Search

Your search keyword '"Castellano, Michael"' showing total 254 results
Start Over Author "Castellano, Michael" Search Limiters Peer Reviewed
254 results on '"Castellano, Michael"'

5. Harvest index has increased over the last 50 years of maize breeding

Author

Ruiz, Alejo, Trifunovic, Slobodan, Eudy, Douglas M., Sciarresi, Cintia S., Baum, Mitchell, Danalatos, Gerasimos J.N., Elli, Elvis F., Kalogeropoulos, Georgios, King, Kyle, dos Santos, Caio, Thies, August, Pico, Lia Olmedo, Castellano, Michael J., Schnable, Patrick S., Topp, Christopher, Graham, Michael, Lamkey, Kendall R., Vyn, Tony J., and Archontoulis, Sotirios V.

Published
2023
Full Text
View/download PDF

8. Status of the World's Soils.

Author

Smith, Pete, Poch, Rosa M., Lobb, David A., Bhattacharyya, Ranjan, Alloush, Ghiath, Eudoxie, Gaius D., Anjos, Lúcia H.C., Castellano, Michael, Ndzana, Georges M., Chenu, Claire, Naidu, Ravi, Vijayanathan, Jeyanny, Muscolo, Adele M., Studdert, Guillermo A., Eugenio, Natalia Rodriguez, Calzolari, M. Costanza, Amuri, Nyambilila, and Hallett, Paul

Subjects
SOIL management, SOIL degradation, WATER quality management, ENVIRONMENTAL degradation, SOIL quality
Abstract

Healthy soils contribute to a wide range of ecosystem services and virtually all of the UN Sustainable Development Goals, but most of the world's soil resources are in only fair, poor, or very poor condition, and conditions are getting worse in more cases than they are improving. A total of 33% of all soils are moderately to highly degraded as a result of erosion, loss of organic matter, poor nutrient balance, salinization and alkalinization, contamination, acidification, loss of biodiversity, sealing, compaction, and poor water status. Best management practices are available to limit or mitigate threats to soil health, and many of them mitigate multiple soil threats. In many regions of the world, policies or initiatives to protect or enhance the status of soils are in place, and they need to be strengthened and enforced. The Food and Agriculture Organisation will publish its second comprehensive assessment of the status of the world's soils in 2025, and this review provides an interim update on world soil status and offers an accessible overview of the topic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
Full Text
View/download PDF

11. Ranking genotype, environment, management effects on the optimum nitrogen rate for maize: A cropping system modeling analysis.

Author

Baum, Mitchell E., Sawyer, John E., Castellano, Michael J., and Archontoulis, Sotirios V.

Abstract

Ranking the contribution of genotype, environment, and management (G × E × M) on maize's economic optimum nitrogen fertilizer rate (EONR) variability could improve understanding and predictability of EONR. We performed a simulation experiment using the Agricultural Production Systems sIMulator model with the objectives to (1) rank the effects of 24 individual G × E × M factors on the magnitude and interannual variability of the EONR across the US Midwest and (2) investigate the impact of G × M factors on the EONR variability under present and future climate scenarios. Results indicate that genetics (27%), management (31%), and environmental conditions (41%) each influence the EONR variability. Within these broad categories, the top three individual factors impacting the EONR were interannual weather variability, crop radiation use efficiency, and the soil inorganic N carryover from the previous year. The G × E × M factors influenced the yield response to N fertilizer in different ways. Soil‐related factors (e.g., organic matter and residual nitrate) influenced grain yields at the low N rates, while management factors (e.g., planting date and density) influenced yield at all N rates. Combining increases in plant density and changes in genetics synergistically increased the EONR by 15% from baseline. Future climate scenarios without adaptation decreased the EONR and yield loss, but crop adaptation was buffered against the negative climate change impacts. We concluded that 59% of the annual EONR variability is manageable (due to genetics and management) and that G × M factors could buffer climate change's negative effects on crop production. Present results can inform experimental research on N fertilizer and N rate decisions. Core Ideas: Genotype, management, and environment explained 27%, 31%, and 41% of the economic optimum N rate (EONR) variability.Weather variability, crop radiation use efficiency, and inorganic nitrogen were the most influential factors on the EONR.Soil nitrogen‐related factors mostly affected the grain yield at low N‐fertilizer rates.Increases in plant density and changes in genetics synergistically increased EONR. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
Full Text
View/download PDF

22. Soil organic carbon loss decreases biodiversity but stimulates multitrophic interactions that promote belowground metabolism.

Author

Li, Ye, Chen, Zengming, Wagg, Cameron, Castellano, Michael J., Zhang, Nan, and Ding, Weixin

Subjects
CARBON in soils, ENVIRONMENTAL degradation, SOIL ecology, EFFECT of human beings on climate change, BIODIVERSITY, METABOLISM, SOIL microbial ecology, EUKARYOTES
Abstract

Soil organic carbon (SOC) plays an essential role in mediating community structure and metabolic activities of belowground biota. Unraveling the evolution of belowground communities and their feedback mechanisms on SOC dynamics helps embed the ecology of soil microbiome into carbon cycling, which serves to improve biodiversity conservation and carbon management strategy under global change. Here, croplands with a SOC gradient were used to understand how belowground metabolisms and SOC decomposition were linked to the diversity, composition, and co‐occurrence networks of belowground communities encompassing archaea, bacteria, fungi, protists, and invertebrates. As SOC decreased, the diversity of prokaryotes and eukaryotes also decreased, but their network complexity showed contrasting patterns: prokaryotes increased due to intensified niche overlap, while that of eukaryotes decreased possibly because of greater dispersal limitation owing to the breakdown of macroaggregates. Despite the decrease in biodiversity and SOC stocks, the belowground metabolic capacity was enhanced as indicated by increased enzyme activity and decreased enzymatic stoichiometric imbalance. This could, in turn, expedite carbon loss through respiration, particularly in the slow‐cycling pool. The enhanced belowground metabolic capacity was dominantly driven by greater multitrophic network complexity and particularly negative (competitive and predator–prey) associations, which fostered the stability of the belowground metacommunity. Interestingly, soil abiotic conditions including pH, aeration, and nutrient stocks, exhibited a less significant role. Overall, this study reveals a greater need for soil C resources across multitrophic levels to maintain metabolic functionality as declining SOC results in biodiversity loss. Our researchers highlight the importance of integrating belowground biological processes into models of SOC turnover, to improve agroecosystem functioning and carbon management in face of intensifying anthropogenic land‐use and climate change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
Full Text
View/download PDF

24. Considerations and consequences of allowing DNA sequence data as types of fungal taxa

Author

Zamora, Juan Carlos, Svensson, Måns, Kirschner, Roland, Olariaga, Ibai, Ryman, Svengunnar, Parra, Luis Alberto, Geml, József, Rosling, Anna, Adamčík, Slavomír, Ahti, Teuvo, Aime, M. Catherine, Ainsworth, A. Martyn, Albert, László, Albertó, Edgardo, García, Alberto Altés, Ageev, Dmitry, Agerer, Reinhard, Aguirre-Hudson, Begoña, Ammirati, Joe, Andersson, Harry, Angelini, Claudio, Antonín, Vladimír, Aoki, Takayuki, Aptroot, André, Argaud, Didier, Sosa, Blanca Imelda Arguello, Aronsen, Arne, Arup, Ulf, Asgari, Bita, Assyov, Boris, Atienza, Violeta, Bandini, Ditte, Baptista-Ferreira, João Luís, Baral, Hans-Otto, Baroni, Tim, Barreto, Robert Weingart, Beker, Henry, Bell, Ann, Bellanger, Jean-Michel, Bellù, Francesco, Bemmann, Martin, Bendiksby, Mika, Bendiksen, Egil, Bendiksen, Katriina, Benedek, Lajos, Bérešová-Guttová, Anna, Berger, Franz, Berndt, Reinhard, Bernicchia, Annarosa, Biketova, Alona Yu., Bizio, Enrico, Bjork, Curtis, Boekhout, Teun, Boertmann, David, Böhning, Tanja, Boittin, Florent, Boluda, Carlos G., Boomsluiter, Menno W., Borovička, Jan, Brandrud, Tor Erik, Braun, Uwe, Brodo, Irwin, Bulyonkova, Tatiana, Burdsall, Jr., Harold H., Buyck, Bart, Burgaz, Ana Rosa, Calatayud, Vicent, Callac, Philippe, Campo, Emanuele, Candusso, Massimo, Capoen, Brigitte, Carbó, Joaquim, Carbone, Matteo, Castañeda-Ruiz, Rafael F., Castellano, Michael A., Chen, Jie, Clerc, Philippe, Consiglio, Giovanni, Corriol, Gilles, Courtecuisse, Régis, Crespo, Ana, Cripps, Cathy, Crous, Pedro W., da Silva, Gladstone Alves, da Silva, Meiriele, Dam, Marjo, Dam, Nico, Dämmrich, Frank, Das, Kanad, Davies, Linda, De Crop, Eske, De Kesel, Andre, De Lange, Ruben, De Madrignac Bonzi, Bárbara, dela Cruz, Thomas Edison E., Delgat, Lynn, Demoulin, Vincent, Desjardin, Dennis E., Diederich, Paul, Dima, Bálint, Dios, Maria Martha, Divakar, Pradeep Kumar, Douanla-Meli, Clovis, Douglas, Brian, Drechsler-Santos, Elisandro Ricardo, Dyer, Paul S., Eberhardt, Ursula, Ertz, Damien, Esteve-Raventós, Fernando, Salazar, Javier Angel Etayo, Evenson, Vera, Eyssartier, Guillaume, Farkas, Edit, Favre, Alain, Fedosova, Anna G., Filippa, Mario, Finy, Péter, Flakus, Adam, Fos, Simón, Fournier, Jacques, Fraiture, André, Franchi, Paolo, Molano, Ana Esperanza Franco, Friebes, Gernot, Frisch, Andreas, Fryday, Alan, Furci, Giuliana, Márquez, Ricardo Galán, Garbelotto, Matteo, García-Martín, Joaquina María, Otálora, Mónica A. García, Sánchez, Dania García, Gardiennet, Alain, Garnica, Sigisfredo, Benavent, Isaac Garrido, Gates, Genevieve, da Gerlach, Alice Cruz Lima, Ghobad-Nejhad, Masoomeh, Gibertoni, Tatiana B., Grebenc, Tine, Greilhuber, Irmgard, Grishkan, Bella, Groenewald, Johannes Z., Grube, Martin, Gruhn, Gérald, Gueidan, Cécile, Gulden, Gro, Gusmão, Luis F. P., Hafellner, Josef, Hairaud, Michel, Halama, Marek, Hallenberg, Nils, Halling, Roy E., Hansen, Karen, Harder, Christoffer Bugge, Heilmann-Clausen, Jacob, Helleman, Stip, Henriot, Alain, Hernandez-Restrepo, Margarita, Herve, Raphaël, Hobart, Caroline, Hoffmeister, Mascha, Høiland, Klaus, Holec, Jan, Holien, Håkon, Hughes, Karen, Hubka, Vit, Huhtinen, Seppo, Ivančević, Boris, Jagers, Marian, Jaklitsch, Walter, Jansen, AnnaElise, Jayawardena, Ruvishika S., Jeppesen, Thomas Stjernegaard, Jeppson, Mikael, Johnston, Peter, Jørgensen, Per Magnus, Kärnefelt, Ingvar, Kalinina, Liudmila B., Kantvilas, Gintaras, Karadelev, Mitko, Kasuya, Taiga, Kautmanová, Ivona, Kerrigan, Richard W., Kirchmair, Martin, Kiyashko, Anna, Knapp, Dániel G., Knudsen, Henning, Knudsen, Kerry, Knutsson, Tommy, Kolařík, Miroslav, Kõljalg, Urmas, Košuthová, Alica, Koszka, Attila, Kotiranta, Heikki, Kotkova, Vera, Koukol, Ondřej, Kout, Jiří, Kovács, Gábor M., Kříž, Martin, Kruys, Åsa, Kučera, Viktor, Kudzma, Linas, Kuhar, Francisco, Kukwa, Martin, Kumar, T. K. Arun, Kunca, Vladimír, Kušan, Ivana, Kuyper, Thomas W., Lado, Carlos, Læssøe, Thomas, Lainé, Patrice, Langer, Ewald, Larsson, Ellen, Larsson, Karl-Henrik, Laursen, Gary, Lechat, Christian, Lee, Serena, Lendemer, James C., Levin, Laura, Lindemann, Uwe, Lindström, Håkan, Liu, Xingzhong, Hernandez, Regulo Carlos Llarena, Llop, Esteve, Locsmándi, Csaba, Lodge, Deborah Jean, Loizides, Michael, Lőkös, László, Luangsa-ard, Jennifer, Lüderitz, Matthias, Lumbsch, Thorsten, Lutz, Matthias, Mahoney, Dan, Malysheva, Ekaterina, Malysheva, Vera, Manimohan, Patinjareveettil, Marin-Felix, Yasmina, Marques, Guilhermina, Martínez-Gil, Rubén, Marson, Guy, Mata, Gerardo, Matheny, P. Brandon, Mathiassen, Geir Harald, Matočec, Neven, Mayrhofer, Helmut, Mehrabi, Mehdi, Melo, Ireneia, Mešić, Armin, Methven, Andrew S., Miettinen, Otto, Romero, Ana M. Millanes, Miller, Andrew N., Mitchell, James K., Moberg, Roland, Moreau, Pierre-Arthur, Moreno, Gabriel, Morozova, Olga, Morte, Asunción, Muggia, Lucia, González, Guillermo Muñoz, Myllys, Leena, Nagy, István, Nagy, László G., Neves, Maria Alice, Niemelä, Tuomo, Nimis, Pier Luigi, Niveiro, Nicolas, Noordeloos, Machiel E., Nordin, Anders, Noumeur, Sara Raouia, Novozhilov, Yuri, Nuytinck, Jorinde, Ohenoja, Esteri, Fiuza, Patricia Oliveira, Orange, Alan, Ordynets, Alexander, Ortiz-Santana, Beatriz, Pacheco, Leticia, Pál-Fám, Ferenc, Palacio, Melissa, Palice, Zdeněk, Papp, Viktor, Pärtel, Kadri, Pawlowska, Julia, Paz, Aurelia, Peintner, Ursula, Pennycook, Shaun, Pereira, Olinto Liparini, Daniëls, Pablo Pérez, Capella, Miquel À. Pérez-De-Gregorio, del Amo, Carlos Manuel Pérez, Gorjón, Sergio Pérez, Pérez-Ortega, Sergio, Pérez-Vargas, Israel, Perry, Brian A., Petersen, Jens H., Petersen, Ronald H., Pfister, Donald H., Phukhamsakda, Chayanard, Piątek, Marcin, Piepenbring, Meike, Pino-Bodas, Raquel, Esquivel, Juan Pablo Pinzón, Pirot, Paul, Popov, Eugene S., Popoff, Orlando, Álvaro, María Prieto, Printzen, Christian, Psurtseva, Nadezhda, Purahong, Witoon, Quijada, Luis, Rambold, Gerhard, Ramírez, Natalia A., Raja, Huzefa, Raspé, Olivier, Raymundo, Tania, Réblová, Martina, Rebriev, Yury A., García, Juan de Dios Reyes, Ripoll, Miguel Ángel Ribes, Richard, Franck, Richardson, Mike J., Rico, Víctor J., Robledo, Gerardo Lucio, Barbosa, Flavia Rodrigues, Rodriguez-Caycedo, Cristina, Rodriguez-Flakus, Pamela, Ronikier, Anna, Casas, Luis Rubio, Rusevska, Katerina, Saar, Günter, Saar, Irja, Salcedo, Isabel, Martínez, Sergio M. Salcedo, Montoya, Carlos A. Salvador, Sánchez-Ramírez, Santiago, Sandoval-Sierra, J. Vladimir, Santamaria, Sergi, Monteiro, Josiane Santana, Schroers, Hans Josef, Schulz, Barbara, Schmidt-Stohn, Geert, Schumacher, Trond, Senn-Irlet, Beatrice, Ševčíková, Hana, Shchepin, Oleg, Shirouzu, Takashi, Shiryaev, Anton, Siepe, Klaus, Sir, Esteban B., Sohrabi, Mohammad, Soop, Karl, Spirin, Viacheslav, Spribille, Toby, Stadler, Marc, Stalpers, Joost, Stenroos, Soili, Suija, Ave, Sunhede, Stellan, Svantesson, Sten, Svensson, Sigvard, Svetasheva, Tatyana Yu., Świerkosz, Krzysztof, Tamm, Heidi, Taskin, Hatira, Taudière, Adrien, Tedebrand, Jan-Olof, Lahoz, Raúl Tena, Temina, Marina, Thell, Arne, Thines, Marco, Thor, Göran, Thüs, Holger, Tibell, Leif, Tibell, Sanja, Timdal, Einar, Tkalčec, Zdenko, Tønsberg, Tor, Trichies, Gérard, Triebel, Dagmar, Tsurykau, Andrei, Tulloss, Rodham E., Tuovinen, Veera, Sosa, Miguel Ulloa, Urcelay, Carlos, Valade, François, Garza, Ricardo Valenzuela, van den Boom, Pieter, Van Vooren, Nicolas, Vasco-Palacios, Aida M., Vauras, Jukka, Santos, Juan Manuel Velasco, Vellinga, Else, Verbeken, Annemieke, Vetlesen, Per, Vizzini, Alfredo, Voglmayr, Hermann, Volobuev, Sergey, von Brackel, Wolfgang, Voronina, Elena, Walther, Grit, Watling, Roy, Weber, Evi, Wedin, Mats, Weholt, Øyvind, Westberg, Martin, Yurchenko, Eugene, Zehnálek, Petr, Zhang, Huang, Zhurbenko, Mikhail P., and Ekman, Stefan

Published
2018
Full Text
View/download PDF

26. Phenotypic and genome-wide association analyses for nitrogen use efficiency related traits in maize (Zea mays L.) exotic introgression lines.

Author

Sanchez, Darlene L., Santana, Alice Silva, Morais, Palloma Indiara Caproni, Peterlini, Edicarlos, De La Fuente, Gerald, Castellano, Michael J., Blanco, Michael, and Lübberstedt, Thomas

Subjects
GENOME-wide association studies, PHENOTYPES, NITROGEN analysis, GENETIC variation, NITROGEN fertilizers, CORN
Abstract

Nitrogen (N) limits crop production, yet more than half of N fertilizer inputs are lost to the environment. Developing maize hybrids with improved N use efficiency can help minimize N losses and in turn reduce adverse ecological, economical, and health consequences. This study aimed to identify single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with agronomic traits (plant height, grain yield, and anthesis to silking interval) under high and low N conditions. A genome-wide association study (GWAS) was conducted using 181 doubled haploid (DH) lines derived from crosses between landraces from the Germplasm Enhancement of Maize (BGEM lines) project and two inbreds, PHB47 and PHZ51. These DH lines were genotyped using 62,077 SNP markers. The same lines from the per se trials were used as parental lines for the testcross field trials. Plant height, anthesis to silking interval, and grain yield were collected from high and low N conditions in three environments for both per se and testcross trials. We used three GWAS models, namely, general linear model (GLM), mixed linear model (MLM), and Fixed and Random model Circulating Probability Unification (FarmCPU) model. We observed significant genetic variation among the DH lines and their derived testcrosses. Interestingly, some testcrosses of exotic introgression lines were superior under high and low N conditions compared to the check hybrid, PHB47/PHZ51. We detected multiple SNPs associated with agronomic traits under high and low N, some of which colocalized with gene models associated with stress response and N metabolism. The BGEM panel is, thus, a promising source of allelic diversity for genes controlling agronomic traits under different N conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
Full Text
View/download PDF

29. Effects of litter traits, soil biota, and soil chemistry on soil carbon stocks at a common garden with 14 tree species

Author

Mueller, Kevin E., Hobbie, Sarah E., Chorover, Jon, Reich, Peter B., Eisenhauer, Nico, Castellano, Michael J., Chadwick, Oliver A., Dobies, Tomasz, Hale, Cynthia M., Jagodziński, Andrzej M., Kałucka, Izabela, Kieliszewska-Rokicka, Barbara, Modrzyński, Jerzy, Rożen, Anna, Skorupski, Maciej, Sobczyk, Łukasz, Stasińska, Małgorzata, Trocha, Lidia K., Weiner, January, Wierzbicka, Anna, and Oleksyn, Jacek

Published
2015

33. Soil depth and geographic distance modulate bacterial β‐diversity in deep soil profiles throughout the U.S. Corn Belt.

Author

Lopes, Lucas Dantas, Futrell, Stephanie L., Wright, Emily E., Danalatos, Gerasimos J., Castellano, Michael J., Vyn, Tony J., Archontoulis, Sotirios V., and Schachtman, Daniel P.

Subjects
SOIL depth, SOIL profiles, TOPSOIL, MICROBIAL ecology, SUBSOILS, BACTERIAL communities, CORN
Abstract

Understanding how microbial communities are shaped across spatial dimensions is of fundamental importance in microbial ecology. However, most studies on soil biogeography have focused on the topsoil microbiome, while the factors driving the subsoil microbiome distribution are largely unknown. Here we used 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing to analyse the factors underlying the bacterial β‐diversity along vertical (0–240 cm of soil depth) and horizontal spatial dimensions (~500,000 km2) in the U.S. Corn Belt. With these data we tested whether the horizontal or vertical spatial variation had stronger impacts on the taxonomic (Bray‐Curtis) and phylogenetic (weighted Unifrac) β‐diversity. Additionally, we assessed whether the distance‐decay (horizontal dimension) was greater in the topsoil (0–30 cm) or subsoil (in each 30 cm layer from 30–240 cm) using Mantel tests. The influence of geographic distance versus edaphic variables on the bacterial communities from the different soil layers was also compared. Results indicated that the phylogenetic β‐diversity was impacted more by soil depth, while the taxonomic β‐diversity changed more between geographic locations. The distance‐decay was lower in the topsoil than in all subsoil layers analysed. Moreover, some subsoil layers were influenced more by geographic distance than any edaphic variable, including pH. Although different factors affected the topsoil and subsoil biogeography, niche‐based models explained the community assembly of all soil layers. This comprehensive study contributed to elucidating important aspects of soil bacterial biogeography including the major impact of soil depth on the phylogenetic β‐diversity, and the greater influence of geographic distance on subsoil than on topsoil bacterial communities in agroecosystems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
Full Text
View/download PDF

38. Unlocking complex soil systems as carbon sinks: multi-pool management as the key.

Author

Angst, Gerrit, Mueller, Kevin E., Castellano, Michael J., Vogel, Cordula, Wiesmeier, Martin, and Mueller, Carsten W.

Subjects
CARBON cycle, CARBON in soils, ORGANIC compounds
Abstract

Much research focuses on increasing carbon storage in mineral-associated organic matter (MAOM), in which carbon may persist for centuries to millennia. However, MAOM-targeted management is insufficient because the formation pathways of persistent soil organic matter are diverse and vary with environmental conditions. Effective management must also consider particulate organic matter (POM). In many soils, there is potential for enlarging POM pools, POM can persist over long time scales, and POM can be a direct precursor of MAOM. We present a framework for context-dependent management strategies that recognizes soils as complex systems in which environmental conditions constrain POM and MAOM formation. Increasing C storage in mineral-associated organic matter is insufficient due to diverse, environmentally specific persistent soil organic matter formation. Context-dependent management strategies highlighting the importance of particulate organic matter are necessary. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
Full Text
View/download PDF

39. Contributions of plant breeding to soil carbon storage: Retrospect and prospects.

Author

Poffenbarger, Hanna, Castellano, Michael, Egli, Dennis, Jaconi, Angelica, and Moore, Virginia

Subjects
*PLANT breeding, *CROPS, *DURUM wheat, *DOUBLE cropping, *PLANT-soil relationships, *EMMER wheat, *COVER crops, *NO-tillage
Abstract

There is interest in harnessing cropland C storage potential at a large scale to mitigate climate change and improve land productivity. While the effects of soil management practices on C storage have been studied extensively, opportunities to select for C sequestration traits in crop plants remain largely unexplored. This review describes how genetic improvement of major US crops may have altered soil C stocks historically and identifies potential opportunities for plant breeding to increase cropland C stocks. Through quantitative literature review, we find that breeding has led to an increase in aboveground residue C inputs to the soil for corn (Zea mays L.) and soybeans (Glycine max (L.) Merr) and a decrease in aboveground residue C inputs for wheat (Triticum aestivum L. and Triticum turgidum L.). Breeding has largely not altered the root:shoot ratio of these crops. Given that there is limited potential for further major improvements in harvest index, breeding for high grain yields may necessitate increasing aboveground biomass and residue production in the future. Crop root traits and residue quality may influence the stabilization of crop‐derived C in soil, but there is uncertainty regarding historical changes in these traits due to breeding, the magnitude of their effect on soil organic C stocks, and tradeoffs or synergies with breeding for high yield. Nevertheless, root traits such as suberin content, rhizodeposition, mycorrhizal association, and depth emerge as potential targets for more efficient C stabilization. There is also a large opportunity for plant breeding to enhance the performance of cover crops, double crops, perennial grains, and perennial groundcovers, which can increase annual C inputs to the soil by occupying fallow periods. Our review reveals that there are many opportunities for plant genetic improvement to fix more C in cropping systems and enhance its stabilization in the soil to meet the goals of sustainable intensification and cropland C capture. Core Ideas: Plant breeding has increased aboveground residue C inputs to the soil for corn and soybean, but not for wheat.Root:shoot ratio and mycorrhizal colonization have not substantially changed due to plant breeding.There is little evidence that breeding has altered the quality or placement of C inputs.There is opportunity for plant breeding to increase soil C by overcoming barriers to cropping system enhancement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
Full Text
View/download PDF

Catalog

Books, media, physical & digital resources
See catalog results