Search

Social entrepreneurship defines organizations or initiatives that, by producing and/or transacting goods or services, seek new solutions to persistent social problems, thus generating high social value. In other words, that deliberately subject their economic strategy to social priorities and place the social mission at the center of their concerns. Such social priorities include poverty, unemployment, education, health, local development, or the environment. Outside this common base, the aggregation of other characteristics or delimitations has given rise to conceptual fuzziness, namely, as to the organizational forms to be adopted (restricted to non-profit organizations or open to for-profit businesses with clear social purposes) and the weight of the social dimension in SE. Another manifestation of conceptual malleability emerges from the coexistence of different schools of thought. On the opposite side, one notes the narrowing of the concept, which mainly derives from a Westernized vision and still pays little attention to the contributions from developing countries. In addition to analyzing these topics, the current entry points out some recommendations regarding the deepening of scientific research in this field.

Acknowledgments: The company Manzanal Mamphel SA provided the necessary tourniquets for the pretest and post-test phases of the study (480 devices)., Among the main preventable causes of death in the area of operations is external exsanguinating hemorrhage in the extremities, hence the importance of the tourniquet as a therapeutic tool in this type of injury and, therefore, of the training of personnel participating in international missions. The main objective of this study is to determine the impact of training in the application of this device. This is a quasi-experimental, prospective, cross-sectional study, carried out with 97 healthy volunteers, military personnel who perform their work in the Royal Guard barracks of El Pardo. The study was conducted between June 2019 and July 2021. The correct determination of the device placement site and the times of correct device placement were evaluated by determining whether there was blood flow using Doppler ultrasound measurements. Statistically significant results were obtained for application time (76.68 s to 58.06 s; p < 0.001), correct device placement (p < 0.001), and achievement of complete ischemia in the upper extremity (23.7% pretest vs. 24.7% post-test; p < 0.001). In the lower extremity, after training, longer application duration (43.33 s to 47.30 s) and lower ischemia achievement (59.8% pretest vs. 37.8% post-test) were obtained. Standardized and regulated training improves device application. More intensive training is necessary to obtain better results.

This paper reports an examination of the economic contribution to Spain provided by sport hunting. This paper identifies the main stakeholders, the overall expenses and contribution to the Spanish ...

Background: Healthcare has been revolutionized by the application of information and communication technologies. The implementation of electronic health record systems improves the quality and safety of patient healthcare. Nursing students who start learning the nursing process without contact with real patients experience difficulties in its correct application. Purpose: To compare the acquisition of skills and competencies in the nursing process by undergraduate nursing students between conventional learning with books and learning with an academic electronic health record system (Diraya). Methods: A controlled experimental study was conducted and included 379 students with a mean age of 20.54 ± 5.09 years, enrolled in the “Nursing Process and Basic Care” degree course at the School of Health Sciences in Granada. All participants gave their informed consent and were allocated by convenience sampling to a control group (n = 187; 21.20 ± 5.77 years) or an experimental group (n = 192, 19.91 ± 4.24 years). Findings: The experimental and control groups did not differ in sex distribution (p = 0.20), mean age (p = 0.01), or previous knowledge of the nursing process (p = 0.96). The groups did not significantly differ in multi-choice test results on the acquisition of theoretical knowledge (p = 0.13). However, the experimental group scored higher on clinical case planning (9.47 ± 0.80 vs. 8.95 ± 1.17; p < 0.001), took less time to complete it (46.9 ± 8.76 min vs. 82.66 ± 13.14 min; p < 0.001), and needed fewer autonomous learning hours to prepare for the final examination (2.26 ± 2.41 vs. 9.58 ± 3.83; p < 0.001). Satisfaction with the program and the rating of its quality were generally higher in the experimental group, while greater difficulty with most phases of the nursing process was reported by the control group. Conclusions: The academic electronic health record system “Diraya” is a useful tool to improve the learning and implementation of the nursing process by undergraduate nursing students.

Breast cancer continues to be the leading cause of death in women worldwide. Mammography, which is the current gold standard technique used to diagnose it, presents strong limitations in early ages where breast cancer is much more aggressive and fatal. MiRNAs present in numerous body fluids might represent a new line of research in breast cancer biomarkers, especially oncomiRNAs, known to play an important role in the suppression and development of neoplasms. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to evaluate dysregulated miRNA biomarkers and their diagnostic accuracy in breast cancer. Two independent researchers reviewed the included studies according to the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. A protocol for this review was registered in PROSPERO with the registration number “CRD42021256338”. Observational case-control-based studies analyzing concentrations of microRNAs which have been published within the last 10 years were selected, and the concentrations of miRNAs in women with breast cancer and healthy controls were analyzed. Random-effects meta-analyses of miR-155 were performed on the studies which provided enough data to calculate diagnostic odds ratios. We determined that 34 microRNAs were substantially dysregulated and could be considered biomarkers of breast cancer. Individually, miR-155 provided better diagnostic results than mammography on average. However, when several miRNAs are used to screen, forming a panel, sensitivity and specificity rates improve, and they can be associated with classic biomarkers such us CA-125 or CEA. Based on the results of our meta-analysis, miR-155 might be a promising diagnostic biomarker for this patient population.

Recreational hunting can have positive consequences on biodiversity conservation, but in many countries the number of hunters is declining. This downward trend threatens the sustainability of an important human activity that can be used as a tool for wildlife management and biodiversity conservation. On the other hand, in developed countries there is an upward trend in the number of female hunters. In this study, we analyzed women and men’s hunting preferences in Spain, focusing our attention on the game species they were interested in. We found that female hunters were more interested than male hunters in hunting big game species. We discussed potential consequences of our results on the sustainability of hunting and biodiversity conservation.

This study aimed to examine the influence of new ICTs on the recording of nursing interventions in the Emergency Unit of the High Resolution Hospital (HRH) of Loja (Granada), Spain. A descriptive observational study was conducted to analyze the evolution of the Nursing Interventions (NIC) records in the Emergency Unit of the Loja HRH (Granada) from 2017 to 2021. Results showed that 11,076 NIC registrations were exploited, which increased by 51.2% from 2017 to 2021. The linear correlation between the NIC and the years was analyzed with Spearman’s coefficient, obtaining a low level of correlation (p = 0.166), but one that is statistically significant (p < 0.001). The introduction of tablet devices in the emergency room of the Loja HRH (Granada) led to a significant increase in the percentage of NIC recorded and collated during the study period without increasing the number of emergencies attended. However, usability barriers of ICTs were detected, highlighting the need to guide and train health professionals in their use and in the culture of patient safety.

Purpose: Psychological resources are determinant for the entrepreneur' individual performance. Psychological capital has been seen as one of the pillars of entrepreneurship and this is one of the reasons that the study of the relationship between these two constructs has become emerging. This systematic literature review contributes to a more robust and grounded understanding of this relationship.Design/methodology/approach: This systematic review used the PRISMA Protocol guidelines and the VOSviewer software for cluster analysis. The articles gathered in this article cover the annual period from 2006 to 2021 and allowed the identification and analysis of the main themes on psychological capital and entrepreneurship.Findings: The systematic analysis brought to light integrative relationships between the concepts of positive psychological capital and entrepreneurship, which allowed the construction of an overview of this spectrum of study. This resulted in four large groups of analysis that point the direction of the literature. The main contributions resulted in the presentation of principles and recent scientific ideas, which consider psychological capital as a valuable resource for entrepreneurship.Originality/value: This research provides an incisive understanding with the aim of being a starting point for deepening knowledge about the synergies of studies between psychological capital and the entrepreneurship research agenda. Finally, a set of future lines of study is also proposed.

Ehlers–Danlos syndrome type arthrochalasia (aEDS) is a rare genetic disease characterized by severe generalized joint hypermobility, bilateral congenital hip dislocation, skin hyperextensibility, muscle hypotonia, and mild dysmorphic features. It is an autosomal dominant connective tissue disease causing defects in collagen, associated with two genes, COL1A1 or COL1A2. Only about 42 cases have been published worldwide. Treatment is currently symptomatic and focuses on increasing the quality of life of these patients, as there is no curative treatment. The main objective of the review was to update information on Ehlers–Danlos syndrome type arthrochalasia from scientific publications. The review report was carried out in accordance with the criteria of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and MetaAnalyses (PRISMA) review protocol, by searching Orphanet, OMIM, PubMed, and Scopus, as well as free sources. A total of 20 articles were analyzed, which, after analysis, provide an updated report that aims to establish a solid starting point for future lines of research.

A health promotion intervention directed at preventing unhealthy habits in relation to physical exercise, hygiene habits, diet and personal relationships can lead to a decrease in diseases during adulthood and obtaining a better quality of life. The intervention had a participative and multidisciplinary nature, and it was developed by health professionals, teachers and parents for school children. It promoted healthy lifestyle habits around food by working on four areas through video lessons, interactive talks, practical and theoretical–practical classes and an individual project on behalf of the student where they had to design healthy menus. We randomly selected, by stratified multistage sampling, three public primary education schools. A sample of 479 students registered during the 2014/2015 academic year aged between 6–12 years were included in the study. After the educational intervention, we found a significant reduction in the BMI of the students (p < 0.001). For breakfast, the overweight or obese children modified their usual food consumption after the intervention for a healthier breakfast based on fruit juice and bread instead of sugary snacks (p < 0.001). Regarding eating habits during the mid-morning break, there was a decrease in the consumption of sugary snacks (p < 0.001) and an increase in the consumption of fruits and sandwiches. We found that, after the intervention, the excessive consumption of pasta for the main meal reduced in favor of an increase in the consumption of proteins and different beans and pulses (p > 0.001). Educational interventions on healthy lifestyle habits carried out in children during their early years improve and correct unhealthy habits.

Introduction: Healthy lifestyle habits formed in childhood provide the foundation for a healthy adult life; therefore, it is important to encourage healthy habits and to correct poor habits from an early age. Aim: In this study, we aim to evaluate the influence of educational intervention in order to modify postural hygiene habits in school-age children. Materials and methods: We randomly selected three public primary education schools in the Galician provinces of Orense and Pontevedra based on stratified multistage sampling. A sample of 479 students was obtained, representing 2% of all 6- to 12-year-old children registered during the 2015/2016 academic year in those provinces. Results: Following the intervention, the students’ postural hygiene improved. We found statistically significant differences regarding a reduction in the number of hours spent watching television (0.531 h/day); the way school books and supplies were carried, with an increase in the use of backpacks with wheels (from 58.5% to 64.1%); and an improvement in postural hygiene when watching television, with an increase from 63.7% to 80.8% of those surveyed opting to watch television whilst seated on a chair instead of lying down. Conclusions: Educational intervention by inculcating healthy postural hygiene habits in children at an early age can improve and correct unhealthy behaviours.

Paediatric flexible flatfoot (PFF) is a very common condition and a common concern among parents and various healthcare professionals. There is a multitude of conservative and surgical treatments, with foot orthoses (FO) being the first line of treatment due to their lack of contraindications and because the active participation of the child is not required, although the evidence supporting them is weak. It is not clear what the effect of FO is, nor when it is advisable to recommend them. PFF, if left untreated or uncorrected, could eventually cause problems in the foot itself or adjacent structures. It was necessary to update the existing information on the efficacy of FO as a conservative treatment for the reduction in signs and symptoms in patients with PFF, to know the best type of FO and the minimum time of use and to identify the diagnostic techniques most commonly used for PFF and the definition of PFF. A systematic review was carried out in the databases PubMed, EBSCO, Web of Science, Cochrane, SCOPUS and PEDro using the following strategy: randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and controlled clinical trials (CCTs) on child patients with PFF, compared to those treated with FO or not being treated, assessing the improvement of signs and symptoms of PFF. Studies in which subjects had neurological or systemic disease or had undergone surgery were excluded. Two of the authors independently assessed study quality. PRISMA guidelines were followed, and the systematic review was registered in PROSPERO: CRD42021240163. Of the 237 initial studies considered, 7 RCTs and CCTs published between 2017 and 2022 met the inclusion criteria, representing 679 participants with PFF aged 3–14 years. The interventions of the included studies differed in diagnostic criteria, types of FO and duration of treatment, among others. All articles conclude that FO are beneficial, although the results must be taken with caution due to the risk of bias of the included articles. There is evidence for the efficacy of FO as a treatment for PFF signs and symptoms. There is no treatment algorithm. There is no clear definition for PFF. There is no ideal type of FO, although all have in common the incorporation of a large internal longitudinal arch.

In healthcare practice, there may be critically injured patients in whom catheterisation of a peripheral venous access is not possible. In these cases, intraosseous access may be the preferred technique, using an intraosseous vascular access device (IOVA). Such devices can be used for infusion or administration of drugs in the same way as other catheterisations, which improves emergency care times, as it is a procedure that can be performed in seconds to a minute. The aim of this study was to analyse the level of knowledge of nursing staff working in emergency departments regarding the management of the intraosseous vascular access devices. To this end, a cross-sectional online study was carried out using an anonymous questionnaire administered to all professionals working in emergency and critical care units (ECCUs) in Granada district (Spain). The results show that 60% of the participants believe that with the knowledge they have, they would not be able to perform intraosseous vascular access, and 74% of the participants believe that the low use of this device is due to insufficient training. The obtained results suggest that the intraosseous access route, although it is a safe and quick way of achieving venous access in critical situations, is considered a secondary form of access because the knowledge of emergency and critical care professionals is insufficient, given the totality of the participants demanding more training in the management of intraosseous access devices. Therefore, the implementation of theoretical/practical training programmes related to intraosseous access (IO) could promote the continuous training of nurses working in ECCUs, in addition to improving the quality of care in emergency and critical care situations.

Rhadinaea marcellae Taylor, 1949 is known from only 12 specimens. Based on recent fieldwork and research in scientific collections and databases, we report 14 new records of R. marcellae, bringing the total number of verified occurrences up to 26, updating our understanding of this secretive species’ distribution in the tropical and cloud forests of the Sierra Madre Oriental in Mexico. The new records come from the Mexican states of Hidalgo, Puebla, San Luis Potosí and Veracruz. All the newly reported specimens are morphologically concordant with R. marcellae, but exhibit noteworthy variation.

Objective To determine the effect of an aquatic physical exercise program performed during pregnancy on rate of intact perineum after childbirth. Design Randomized clinical trial. Setting Health centers in the metropolitan health district of Granada, Spain. Participants A total of 129 pregnant women (control group [CG] = 64; aquatic exercise group [EG] = 65). Methods The intervention was an aquatic physical exercise program specifically designed for pregnant women (Study of Water Exercise During Pregnancy [SWEP] method). Participants were randomly assigned to the CG or EG by simple random sampling. Participants in the EG performed three sessions per week of physical exercises, which were led by the principal investigator. All participants received routine prenatal care. We evaluated status of the perineum after birth, including laceration and episiotomy rates. We also evaluated participants’ weight, body mass index (BMI) in the first and third trimesters, parity, the administration of anesthesia, and birth weight of the neonate as potential confounding variables. Results The women in the EG had a greater rate of intact perineum than those in the CG (odds ratio [OR] = 13.54, 95% confidence interval [CI] [2.75, 66.56]). After adjusting for infant birth weight, the effect of the intervention on intact perineum was an OR of 8.57 (95% CI [1.85, 39.68]. Maternal weight gain did not influence the odds of intact perineum (OR = 1.072, 95% CI [0.896, 1.283]). Women who previously gave birth and followed the SWEP method had an OR of 10.197 (95% CI [2.190, 47.476] for an intact perineum. The administration of anesthesia and previous pregnancy also were associated with intact perineum (OR = 6.68, 95% CI [1.21, 36.84] and OR = 5.42, 95% CI [1.64, 17.89] respectively. Conclusion The women who followed the SWEP method were significantly more likely to have intact perinea after childbirth.

The aim of this research is to describe the evolution of the pandemic in a school context, following the introduction of school nurses into the educational setting. Background: The first wave of COVID-19 in Spain prevented social interaction by imposing lockdowns on the population. All non-essential activities, including face-to-face education, were interrupted, affecting the school-aged population during the second and third trimester of the 2019/2020 school year. Schools are places where prevention, identification and case management measures should be rapidly implemented. Methods: This is a prospective and descriptive study using a quantitative method to study the school population of Granada and its province during the school year 2020/2021, from September 2020 to May 2021. The study participants were all schools under the jurisdiction of the Territorial Delegation of Education of Granada, whether public, private, state-subsidised or charter schools, including all educational stages. Results: The confirmation rate in Granada city (11.2%), in contrast to the Andalusian average (6.9%), places Granada as the province with the highest incidence rate. The infection rates among teachers show the same confirmation rate as the general population of Granada (9%); however, among students this rate is lower (7%). There is a higher incidence of outbreaks taking place outside school and a lower incidence of outbreaks occurring within the school environment. Both partial and total outbreaks are more frequent in early childhood education. Conclusion: The early identification and management of reported suspected cases of COVID-19 in schools is proving effective in preventing infection in the school population, achieving good pandemic control in schools, and reducing the number of outbreaks and people affected. Schools have been confirmed to be safe. Establishing screening for asymptomatic schoolchildren could be a tool to improve control in schools., Colegio Oficial de Enfermeria de Granada (CODEGRA)

Social entrepreneurship (SE) enables business consolidation, combined with the production of positive impact and improvements in society. Aligned with 2030 Agenda for the achievement of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals, it is important to clarify the role of social entrepreneurs, as they are making visible the impact of their creative ideas in several areas, from civic engagement to the environment, health and learning. The main purpose of this study is to specify a model of social entrepreneurial intention (SEI) and explore it by country, based on the dimensions of the Theory of Planned Behavior and how these are mediated by spirituality and optimism. With a convenience sample of 1476 Portuguese and Spanish students, Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) was used. For a deeply understanding, variables within the model were compared by country using t-rest, and multivariate analysis was done by each one separately. The mean comparison between countries, demonstrated that there are differences only between perceived behavioral control (PBC), Spirituality, Optimism and SEI, with Portuguese students scoring the highest values, in all variables except Optimism. A mediation path was carried out, and Spirituality mediate a significant effect between the three TPB dimensions in Portuguese students, but not in students from Spain. Finally, after discussing the results, theoretical and practical contributions are analyzed, with regard to the field of SE in Portugal and Spain, and alternatives are pointed out for a more social and sustainable entrepreneurial future.

The research group behind this project wishes to thank the following associations for their collaboration in the distribution of the study questionnaire: Asogaf–Asociación Granadina de la Ataxia de Friedreich. Asociación de Enfermos Musculares de Granada. AGRADA Asociación de Ataxias de Granada. Asociación española de afectados por Epilepsia Grave. Phelan Mcdermid. 22q13. Asociación Síndrome Shy Drager–Atrofia Multisistémica. Adisen–Asociación Nacional de Addison y Otras Enfermedades Endocrinas. ASENCO, Asociación de Enfermedades Neuromusculares de Córdoba. Asociación 22 q Andalucía. Asociación Andaluza de Esclerosis Lateral Amiotrófica. Asociación Andaluza de Fibrosis Quística. Asociación Andaluza de Hemofilia. Asociación Cordobesa para la Investigación de Corea de Huntington. Asociación de Enfermedades Neuromusculares de Andalucía. Asociación de Enfermos con Neurodegeneración por Acumulación Cerebral de Hierro. Asociación de Familiares y Afectados Síndrome de Coffin-Lowry España. Asociación de Retinosis Pigmentaria de Andalucía. Asociación del Síndrome de Prader Willi de Andalucía. Asociación Española de Enfermos por Pseudoxantoma Elástico. Asociación Española de Familiares y Enfermos de Wilson. Asociación Española para la Investigación y Ayuda al Síndrome de Wolfram. Asociación Síndrome de Turner de Andalucía. Asociación Sindrome de Williams de Andalucía. Asociación Valverdeña de la Enfermedad de Andrade. DEBRA Piel de Mariposa (Asociación de Epidermólisis Bullosa de España). Federación Andaluza de Asociaciones de Ataxias. Asociación de Atrofia del Nervio Óptico de Léber. Acción y Cura para Tay Sachs. ACTAYS. Asociación 11q España. Asociación AMC–Artrogriposis Múltiple Congénita–España. Asociación de Afectados de Neurofibromatosis. Asociación de Afectados Síndrome Landau –Kleffner. Asociación de Apoyo e Investigación del Síndrome de 5p-. Asociación de Corea de Huntington Española. Asociación de Enfermedades Raras de Alcalá de Henares. Asociación de Enfermos de Patología Mitocondrial. Asociacion de Familias con Perthes. Asociación Española de Porfiria. Asociación Española del Síndrome de Beckwith– Wiedemann. Asociación Española del Síndrome de Joubert. Asociación Huesos de Cristal de España. Asociación Nacional Síndrome de Apert y otras Craneosinostosis Sindrómicas. Asociación de Enfermedades Raras D’Genes. FEGEREC–Federación Gallega de enfermedades raras. Asociación Chiari y Siringomielia del Principado de Asturias (CHySPA). Asociación Asturiana contra la Fibrosis Quística (F.Q.). Asociación Ataxias de Extremadura. Asociación de Retinosis Pigmentaria Extremeña. Asociación ELA Extremadura. Asociación Española de Cavernomas. Asociación Española de Lucha contra las Hemoglobinopatias y Talasemias. Asociación Española de Stickler. Asociación Extremeña contra la Fibrosis Quística. Asociación Extremeña de Enfermos de Huntington. Asociación La Vida con Hernia Diafragmática Congénita. Asociación PrincesaRett. Asociación Síndrome X Frágil de Extremadura. Alba, Asociación de Ayuda a Personas con Albinismo. Asociación “Síndrome de Microdeleción 5q14.3–MEF2C”. Asociación ADIBI. Asociación de Discapacitados y Enfermedades Raras de IBI. Asociación Afectados CDKL5. Asociación Conquistando Escalones. Asociación de Enfermedades Minoritarias de la Comunidad Valenciana. Asociación de Enfermedades Raras de Benidorm y Comarca. Asociación de enfermedades raras y discapacidad Sense Barreres de Petrer. Asociación de enfermos de FMF y síndromes autoinflamatorios de España. Asociación de Esclerodermia Castellón. Asociación de Fibrosis Quística de la Comunidad Valenciana. Asociación de lucha contra la Distonía Mioclónica de Valencia. Asociación de Microsomia Hemifacial. Asociación de Padres de Niños y Jóvenes con Enfermedades Reumáticas de la Comunidad Valenciana. Asociación CADASIL España. Asociación Catalana de Espina Bífida e Hidrocefalia. Asociación Duchenne Somriures Valents. Asociación Española de Enfermos del Síndrome de Camurati–Engelmann. Asociación Española del Síndrome de Cornelia de Lange. Asociación Microtia España. Asociación Síndrome STXBP1. Associació Catalana de la Síndrome de Rett. Associació Catalana de Malaltia de Huntington., Scientific knowledge on depression and anxiety in patients with rare diseases during the COVID-19 pandemic is scarce; however, it is essential to perform comprehensive management of these patients. The aim of this study was to research how the situation caused by the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has influenced the lives of patients with rare diseases regarding depression and anxiety. This Spanish study considered a heterogeneous population sample of 86 patients with confirmed diagnosis of different rare diseases. Participants took part in a cross-sectional online study by completing specific questionnaires on the study topic. Depression was measured using the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9), and the General Anxiety Disorder Scale (GAD-7) was used for evaluating anxiety. Data collection through an online questionnaire allowed for a greater population scope and therefore the inclusion patients of other nationalities in the study sample. Finally, as a general result, this study found that, in the face of the pandemic, anxiety and depression remained at a higher level in this group than in the general population, making these patients a vulnerable population group.

Research suggests that individuals with intellectual disabilities (ID) experience difficulties in communication, ranging from intelligibility issues to more severe problems in the use and comprehension of spoken, written or sign language. Despite the negative effects that the inability to communicate have on quality of life (QoL), not much research has explored the relationship between communicative competence and QoL in the adult population with ID. The aim of this study was to describe the global communication profile of a sample of 281 adults with ID recruited from Grupo AM&Aacute, S Social Foundation, who differed in their level of communication support needs (CSN). The relationships between communicative competence and CSN with QoL were further examined. The results showed lower QoL indices for those participants characterized by their limited use of discourse and inability to exhibit certain communicative purposes, with the largest differences in the dimensions of self-determination, social inclusion, interpersonal relationships, emotional wellbeing and personal development. Overall, low levels of QoL were found for all participants, with even lower scores for the group identified as having CSN. A multiple regression model revealed that having speech/discourse competence is a powerful predictor of QoL, along with the level of disability and having the communicative competences to express likes and preferences or to establish new relationships. This clear relationship between communication and QoL is an important argument for disability support services when it comes to setting communication supports as a priority and as an important preventive step towards the protection of those at risk of exclusion.

In some gamebirds reared for shooting purposes, it has been demonstrated that free pairing and enriched environment may improve welfare. However, the effects of free pairing on the laying output of birds kept in commercial laying cages are poorly understood. Thus, the effects of free pairing on egg production were assessed in red-legged partridges (Alectoris rufa) kept in commercial laying cages (area of 0.45 m2 and volume of 0.18 m3). Between 2006 and 2007, we evaluated the laying output in two types of pairs: forced (n = 24), where one male and one female were randomly chosen, and free (n = 21), where the female chose between four males. Compared to forced pairs, free pairs laid the first egg 22 days earlier and 50% of the clutch was laid 11.6 days earlier. However, no significant differences in the quality of eggs or laying were found between forced and free pairs, resulting in length of laying of 76.5 days, clutch size of 39.5 eggs, 95.8% of fertility and 61.0% of hatchability of fertile eggs. Also, testosterone levels in eggs were not affected by the type of pair. We therefore recommend incorporating free pairing methods in commercial laying cages, as allowing natural reproductive behaviour has no negative effects on laying output and improves partridge welfare.

Sleep is a physiological state of self-regulation. The international classification of sleep disorders now includes as a new category those occurring during pregnancy. Regular physical activity is known to improve the quality of life, one aspect of which is sleep quality. During pregnancy, physical activity is decreased but should not be eliminated, as studies have reported a high correlation between sleep disorders and the absence of physical activity. Regular physical exercise during pregnancy, whether performed in water or out of it, provides greater control of gestational weight gain. Furthermore, the reduced weight gain during pregnancy, as a result of physical exercise, is associated with greater physical resistance to the demands of childbirth, combats the fatigue caused by pregnancy and reduces back pain. All of these outcomes tend to enhance sleep quality, among other beneficial effects.To determine whether, in pregnant women, there is an association between moderate-intensity physical activity in an aquatic environment and sleep quality.A randomised clinical trial was conducted with a sample of 140 pregnant women aged 21-43 years, divided into two groups; Intervention Group and Control Group. The women were recruited in the twelfth week of gestation and took part in the [Study of] Water Exercise in Pregnancy programme from week 20 to week 37. Sleep quality was evaluated in the first and third trimesters of pregnancy, using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index questionnaire.The Mann-Whitney U test showed that the results obtained were statistically significant (p0.05). In the Intervention Group, 44 of the women (65.67%) were classified as "poor sleepers" versus 62 women (92.54%) in the Control Group.The [Study of] Water Exercise in Pregnancy method improves the quality of sleep in pregnant women, both subjectively and in terms of latency, duration and efficiency.

Job uncertainty and ambiguity is a reality in many current societies, therefore, the idea of self-employment has taken a more active role, not only out of necessity, but also because it brings innovation and development to societies. In view of this situation, the following question arises: how can we strengthen the entrepreneurial spirit of our students? This article has the objective to collect theoretical information of the state of the art on entrepreneurship education: what it has been, what it is, and what can it be, in order to present the current condition of the topic, both in the psychological and pedagogical field. To achieve this objective, information from 108 research sources, mainly from scientific articles and books was collected, concluding that, although generally, entrepreneurship education has significantly contributed to the creation of businesses, developing countries, specifically, those in Latin America, still require extra effort to fully implement entrepreneurship topic in the curriculums, particularly because of challenges such as political instability, technology and international competition.

Background: Physical exercise helps to maintain a healthy lifestyle and its practice is recommended for women during pregnancy as a means of limiting the negative effects on the body that may take place and to optimise well-being, mood and sleep patterns, as well as encouraging daily physical activity, enhancing the ability to work and preventing pregnancy-related complications. Aim: To analyse the quality of life in pregnancy for women who complete a programme of moderate physical activity in water, following a designed method that the woman can perform physical exercise safely during pregnancy called the SWEP (study of water exercise during pregnancy) method. Materials and methods: A randomised clinical trial was performed. One hundred and twenty-nine pregnant women were randomly assigned either to an exercise class following the SWEP method (EG, n = 65) or to a control group (CG, n = 64). The trial began in week 20 of pregnancy (May 2016) and ended in week 37 (October 2016). Heath-related quality of life (HRQoL) was evaluated with the SF36v2 health questionnaire at weeks 12 and 35 of pregnancy. Results: The HRQoL score decreased significantly between weeks 12 and 35 of gestation, except for the mental health component, which in the CG fell by -3.28 points and in the EG increased slightly (p > 0.05). Among the CG, the score for the mental health component at week 35 was

Introduction: Many women change their lifestyles and habits when they become pregnant, to avoid potentially harmful effects to themselves and their babies. This is especially so with respect to physical exercise, which is often greatly reduced due to ignorance of the benefits it provides during pregnancy. Aim: To evaluate the prevalence of spontaneous birth among women who participated in a water-based physical exercise program. Methods: A randomized clinical trial was conducted with a sample of 129 pregnant women (Control Group, CG = 64, Exercise Group, EG = 65). A physical exercise protocol, specifically designed for pregnant women, was created and applied. Those in the EG performed 60 min exercise sessions, three times per week for 17 weeks. The participants in the CG received routine check-ups and advice throughout their pregnancy. Findings: The women in the EG presented better results for the onset of spontaneous birth (OR = 2.060 (0.980&ndash, 4.332)) and for neonate Apgar score of 10 at five minutes (OR = 8.53 (3.60&ndash, 20.17)). Those who had normal weight at the start of pregnancy achieved better results for spontaneous delivery (OR = 2.099 (1.017&ndash, 4.335)) than those with overweight/obesity. The rate of caesarean delivery was higher in the women with overweight/obesity (OR = 3.570 ((1.226&ndash, 10.397)) than in those with normal weight. Conclusions: In our study, the women who followed the water-based exercise program gained less weight during pregnancy, which facilitated a better rate of spontaneous, non-instrumental childbirth, together with a better Apgar test score at five minutes.

The percentage of female entrepreneurs is far below the level of males, although it has increased over the past several years. Based on the theory of planned behavior, the purpose of this article is to specify a model in which the relationship among entrepreneurial potential, gender and entrepreneurial intention are explored, by analyzing how perceived behavioral control (PBC) and perceived entrepreneurial skills, as exogenous variables, affect expression of intention for business, and how these are mediated by their entrepreneurial motivations and risk taking propensity. Control variables where also included in this model, such as necessity-driven motives for business, in order to observe whether these are an influential factor. An implementation of Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) was used to analyze data collected from 677 students. Variables within the model were compared by gender using t-Test, and all multivariate analysis were done by each one separately as well in order to better gauge their perceptions. Results showed that mean differences between males and females are not abundant, and come only from intentions, PBC and subjective norm, which are higher in males; and motives for business higher in females. Multivariate analysis shows gender differences at the mediation level and that necessity-driven motives are an influencing factor, more so in males, and it hampers the significance of subjective norm. Finally, the theoretical and practical implications of the results within the framework of entrepreneurship in Spain and future alternatives to improve the entrepreneurial potential are discussed.

Studying the variability of entrepreneurial attitudes within different countries is important in order to identify where attempts to increase entrepreneurial spirit and activity should focus. This article analyzes differences within multiple countries, as well the causal relationship of three attitudinal variables, namely, perceived behavioral control, subjective norm, and entrepreneurial motivations with entrepreneurial intention. We used a cross-national framework and analyzed the relation of four different countries with a sample of 800 students from Argentina (200), Chile (200), Panama (200), and Spain (200). Results show variability in all attitudes between countries with Panama rating the highest in most and Spain rating the lowest. Motivations expressed for entrepreneurship are not statistically significant between most countries, which suggests the perception of entrepreneurship as an engine for personal goals is high and similar in all four countries. Regression analysis showed subjective norm&rsquo, s effect is not statistically significant in Argentina nor Chile for intentions, and Panama&rsquo, s intentions are highly driven by entrepreneurial motivations. These suggest policies and programs should tap on the fairly consistent entrepreneurial spirit to capitalize on student&rsquo, s interest in entrepreneurship, and pull them into training programs to strengthen their competences.

There is a need to evaluate entrepreneurial education programs (EEPs) to see the impact they have on a country&rsquo, s development. Previous work has focused mostly on entrepreneurial intentions, mainly in a university context. Additionally, literature reviews on the impact of entrepreneurial education have not yet been conclusive, mainly due to the use of subjective indicators and a low consideration of objective indicators. The purpose of this article is to respond to some of these challenges. Specifically, this study used an objective indicator, Total Early-Stage Entrepreneurial Activity (TEA), in a non-university context. A database was created that included programs categorized by autonomous communities. The analysis showed that EEPs significantly influenced the entrepreneurial activity of autonomous communities. This implies that entrepreneurial education should be a prioritized objective in the educational policy of these communities. The recommendations derived from these results are, among others, to promote role models, continue supporting the financing of entrepreneurial initiatives through education and training, continue implementing government policies to support entrepreneurship, and carry out evaluations on the impact that these programs have on skills acquired in the short and medium terms, as well as their maintenance over time.

El presente estudio analiza el papel de la Universidad en el desarrollo y educacion del Emprendimiento y la Innovacion. Se examinan los efectos de un programa de educacion emprendedora (PREU) utilizando un diseno cuasi–experimental. Los resultados de nuestro estudio demuestran que los valores medios de los estudiantes universitarios que siguieron el programa de educacion emprendedora (grupo experimental) fueron significativamente superiores a los obtenidos en la condicion pretest y a los obtenidos por la muestra que no siguio el programa (grupo control). Frente a otros programas de educacion emprendedora en los que no se encontro un impacto positivo claro en la intencion emprendedora de los estudiantes, nuestro programa de educacion emprendedora claramente pone de manifiesto una mejora importante en las competencias e intenciones para emprender y por tanto una actitud positiva hacia el comportamiento emprendedor, asi como crear alerta critica y tener una vision real de los problemas de emprendimiento

Motivation is an essential component in higher education. In this area, researchers have described three psychological needs that drive human behavior: Autonomy, competence, and relatedness. These three needs are central dimensions of Self-Determination Theory. Various measurement tools have been used to evaluate these dimensions. Despite the universality of these, the literature lacks validation of them in the Spanish university context. The present study aims to analyze the psychometric properties of the Basic Psychological Need Satisfaction and Frustration Scale (BPNSFS) in this context. This scale was administered to a sample of 1075 Spanish university students. Confirmatory factor analysis yielded that the six-factor structure fitted the data. Results supported the reliability and validity of all the subscales. The obtained factor structure provided evidence in support of the comparability of the model between male and female students and different types of studies.

This document aims to summarize and classify existing research on the well-being associated with entrepreneurs through a bibliometric and systematic review of the literature. Its main objectives are: to identify the different theoretical perspectives and research strands that characterize and define the literature on entrepreneurs’ well-being, and highlight the connections between them; and to look for emerging trends and gaps in the literature by comparing the most recent works with those that represent the core of the field. The document is based on bibliometric data: it uses citation techniques to select, analyze, and interpret citation patterns within the literature on entrepreneurs’ well-being. The paper identifies four main groups, as well as several specific research flows and common themes, that represent academic publications on entrepreneurs’ well-being. The research strands on the topic are grouped into four different theoretical perspectives grounded in entrepreneurship related to: culture and innovation in small companies; capital and social aspects; gender and women; and self-employment. Data from the most recent publications are used to verify the original topics and themes seen in the contemporary debate, and to examine how these are discussed. Inevitably, the research findings depend on the design of the research, the databases used, and the bibliometric methods applied. From a practical perspective, the research is expected to impact the construction of theories, management decision making, and teaching. This study describes the remarkable development of the literature on entrepreneurs’ well-being, and the underlying structure of the different streams of research therein. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this study is the first to identify correlations between Social Science Citation Index and Scopus (Elsevier) databases.

Providing supplementary winter food for gamebirds through feeders is an important management tool for many game managers, but there has been no systematic study of how much of the food is consumed by gamebirds, by undesirable pest species, and by songbirds of conservation interest. Nor is anything known about the effects of feeder location on the attractiveness for game and other wildlife. We used camera traps to assess the above at 259 game feeders containing wheat grain at 3 lowland farms in southern England during the winters of 2012 and 2013. We conducted both paired feeding trials, where we set 1 feeder along hedgerow cover and the other 40 m into the adjacent field, and unpaired feeding trials, where we set only 1 feeder. We changed the location of existing feeders along hedgerow cover every 7–10 days to assess the time needed by wildlife to find new feeder locations and tested whether displaying rook (Corvus frugilegus) carcasses on top of the feeders reduced the number of corvids visiting feeders. No pest control was conducted at the feeders. We recorded 47 species in total (33 birds and 14 mammals). Feeders were visited by gamebirds and songbirds in early and late winter, but rodents, columbids, corvids, lagomorphs, predators (mammals and raptors), waterbirds, and other species accounted for 54% of visits and consumed 67% of grain provided. We recorded higher numbers of gamebirds, songbirds, rodents, and columbids per photograph at feeders along hedgerow cover than in the open, whereas corvids were more numerous in open fields. All brown rats (Rattus norvegicus, 17% of visits across seasons and sites) were photographed at feeders along hedgerow cover. After the change of location, gamebirds and songbirds located feeders at new locations within 1–3 days, whereas rodents needed 2–4 days. Rook carcasses reduced the number of corvids photographed at feeders by 55%, and number of songbirds by 83% but did not affect gamebird attendance. To prevent gamebird feeding practices from being inefficient and potentially counterproductive for ecological and economic reasons, feeders should be set along hedgerow cover when rats are properly controlled and in open fields when no control of rats is conducted, and their locations changed regularly. © 2015 The Wildlife Society.