magnitude larger than the present Amazon River) and incision rates above 0.4 m per day. Although the flood started at low water discharges that may have lasted for up to several thousand years, our results suggest that 90 per cent of the water was transferred in a short period ranging from a few months to two years. This extremely abrupt flood may have involved peak rates of sea level rise in the Mediterranean of more than ten metres per day., The main evidence for a kilometre-scale sea level drop in the Mediterranean is the excavation of canyons by the rivers flowing to the empty sea during the Messinian stage, up [...]

Avances investigativos generados en la especialización en neuropsicopedagogía, adscrita al Programa de Psicología de la Facultad de Ciencias Sociales y Humanas de la Universidad de Manizales, permitieron proponer una aproximación multidimensional precisa, objetiva e integral para la caracterización neuropsicopedagógica de niños y niñas con Trastorno por Déficit Atencional/Hiperactividad –TDAH–. Dicha aproximación contempla también la evaluación neurofisiológica por medio de potenciales evocados cognitivos y la posibilidad de realizar un análisis automatizado de las bioseñales obtenidas. Lo anterior constituye una herramienta fundamental para implementar procesos de identificación del TDAH y para posteriores estudios sobre desórdenes de comportamiento en la población infantil. En particular, con la sistematización de perfiles neuropsicopedagógicos se pretende arrojar datos potencialmente útiles para el desarrollo de un sistema de evaluación informatizado con aplicabilidad en los campos clínico y educativo, lo cual permitirá no solo un mejor conocimiento del trastorno, sino también mejores criterios predictivos sobre el pronóstico y la respuesta de planes de intervención establecidos, entre otros. En este artículo se presentan los componentes que permitieron estructurar el protocolo neuropsicopedagógico y la articulación de los componentes neurofisiológicos y biomédicos, así como algunos resultados preliminares en cada uno de dichos componentes.

[1] We perform numerical modeling to investigate the mechanisms leading to the postcollisional tectonic evolution of the Alps. We model the lithospheric deformation as a viscous thin sheet with vertically averaged rheology and coupled with surface mass transport. The applied kinematic boundary conditions simulate the convergence between the Adria indenter and the European foreland during the last 35 Myr. Model predictions of elevation, lithospheric structure, erosion/sedimentation pattern and vertical axis rotation are compared with observations of the planform shape of the chain, topography, crustal thickness, distribution of rock exhumation and sediment thickness, and paleomagnetic rotations. Thickening of the lithosphere in the Alpine region is shown to be highly sensitive to the assumed viscosity law, to the strength contrasts between the different regions and to the surface mass transport. Modeling results indicate that the large-scale deformation of the Alps during the postcollisional phase is mainly controlled by accommodation of convergence in a weak orogenic zone caught between a nearly rigid Adria plate and a strong European foreland. Modeling of the present-day stress field shows that (1) the present rotation of Adria is responsible for the change of extension direction from strike-perpendicular in the western Alps to strike-parallel in the east and (2) the strike-perpendicular extension observed in the western Alps is likely due to lateral variations of gravitational potential energy. The results suggest a NNE shift of about 700 km of the Euler pole of Adria relative to Europe from its mean position during postcollisional deformation to the present day. doi: 10.1029/2004TC001754.

[1] We analyze the Cenozoic topographic evolution of the Catalan Coastal Ranges (NE Spain) and the role of fault activity, erosion, sedimentation, and isostasy in controlling uplift and subsidence. A forward numerical model constrained by an extensive geological and geophysical data set is used to examine the temporal and spatial record of Cenozoic vertical motions. We show that the effect of isostasy, erosion, and sedimentation is as important as the contribution of fault deformation to the topography of the Catalan Coastal Ranges. The model predicts that Paleogene topography generation by thrusting was compensated by erosion (up to 1.3 km) and isostatic subsidence (up to 1.2 km), resulting in a 1.2-1.9 km high mountain range by the end of compression (29 Ma). During the Neogene, strong tectonic subsidence related to normal faulting and the consequent flexural uplift (of 0.7-1.2 km), surface erosion (as much as 1.6-2.3 km), and sedimentation (up to 4.5 km) led to the present landscape configuration. Extension rates along the Barcelona fault controlled flexural uplift and, in combination with erosion and sedimentation processes, led to the migration of the topographic maximum of the Prelitoral Range toward the easternmost Ebro Basin. INDEX TERMS: 8105 Tectonophysics: Continental margins and sedimentary basins (1212); 8015 Structural Geology: Local crustal structure; 3210 Mathematical Geophysics: Modeling; 8109 Tectonophysics: Continental tectonics--extensional (0905); KEYWORDS: modeling, vertical motions, NE Spain. Citation: Gaspar-Escribano, J. M., D. Garcia-Castellanos, E. Roca, and S. Cloetingh (2004), Cenozoic verticaI motions of the Catalan Coastal Ranges (NE Spain): The role of tectonics, isostasy, and surface transport.

Se explora la noción de competitividad así como sus posibilidades de medición, de igual forma, se evalúa la problemática de competitividad en pequeñas empresas. Posteriormente se presenta la idea de integración, como alternativa para estas empresas y así mejorar sus posibilidades de supervivencia y crecimiento en los mercados.

[1] Integration of stress indicator data, gravity data, crustal kinematics data, and analysis of topography and recent vertical motions demonstrates the occurrence of consistently oriented spatial patterns of large-scale Alpine to recent intraplate deformation in Iberia. The inferred upper crustal and lithospheric deformation patterns and the timing of the associated expressions at or near the surface support the existence of a close coupling with plate boundary processes operating at the margins of Iberia. Patterns of lithosphere and upper crustal folds are oriented perpendicular to the main axis of present-day intraplate compression in Iberia inferred from structural analysis of stress indicator data and focal mechanism solutions. These findings suggest the presence of lithospheric folds, with wavelengths compatible with theoretical predictions of folding wavelengths of Variscan lithosphere. Stress-induced intraplate deformation set up by plate interactions is compatible with indications for the absence of present-day deep mantle-lithosphere interactions inferred from seismic tomography. INDEX TERMS: 8105 Tectonophysics: Continental margins and sedimentary basins; 8107 Tectonophysics: Continental neotectonics; 8122 Tectonophysics: Dynamics, gravity and tectonics; 8159 Tectonophysics: Evolution of the Earth Rheology--crust and lithosphere; 8164 Tectonophysics: Evolution of the Earth Stresses--crust and lithosphere; KEYWORDS: lithospheric folding, intraplate deformation, Iberia, recent vertical motions, drainage patterns. Citation: Cloetingh, S., E. Burov, F. Beekman, B. Andeweg, P. A. M. Andriessen, D. Garcia-Castellanos, G. de Vicente, and R. Vegas, Lithospheric folding in Iberia, Tectonics, 21(5), 1041, doi: 10.1029/2001TC901031, 2002. Received 31 July 2001; revised 27 December 2001; accepted 15 January 2002; published 4 October 2002.

Catastrophic meltwater drainage from glacial Lake Agassiz has been hypothesized as a trigger for large‐scale ocean circulation change initiating the Younger Dryas cold reversal. Here we quantify the flood discharge that formed the northwestern outlet of Lake Agassiz using a one‐dimensional step‐backwater model and a zero‐dimension gradual‐incision model. Applying these two independent models, we estimate a peak discharge range of 1.8–2.5 × 106 m3 s−1 and a flood volume of ∼21,000 km3. Such a discharge can only be derived from Lake Agassiz rather than one of the two smaller regional glacial lakes: Churchill or Meadow. When coupled with existing ice margin chronologies, these results demonstrate that the northwestern outlet of Lake Agassiz provides a viable link for catastrophic meltwater to drain to the Arctic Ocean over a 6–9 month period during the Younger Dryas, though it is unclear whether this was near its beginning. Plain Language Summary: The Younger Dryas was a short‐lived interval of cooling that interrupted warming during the last deglaciation. The cause of this rapid change in climate is debated. One suggestion is the drainage of meltwater from glacial Lake Agassiz, a large ice‐dammed lake in central North America, into the surrounding oceans may have affected ocean circulation, contributing to this climatic event. Here we model the discharge of water from the northwestern outlet of this lake. We estimate the discharge and demonstrate the connection between Lake Agassiz and the Arctic Ocean during the Younger Dryas. Key Points: Peak discharge modeled for the northwestern outlet of glacial Lake AgassizMagnitude of drainage estimated at 1.8–2.5 × 106 m3 s−1 (1.8–2.5 Sv)Northwestern outlet of glacial Lake Agassiz provides a viable link for catastrophic meltwater to the Arctic Ocean during the Younger Dryas [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The modes in which the lithosphere deforms during continental collision and the mechanisms involved are not well understood. While continental subduction and mantle delamination are often invoked in tectonophysical studies, these processes are difficult to be confirmed in more complex tectonic regions such as the Gibraltar Arc. We study the present‐day density and compositional structure of the lithosphere along a transect running from South Iberia to North Africa crossing the western Gibraltar Arc. This region is located in the westernmost continental segment of the African‐Eurasian plates, characterized by a diffuse transpressive plate boundary. An integrated and self‐consistent geophysical‐petrological methodology is used to model the lithosphere structure variations and the thermophysical properties of the upper mantle. The crustal structure is mainly constrained by seismic experiments and geological data, whereas the composition of the lithospheric mantle is constrained by xenolith data. The results show large lateral variations in the topography of the lithosphere‐asthenosphere boundary. We distinguish different chemical lithospheric mantle domains that reproduce the main trends of the geophysical observables and the modeled P and S wave seismic velocities. A sublithospheric body colder than the surrounding mantle is needed beneath the Betics‐Rif to adjust the measured potential fields. We link this body to the Iberian slab localized just to the east of the profile and having some effect on the geoid and Bouguer anomalies. Local isostasy allows explaining most of the topography, but an elastic thickness higher than 10 km is needed to explain local misfits between the Atlas and the Rif Mountains. Key Points: Lithosphere structure and upper mantle thermophysical properties in the Gibraltar Arc‐Atlas is obtained using an integrated geophysical‐petrological modelA sublithospheric thermo‐compositional anomaly is found across the Iberia‐Africa plate boundary (Gibraltar)The thick lithosphere beneath the Betics and Rif tectonic domain, related to the W‐E slab, pulls down the topography about 1,500 m [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tectonic extension of continental lithosphere creates accommodation space in which sediments are deposited. Climate‐driven processes provide the mechanism by which mass is detached from hillslopes and sediments are transported into this accommodation space. These two forcings, climate and tectonics, act together to create either endorheic (internally drained) or exorheic (externally drained) rift basins. Here we use a large‐scale dynamic landscape evolution‐tectonics model to understand the contribution of tectonic processes in endorheic‐exorheic transitions. In the model, extension results in opening of an asymmetric half‐graben along a listric normal fault. Rift opening occurs in the models in wet, temperate, or semiarid climates where runoff and evapotranspiration are varied. Our numerical experiments show that slow rift‐opening rates, a slowing‐down of rift opening, or increase of headwater topography (e.g., upstream epeirogenic uplift), are tectonic situations that can cause a transition from an endorheic to an exorheic drainage state in a rift basin. Our results also show that wet climate conditions lead to a permanent exorheism that persists regardless of rift‐opening rates. In semiarid climates, endorheic conditions are favored and may last for the duration of rifting except for when rift opening is very slow. These results form an interpretive framework to study endorheic and exorheic drainage systems in natural continental rifts. In the slow‐opening Rio Grande rift, the endorheic‐exorheic transition may have occurred without dramatic climate changes. Lake‐level variations in East African rift basins are predicted by our models to result from variations in climate. Key Points: Endorheic‐exorheic transitions in narrow rift basins do not require a change in climateTectonic processes that favor such transitions include upstream epeirogenic uplift or slow (ing down of) rift openingEndorheic conditions are favored in semiarid climates; exorheic conditions are common in wet climates [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction. Negative pressure therapy (TPN) has been used for the treatment of complex wounds associated with tissue loss for approximately 20 years, and its usefulness in pediatric patients has been observed. Material and Methods. A cross-sectional, retrospective, descriptive study was carried out, the data were collected through the clinical file of patients treated with this method, including in the study regardless of the reason for which TPN was applied. Results. A total of seven patients with complex wounds, of different dimensions, and involving different anatomical regions, with an important loss of tissue were included. Three of the patients suffered injuries secondary to multiple injuries, including traumatic amputations, two due to contaminated wound dehiscence, one patient with decubitus ulceration and one patient with Fournier gangrene. After the start with TPN patients were kept negative cultures during their treatment, in addition to maintaining antibiotic therapy based on clindamycin, except one of the patients, in which positive culture was reported prior to placement of TPN with Pseudomonas isolated germ Aeruginosa, which required broad spectrum management. None of the patients presented complications associated with TPN, all developed an adequate granulation tissue favoring early closure. Three of the patients underwent wound closure with a flap rotation. And four by third intention. Discussion. Through the observed results, treatment with TPN is safe and effective, since in our study there were no complications or morbidities allowing its early repair as part of the joint management with the use of antibiotics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Objectives: China is in the midst of the nutrition transition with increasing rates of obesity and dietary changes. One contributor is the increase in fast food chains within the country. The purpose of this study was to develop a theory-based instrument that explores influencing factors of fast food consumption in adolescents residing in Beijing, China. Design: Cross-sectional study. Methods: Value expectancy and theory of planned behaviour were utilised to explore influencing factors of fast food consumption in the target population. There were 201 Chinese adolescents between the ages of 12 and 18. Cronbach's alpha correlation coefficients were used to examine internal reliability of the theory-based questionnaire. Bivariate correlations and a MANOVA were utilised to determine the relationship between theory-based constructs, body mass index (BMI)-for-age and fast food intake frequency as well as to determine differences in theory-based scores among fast food consumption frequency groupings. Results: The theory-based questionnaire showed good reliability. Furthermore, there was a significant difference in the theory-based subcategory scores between fast food frequency groups. A significant positive correlation was observed between times per week fast food was consumed and each theory-based subscale score. Using BMI-for-age of 176 participants, 81% were normal weight and 19% were considered overweight or obese. Results showed consumption of fast food to be on average 1.50 ± 1.33 per week. The relationship between BMI-for-age and times per week fast food was consumed was not significant. Conclusions: As the nutrition transition continues and fast food chains expand, it is important to explore factors effecting fast food consumption in China. Interventions targeting influencing factors can be developed to encourage healthy dietary choice in the midst of this transition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Mediterranean basin was practically a desert 5.6 million years ago. Then, abruptly, it became a sea. It filled with water in less than two years, when the Atlantic Ocean [...]

[1] Previous quantitative studies dealing with the origin of foreland basins have focused primarily either on the rheological basis of the lithosphere mechanical response or on the relationship between orogenic loading and sediment geometry. To link the evolution of the Guadalquivir foreland basin (South Iberia) with the thermomechanical stratification of the Iberian lithosphere, we combine quantitative approaches to deep and shallow processes: thrust loading, lithospheric flexure, thickness changes of the crust and the lithospheric mantle, and surface mass transport. A planform flexural analysis of the presentday load distribution shows that basement subsidence is related not only to upper crustal thrusting but also to a deep-seated additional load. On the basis of the observed gravity and geoid fields, we propose this additional load to be related to a lithospheric mantle thickening larger than the coeval crustal thickening. Further modeling of the evolution of a basin cross section reveals that the architecture of the sedimentary basin is additionally related to the lithosphere rheological response. The quantitative study of the evolution of basement faulting and the forebulge uplift of Sierra Morena leads us to conclude that viscous stress relaxation and/or plastic yielding within the lithosphere are key processes to explain the flexural evolution of the basin. INDEX TERMS: 8105 Tectonophysics: Continental margins and sedimentary basins; 8102 Tectonophysics: Continental contractional orogenic belts; 8120 Tectonophysics: Dynamics of lithosphere and mantle--general; 8122 Tectonophysics: Dynamics, gravity and tectonics; 8158 Tectonophysics: Evolution of the Earth: Plate motions--present and recent (3040); KEYWORDS: lithospheric flexure, anelastic rheology, basin architecture, hidden load, Betic Range, Sierra Morena

SUMMARY The aim of this work is to propose a first-order estimate of the crustal and lithospheric mantle geometry of the Arabia-Eurasia collision zone and to separate the measured Bouguer anomaly into its regional and local components. The crustal and lithospheric mantle structure is calculated from the geoid height and elevation data combined with thermal analysis. Our results show that Moho depth varies from ∼42 km at the Mesopotamian-Persian Gulf foreland basin to ∼60 km below the High Zagros. The lithosphere is thicker beneath the foreland basin (∼200 km) and thinner underneath the High Zagros and Central Iran (∼140 km). Most of this lithospheric mantle thinning is accommodated under the Zagros mountain belt coinciding with the suture between two different mantle domains on the Sanandaj-Sirjan Zone. The regional gravity field is obtained by calculating the gravimetric response of the 3-D crustal and lithospheric mantle structure obtained by combining elevation and geoid data. The calculated regional Bouguer anomaly differs noticeably from those obtained by filtering or just isostatic methods. The residual gravity anomaly, obtained by subtraction of the regional components to the measured field, is analyzed in terms of the dominating upper crustal structures. Deep basins and areas with salt deposits are characterized by negative values (∼−20 mGal), whereas the positive values are related to igneous and ophiolite complexes and shallow basement depths (∼20 mGal). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Quantified balanced and restored crustal cross-sections across the NW Zagros Mountains are presented in this work integrating geological and geophysical local and global datasets. The balanced crustal cross-section reproduces the surficial folding and thrusting of the thick cover succession, including the near top of the Sarvak Formation (~90 Ma) that forms the top of the restored crustal cross-section. The base of the Arabian crust in the balanced cross-section is constrained by recently published seismic receiver function results showing a deepening of the Moho from 42 ± 2 km in the undeformed foreland basin to 56 ± 2 km beneath the High Zagros. The internal parts of the deformed crustal cross-section are constrained by new seismic tomographic sections imaging a ~50° NE-dipping sharp contact between the Arabian and Iranian crusts. These surfaces bound an area of 10800 km2 that should be kept constant during the Zagros orogeny. The Arabian crustal cross-section is restored using six different tectonosedimentary domains according to their sedimentary facies and palaeobathymetries, and assuming Airy isostasy and area conservation. While the two southwestern domains were directly determined from well-constrained surface data, the reconstruction of the distal domains to the NE was made using the recent margin model of Wrobel-Daveau et al. (2010) and fitting the total area calculated in the balanced cross-section. The Arabian continental–oceanic boundary, at the time corresponding to the near top of the Sarvak Formation, is located 169 km to the NE of the trace of the Main Recent Fault. Shortening is estimated at ~180 km for the cover rocks and ~149 km for the Arabian basement, including all compressional events from Late Cretaceous to Recent time, with an average shortening rate of ~2 mm yr−1 for the last 90 Ma. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]