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Pintó, Josep i Sardá, Rafael (coords.) (2022) Gestión de playas basada en la naturaleza Girona: Documenta Universitaria, 216 p. ISBN 978-84-9984-638-5

Secretory proteins are sorted at the trans-Golgi network (TGN) for export into specific transport carriers. However, the molecular players involved in this fundamental process remain largely elusive. Here, we identified the human transmembrane protein TGN46 as a receptor for the export of secretory cargo protein PAUF in CARTS – a class of protein kinase D-dependent TGN-to-plasma membrane carriers. We show that TGN46 is necessary for cargo sorting and loading into nascent carriers at the TGN. By combining quantitative fluorescence microscopy and mutagenesis approaches, we further discovered that the lumenal domain of TGN46 encodes for its cargo sorting function. In summary, our results define a cellular function of TGN46 in sorting secretory proteins for export from the TGN.

Broiler farming is a significant source of gaseous emissions. The aim of this study was to assess the effects of different litter additives on the emission of NH3, N2O, CO2, and CH4 during broiler housing and subsequent manure storage. The gaseous emissions from the housing facilities were evaluated during one fattening cycle in environmentally controlled rooms with three different additives applied to the litter material (10% w/w aluminum sulphate or biochar and 2.50 mg m−2 urease inhibitor), as well as a control. A storage experiment was conducted under laboratory conditions for 90 days to evaluate the influence of these three additives on gaseous losses. During broiler housing, the results indicated that NH3 emissions were reduced significantly (40–60%) by litter additives, while global warming potential (GWP) emissions were reduced significantly (31%) by Alum. The addition of Biochar (a 58% reduction) had the same significant effect as Alum (a 60% reduction) to mitigate these losses. The re-application of Urease (a 41% reduction) may be required to reach an equal or higher reduction. During storage, NH3 and GWP emissions were not significantly affected by the litter additives. During broiler housing and subsequent manure storage, NH3 emissions were reduced significantly (22–41%) by litter additives, whereas GWP emissions did not decrease significantly. Globally, it can be concluded that Biochar appears to be a good alternative to Alum due to its equal effectiveness in mitigating NH3 losses, without increasing the GWP potential in the housing and avoiding pollution swapping.

BackgroundWhile emerging evidence supports a link between traumatic brain injury (TBI) and progressive cognitive dysfunction in Veterans, there is insufficient information on the impact of cannabis use disorder (CUD) on long-term cognitive disorders. This study aimed to examine the incidences of cognitive disorders in Veterans with TBI and CUD and to evaluate their relationship.MethodsThis retrospective cohort study used the US Department of Veterans Affairs and Department of Defense administrative data from the Long-term Impact of Military-Relevant Brain Injury Consortium-Chronic Effects of Neurotrauma Consortium Phenotype study. Diagnoses suggesting cognitive disorders after a TBI index date were identified using inpatient and outpatient data from 2003 to 2022. We compared the differential cognitive disorders incidence in Veterans who had the following: (1) no CUD or TBI (control group), (2) CUD only, (3) TBI only, and (4) comorbid CUD+TBI. Kaplan-Meier analyses were used to estimate the overall cognitive disorders incidence in the above study groups. The crude and adjusted Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate crude and adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) for cognitive disorders.ResultsA total of 1,560,556 Veterans [82.32% male, median (IQR) age at the time of TBI, 34.51 (11.29) years, and 61.35% white] were evaluated. The cognitive disorder incidence rates were estimated as 0.68 (95% CI, 0.62, 0.75) for CUD only and 1.03 (95% CI, 1.00, 1.06) for TBI only per 10,000 person-months of observations, with the highest estimated cognitive disorder incidence observed in participants with both TBI and CUD [1.83 (95% CI, 1.72, 1.95)]. Relative to the control group, the highest hazard of cognitive disorders was observed in Veterans with CUD+TBI [hazard ratio (HR), 3.26; 95% CI, 2.91, 3.65], followed by those with TBI only (2.32; 95 CI%, 2.13, 2.53) and with CUD (1.79; 95 CI%, 1.60, 2.00). Of note, in the CUD only subgroup, we also observed the highest risk of an early onset cognitive disorder other than Alzheimer's disease and Frontotemporal dementia.DiscussionThe results of this analysis suggest that individuals with comorbid TBI and CUD may be at increased risk for early onset cognitive disorders, including dementia.

BackgroundStudies have demonstrated that individuals diagnosed with traumatic brain injury (TBI) frequently use medical and recreational cannabis to treat persistent symptoms of TBI, such as chronic pain and sleep disturbances, which can lead to cannabis use disorder (CUD). We aimed to determine the Veterans Health Administration (VHA) healthcare utilization and costs associated with CUD and dementia diagnosis in veterans with TBI.MethodsThis observational study used administrative datasets from the population of post-9/11 veterans from the Long-term Impact of Military-Relevant Brain Injury Consortium-Chronic Effects of Neurotrauma Consortium and the VA Data Warehouse. We compared the differential VHA costs among the following cohorts of veterans: (1) No dementia diagnosis and No CUD group, (2) Dementia diagnosis only (Dementia only), (3) CUD only, and (4) comorbid dementia diagnosis and CUD (Dementia and CUD). Generalized estimating equations and negative binomial regression models were used to estimate total annual costs (inflation-adjusted) and the incidence rate of healthcare utilization, respectively, by dementia diagnosis and CUD status.ResultsData from 387,770 veterans with TBI (88.4% men; median [interquartile range (IQR)] age at the time of TBI: 30 [14] years; 63.5% white) were followed from 2000 to 2020. Overall, we observed a trend of gradually increasing healthcare costs 5 years after TBI onset. Interestingly, in this cohort of veterans within 5 years of TBI, we observed substantial healthcare costs in the Dementia only group (peak = $46,808) that were not observed in the CUD and dementia group. Relative to those without either condition, the annual total VHA costs were $3,368 higher in the CUD only group, while no significant differences were observed in the Dementia only and Dementia and CUD groups.DiscussionThe findings suggest that those in the Dementia only group might be getting their healthcare needs met more quickly and within 5 years of TBI diagnosis, whereas veterans in the Dementia and CUD group are not receiving early care, resulting in higher long-term healthcare costs. Further investigations should examine what impact the timing of dementia and CUD diagnoses have on specific categories of inpatient and outpatient care in VA and community care facilities.

Abstract Objective Mutations in ANXA11 cause amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and have recently been identified as a cause of multisystem proteinopathy and adult‐onset muscular dystrophy. These conditions are adult‐onset diseases and result from the substitution of Aspartate 40 (Asp40) for an apolar residue in the intrinsically disordered domain (IDD) of ANXA11. Some ALS‐related variants are known to affect ANXA11 IDD; however, the mechanism by which the myopathy occurs is unknown. Methods Genetic analysis was performed using WES‐trio. For the study of variant pathogenicity, we used recombinant proteins, muscle biopsy, and fibroblasts. Results Here we describe an individual with severe and rapidly progressive childhood‐onset oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy who carries a new ANXA11 variant at position Asp40 (p.Asp40Ile; c.118_119delGAinsAT). p.Asp40Ile is predicted to enhance the aggregation propensity of ANXA11 to a greater extent than other changes affecting this residue. In vitro studies using recombinant ANXA11p.Asp40Ile showed abnormal phase separation and confirmed this variant is more aggregation‐prone than the ALS‐associated variant ANXA11p.Asp40Gly. The study of the patient's fibroblasts revealed defects in stress granules dynamics and clearance, and muscle histopathology showed a myopathic pattern with ANXA11 protein aggregates. Super‐resolution imaging showed aggregates expressed as pearl strips or large complex structures in the sarcoplasm, and as layered subsarcolemmal chains probably reflecting ANXA11 multifunctionality. Interpretation We demonstrate common pathophysiology for disorders associated with ANXA11 Asp40 allelic variants. Clinical phenotypes may result from different deleterious impacts of variants upon ANXA11 stability against aggregation, and differential muscle or motor neuron dysfunction expressed as a temporal and tissue‐specific continuum.

Background Barriers at the system, clinician, and patient level limit access to medications for opioid use disorder (MOUD). The Advancing Pharmacological Treatments for Opioid Use Disorder (ADaPT-OUD) study implemented an external facilitation strategy within the Veterans Health Administration (VHA) aimed at facility-level barriers to improve uptake of MOUD. During ADaPT-OUD, an independent Academic Detailing Services Opioid Agonist Treatment of OUD Campaign was co-occurring and aimed to increase evidence-based practice for OUD at the clinician level. While both these initiatives aim to increase MOUD reach, they address different barriers and did not intentionally collaborate. Thus, understanding the interaction between these two independent implementation initiatives and their effect on MOUD reach will further inform and mold future implementation efforts of MOUD. Methods This was a secondary analysis of the ADaPT-OUD study that included 35 VHA facilities in the lowest quartile of MOUD reach; eight received the ADaPT-OUD external facilitation and 27 matched sites received implementation as usual. The number of academic detailing (AD) visits during ADaPT-OUD was used as a proxy for the intensity of Academic Detailing for OUD Campaign activity. The interaction between external facilitation status and AD intensity was evaluated by comparing the change in facility-level MOUD reach. Results There was a general increase in the number of AD visits, in both external facilitation and implementation as usual sites, over the course of ADaPT-OUD's implementation period. A non-statistically significant, positively sloped, linear relationship was observed between average number of AD visits per quarter and change in MOUD reach in facilities also receiving ADaPT-OUD external facilitation that was not observed in the implementation as usual sites. Conclusion Co-occurring initiatives focusing on different barriers to MOUD access have the potential to further increase MOUD in low-performing facilities, but further research into timing, quality, and collaboration between initiatives are warranted.

Summary: Cell identity is orchestrated through an interplay between transcription factor (TF) action and genome architecture. The mechanisms used by TFs to shape three-dimensional (3D) genome organization remain incompletely understood. Here we present evidence that the lineage-instructive TF CEBPA drives extensive chromatin compartment switching and promotes the formation of long-range chromatin hubs during induced B cell-to-macrophage transdifferentiation. Mechanistically, we find that the intrinsically disordered region (IDR) of CEBPA undergoes in vitro phase separation (PS) dependent on aromatic residues. Both overexpressing B cells and native CEBPA-expressing cell types such as primary granulocyte-macrophage progenitors, liver cells, and trophectoderm cells reveal nuclear CEBPA foci and long-range 3D chromatin hubs at CEBPA-bound regions. In short, we show that CEBPA can undergo PS through its IDR, which may underlie in vivo foci formation and suggest a potential role of PS in regulating CEBPA function.

Targeting biomedically relevant protein-protein interactions is a long-lasting challenge in medicinal chemistry. Here, the authors develop a single α-helical peptide scaffold that can be tailored to target globular proteins of biomedical interest.

Here we focus on an improved floristic understanding of the condition and impacts to coastal dunes along the Catalan coastline of Spain. We identified 21 native dune-restricted plant species that can serve as indicators of the ecological integrity of these coastal dunes, a habitat that has been impacted by both urbanization and tourism. To that end, we employed a new analysis approach that calculated the ratio of the diversity of the dune restricted species to the overall plant diversity of the site. Values of this analysis could range from 0 to 1, with 1 corresponding to the most ecologically intact habitats. Our analyses revealed that regardless of habitat size, sand dunes that lacked significant human activity and that were not adjacent to urbanization had more dune restricted plant species present and so had values closer to “1″. However, larger dune habitats retained a higher number of dune-restricted species despite their proximity to urbanization or levels of tourism, indicating that their larger size provided resilience to negative anthropogenic effects. By first identifying key, dune restricted plant species that should occupy this dune landscape we were able to then provide an independent, objective indicator of the impacts of human activity on this ecologically important habitat.

Enzymatic glycosylation is a versatile and sustainable biotechnological approach that plays a pivotal role in the production of bioactive compounds. This process involves the enzymatic transfer of sugar moieties onto various acceptor molecules, such as small molecules, peptides, or proteins, resulting in the synthesis of glycosides. These glycosides often exhibit enhanced bioactivity, improved solubility, and enhanced stability, making them valuable in pharmaceuticals, nutraceuticals, and the food industry. This review explores the diverse enzymatic glycosylation strategies employed in the synthesis of bioactive compounds. It highlights the enzymatic catalysts involved, including glycosyltransferases, glycosidases, glycophosphorylases, and glycosynthases. It considers the advantages and disadvantages of these biocatalysts in the stereoselective and regioselective synthesis of different types of glycosylated molecules, phenolic and aliphatic alcohols, oligosaccharides, polysaccharides, glycoderivatives, glycopeptides, and glycoproteins with a clear focus on food and pharmaceutical chemistry. Furthermore, the review outlines various sources of sugar donors, activated glycosides, and sugar nucleotides, as well as the utilization of engineered enzymes and microorganisms for glycosylation reactions. The advantages of enzymatic glycosylation, including its high regioselectivity, stereoselectivity, and sustainability, are emphasized. Therefore, these approaches combining the use of different catalytic systems, the improvement of tools such as immobilization technology or chemical or genetic modification to improve the glycosylation process, could be useful tools in continuous biotechnological advancements.

Fitopatógenos interferem de forma negativa na produção e na qualidade final dos produtos agrícolas comercializados. O trabalho tem como objetivo verificar o controle alternativo dos fungos Cercospora beticola sacc, Phytophthora infestans e Colletotrichum lindemuthianum, utilizando as doses 0,2; 0,4; 0,6; 0,8 µL mL-1 do óleo essencial de guaçatonga, em comparação a testemunha com somente água. Avaliou- se in vitro o potencial do óleo essencial de guaçatonga OEG (Casearia sylvestris) em comparação ao índice do crescimento micelial (IVCM), e in vivo a severidade da cercospora em plantas de beterraba, também se determinou o potencial do OEG em induzir mecanismo de resistência. Examinou-se a atividade da enzima peroxidase. Dessa forma, adicionou-se o óleo em placas de Petri para experimento in vitro e para in vivo pulverizou-se semanalmente o óleo sobre as plantas acondicionadas em casa de vegetação. Determinou-se o efeito direto do óleo sobre os fungos e o controle de cercospora nas folhas de beterraba, e a atividade da enzima peroxidase. Verificou-se que o óleo não apresentou efeito direto sobre a C. beticola in vitro, mas sim sobre os outros dois fungos obteve redução sobre o IVCM, e ativou simultaneamente mecanismos de defesa sobre as plantas de beterraba. Assim, pode se dizer que o, OEG apresenta a capacidade de agir diretamente sobre os patógenos Phytophthora infestans, Colletotrichum lindemuthianum e induzir a resistência de plantas beterraba contra Cercospora beticola.

Al menos en español, podría parecer que el encabezado de esta nota editorial es un juego de palabras, pero lo cierto es que, a partir de este año, ANALECTA VETERINARIA comienza a ser parte de SciELO, una de las bibliotecas electrónicas más significativas de Iberoamérica (http://scielo.org.ar/scielo.php?script=sci_serial&lng=es&pid=1514-2590). SciELO (Scientific Electronic Library Online), tiene como misión recuperar la ciencia de los países en desarrollo y reafirmar el compromiso de propiciar el derecho a la información científica, procurando la excelencia académica y editorial de las publicaciones científicas. Agrupa revistas científicas en texto completo y con acceso abierto, libre y gratuito. Las revistas que integran la colección SciELO abarcan todas las áreas del conocimiento. Sus artículos son revisados por pares, lo que le otorga confiabilidad y rigor científico. SciELO indiza trabajos científicos escritos en inglés, español y portugués. Para que una revista argentina ingrese a este indizador, son evaluados una serie de aspectos de rigurosidad y excelencia, basados en los criterios del Núcleo Básico de Publicaciones Científicas Argentinas (http://caicyt-conicet.gov.ar/sitio/comunicacion-cientifica/nucleo-basico/) y del catálogo Latindex (https://latindex.org/latindex/). Cumplimentar todos estos aspectos por parte de ANALECTA VETERINARIA representa un reconocimiento a la labor de autores, revisores, equipo editorial y al sistema de gestión de revistas de la UNLP, como así también a la visibilidad y a la citación que son atribuibles a nuestros lectores.

Este estudo tem como objetivo analisar o absenteísmo-doença entre professores da Rede Municipal de Ensino de Porto Alegre (RME/POA) na série temporal de 2014-2019. Para tanto, foram investigados os afastamentos por problemas de saúde entre docentes, na busca de alterações dos indicadores analisados, desde a implantação de uma nova rotina escolar no ano de 2017. Por meio da Estatística Descritiva, fez-se uma análise quantitativa de indicadores a respeito das Licenças Tratamento de Saúde (LTS), constatando-se um significativo aumento no número delas e de docentes em LTS, bem como a redução do número de dias por licença e de dias de licença por servidor. Esses resultados nos permitem sugerir que as mudanças efetuadas na rotina escolar contribuíram para a elevação do número de afastamentos para tratamento de problemas de saúde e que os gestores necessitam promover mudanças na organização de trabalho visando à promoção de saúde dos professores.

Coastal areas constitute one of the most difficult domains to manage, due to the several human activities and natural processes concentrated in it. The case of the coastal dunes is special, since they are so fragile and any intervention on them can cause alterations in the landforms and dynamics. This work assesses the level and role of management and the morphological status of coastal dunes on the Catalan and Valencian shorelines. To that end, ten beach-dune systems from Catalan and Valencian shorelines have been studied to guess how management actions determine the morphological status of them. A set of variables, comprising management actions and morphological status, have been selected and analyzed through a Hierarchical Clustering on Principal Components (HCPC). Results show that the beach-dune systems can be gathered in 2 main groups: those where sustainable management measures were not applied and present an advanced erosive state, and the ones where sustainable management measures were applied and present a good state of conservation. The good state of conservation is related to restoring dunes applying nature-based solutions, whereas degraded morphologies appear when artificial management actions have been carried out.

In order to restore, maintain and protect the beach-dune systems of the Balearic Islands different management techniques have been applied. They have been based on the artificial emulation of natural processes to favour the recovery of the system, on the installation of elements that prevent the frequenting and on trampling of the dune systems. Some techniques are positive while others have aggravated erosive processes due to a lack of geomorphological criteria. This work analyses good and bad practices on beach-dune systems of the Balearic Islands between 2000-2021.

RESUMO As condições de saúde resultam de fatores socioeconômicos, sobretudo aquelas doenças de causas evitáveis, como a desnutrição em crianças nos seus primeiros anos de vida. Assim, o objetivo deste estudo foi investigar a relação entre a mortalidade na infância por desnutrição e as ações em saúde do Programa Bolsa Família, comparando dados nacionais com dados do Rio Grande do Sul. Foram correlacionados, por meio do método de Pearson, dados referentes ao Programa Bolsa Família (número de famílias beneficiárias, condicionalidades em saúde colocadas pelo Programa e valores transferidos às famílias beneficiárias) com as taxas de mortalidade por desnutrição em crianças menores de cinco anos entre os anos 2005 e 2014. Os dados, cuja coleta foi realizada entre agosto e setembro de 2016, são originários da Matriz de Informação Social (MI Social), das bases do Sistema de Informações sobre Nascidos Vivos e do Sistema de Informações de Mortalidade. Os resultados demonstraram que o Bolsa Família atua por meio da transferência de renda, pois impacta no estado nutricional da criança, e exaltaram o caráter intersetorial do Programa, possibilitando melhores condições de cidadania aos seus beneficiários, por meio da ampliação do acesso aos serviços públicos e da participação em ações de promoção e prevenção em saúde.

ABSTRACT Aim: To analyze the repercussions of Nursing, the structuring and resolution of National Health Systems in facing the new coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) in selected countries. Method: Reflection article on the confrontation of COVID-19 by the National Health Systems of China, United States of America, Italy, United Kingdom, Portugal, Cuba and Brazil, from information disseminated in different media and in the literature. Results: The response of health systems depended more on political decisions than on their structuring and organization. Nursing, being the front line, was the profession most affected in number of cases and deaths. Final Considerations: The reflection shows that the countries' economic and political issues interfered in the response to COVID-19 and what the role played by Nursing is essential in the front line to face the pandemic.

En nuestra nota editorial del primer semestre del año 2020 (Portiansky, 2020) hacíamos referencia a la reducción de las prácticas profesionales, tanto fuera como dentro de los laboratorios de nuestro país y del mundo, por causa de la pandemia de la COVID-19. En vista a ello, especulábamos acerca del caudal de material a ser publicado en los siguientes meses. La hipótesis indicaba que la mayoría de los trabajos no relacionados con diferentes aspectos del nuevo coronavirus sería el producto de experimentos realizados con anterioridad a la fecha del cierre de los establecimientos educativos y de investigación. Hoy nos encontramos a más de un año de aquella fecha inicial, en marzo de 2020, y vemos las consecuencias de lo mencionado: los trabajos presentados por los diferentes investigadores han disminuido, tanto en nuestra revista, como en muchas otras de nuestro país y del mundo. De acuerdo con la base de datos MEDLINE (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/), de las 115.637 citas correspondientes a la palabra clave “coronavirus”, 109.127 corresponden al bienio 2020-2021. Es decir, en el último año y medio se publicó el 94,3% del material acerca del virus y de los alcances de la infección. De esas cifras, 9732 trabajos referidos a animales no humanos fueron publicados entre 1949 y 2019, mientras que en los últimos 2 años se publicaron 4301 trabajos (44,2%) que, en su mayoría, probablemente correspondan a animales de experimentación. Sin embargo, para otros temas, la producción científica no reflejó los mismos índices. Si por ejemplo tomamos como palabras clave “mastitis bovina”, en el año 2020 se publicaron 271 artículos, mientras que en el año anterior (2019) se habían publicado 340. En el primer semestre del año 2020, se habían publicado 173 de los 271 (63,8%). Durante el primer semestre de este año 2021, solo se publicaron 58 trabajos en el tema. De la misma manera, se pueden realizar búsquedas de palabras clave generales acerca de procesos infecciosos, de producción o experimentación con animales y en la mayoría de los casos se va a observar un patrón similar, debido a que muchas experiencias iniciadas debieron ser suspendidas o retrasadas por las medidas sanitarias vigentes. No solo el cierre de los centros de investigación ha impactado negativamente en el caudal de publicaciones. Se le suma también el incremento del precio de los insumos, reactivos y equipamiento de investigación a nivel mundial, que repercute particularmente en nuestro país, donde los subsidios para la investigación no solo no se actualizan, sino que sufren retrasos de desembolso. Lentamente, los distintos países irán restableciendo las actividades experimentales a medida que la vacunación de la población permita retomar las actividades cotidianas. De esa manera, aquellas revistas que usualmente contamos con un número acotado de trabajos científicos iremos incrementando nuestro caudal de información para los más diversos lectores, hasta alcanzar nuestros valores históricos. Será un proceso paulatino, pero ANALECTA VETERINARIA estará abierta, como desde hace más de 115 años, a todos aquellos que quieran publicar en una revista de alcance nacional y americano en temas que hacen al saber científico en el área de las ciencias veterinarias.

Nosso objetivo é apresentar um ensaio sobre a experiência de construção, realização e participação no Grupo Aberto de Orientação (GAO), criado em 2013 e que se configura como um dispositivo de criação, em encontros e atividades de leitura e escrita coletivas e solidárias. Composto por docentes e discentes da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS) e de outras instituições de ensino superior, além de pessoas interessadas, não vinculadas a cursos de graduação ou programas de pós-graduação. Seu objetivo é a produção e discussão de textos de autoria dos participantes (projetos, dissertações, artigos, memoriais, etc.), de tal forma que todos tenham a oportunidade de vivenciar e conhecer as atividades de ensino, pesquisa e extensão universitárias. A troca entre participantes tem oportunizado a vivência de uma prática de formação inovadora, socializando e produzindo novos saberes, na medida em que abre espaços que valorizem a diversidade e a pluralidade das atividades.

IntroductionMixed-specifier mood disorders are probably a different subgroup in terms of response to treatment, socio-demographic parameters, course, and family history. Here we describe the rationale and design of a clinical trial aimed to test the efficacy, safety, and tolerability of a non-pharmacological treatment known as theta-burst stimulation (TBS) for treating the mixed depressive episodes of both bipolar (I or II), and unipolar depression.MethodsThe study is designed as a randomized, sham-controlled, double-blinded clinical trial evaluating TBS for the treatment of moderate or severe major depressive episodes with mixed features of patients receiving at least one first or second-line pharmacological treatment for depressive episodes without adequate response. Ninety adult (18 to 65 years old) patients will be enrolled and submitted to 6-week (comprising 5 consecutive days a week sessions for the first 3 weeks and then 2 days a week for a further 3 week) of inhibitory followed by excitatory TBS in dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. Participants will be assessed using clinical and neuropsychological tests before and after the intervention. The primary outcome is change in Montgomery–Åsberg Depression Scale (MADRS) score over time and across groups. Cognitive parameters will also be assessed with neuropsychological tests.ResultsThe clinical results will provide evidence about TBS as an adjunctive treatment for mixed depression treatment and neuropsychological parameters will contribute toward an improved understanding the effects of TBS in cognition.ConclusionOur results could introduce a novel therapeutic technique for mixed depressive episodes of both bipolar and unipolar disorders.Clinical Trial Registrationwww.ClinicalTrials.gov, identifier NCT04123301; date of registration: 10/10/2019; URL: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04123301?term=NCT04123301&rank=1.

El erizo pigmeo africano (Atelerix albiventris) se ha convertido en una mascota exótica. Es por ello que se han realizado diversos estudios sobre aspectos de salud y enfermedad de esta especie. El objetivo del trabajo fue presentar un caso de un pólipo y leiomioma uterinos en un erizo pigmeo africano. En 2016, una hembra de 2 años se presentó a la consulta con hematuria. La radiografía y ecografía abdominales revelaron una masa intrauterina. Se realizó ovariohisterectomía y se constató la presencia de dos masas de tejido. Mediante estudios histopatológico e histoquímico se formuló un diagnóstico de pólipo y leiomioma uterinos. La paciente se recuperó totalmente. Doce meses postintervención la misma concurrió a consulta para realizar un control anual en el cual se no se evidenciaron signos clínicos de la enfermedad.

Viruses are among the most infectious pathogens, responsible for the highest death toll around the world. Lack of effective clinical drugs for most viral diseases emphasizes the need for speedy and accurate diagnosis at early stages of infection to prevent rapid spread of the pathogens. Glycans are important molecules which are involved in different biological recognition processes, especially in the spread of infection by mediating virus interaction with endothelial cells. Thus, novel strategies based on nanotechnology have been developed for identifying and inhibiting viruses in a fast, selective, and precise way. The nanosized nature of nanomaterials and their exclusive optical, electronic, magnetic, and mechanical features can improve patient care through using sensors with minimal invasiveness and extreme sensitivity. This review provides an overview of the latest advances of functionalized glyconanomaterials, for rapid and selective biosensing detection of molecules as biomarkers or specific glycoproteins and as novel promising antiviral agents for different kinds of serious viruses, such as the Dengue virus, Ebola virus, influenza virus, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), influenza virus, Zika virus, or coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19).

Introduction: increasingly, a correct clinical diagnosis in Veterinary Medicine presupposes an accomplishment of complementary diagnostic exams, including those from Pathological Anatomy specialty and the potential risks of jeopardizing the quality and reliability of the laboratory diagnosis should be appropriately identified to adopt procedures, aiming their minimization. Objetives: the objectives of this work include the categorization of errors related to the diagnostic technique that takes place in the Laboratory of Pathological Anatomy Veterinary and enumeration of strategies for minimizing frequent errors. Material and Methods: monitoring the routine histological technique, from the moment of entry and receipt of samples, to identify and record the most frequently observed errors. Results: the most frequently identified errors in this work included the incomplete filling or illegibility of the analysis request, followed by incorrect packaging of the sample, the inadequate amount of formaldehyde for fixation and transport of the sample, and the absence of indications to the correct orientation of the surgical specimen. Conclusion: the adoption of simple strategies, detailed in the present work, solves most of the detected pre-analytical errors and the adoption of an identification system for the samples can guarantee the analytical and post-analytical quality in the histopathological diagnosis, minimizing the errors.

Resumo Para que ocorra o controle de doenças na pós-colheita de uvas, são utilizados agroquímicos que, apesar de eficientes, podem causar problemas à saúde humana. Neste sentido, o presente trabalho tem o objetivo de verificar o potencial dos compostos voláteis presentes no óleo essencial de pitanga (OEP), guaçatonga (OEG) e melaleuca (OEM) no controle de Botrytis cinerea tanto in vitro quanto inoculados nas bagas de uvas ‘Rubi’, bem como verificar a indução de resistência nesses frutos. Dessa forma, avaliou-se o crescimento micelial do B. cinerea, o controle do mofo cinzento nas uvas ‘Rubi’, a qualidade pós-colheita dessas bagas e a atividade das enzimas polifenoloxidase (PPO), fenilalanina amônio liase (PAL), glucanase (GLU) e quitinase. De acordo com os resultados, observou-se que os compostos voláteis liberados pelos óleos essenciais reduziram os índices de velocidade de crescimento micelial de B. cinerea e da doença do mofo cinzento. Os tratamentos com voláteis de OEP e OEG ativaram mecanismos de indução de resistência desses frutos. Dessa forma, ressalta-se que OEP e OEG liberam compostos que apresentam a capacidade de agir diretamente sobre B. cinerea e também induzem a resistência de uvas ‘Rubi’, reduzindo o mofo cinzento nessas uvas.

Este artigo discute a construção de uma linha de cuidado (LC)/escuta em saúde mental do trabalhador e da trabalhadora como expressão da Clínica do Trabalho no Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS), com base na Psicodinâmica do Trabalho, e inserida na rede já existente. Entende-se que a LC deve estar na discussão da implantação da Política Nacional de Saúde do Trabalhador e da Trabalhadora conforme apontado nas diretrizes da Portaria nº 1.823/2012. A partir da escuta de 24 trabalhadores e trabalhadoras usuários de ambulatório de doenças do trabalho, em situação de sofrimento e adoecimento psíquico, emergiram possibilidades para pensar esta clínica. A demanda foi escutada como uma necessidade de cuidado a estes que sofrem em momento específico de sua vida, pois se entende que essa situação seja passageira, por ser relacionada ao trabalho e, por essa razão, possa ser superada com acompanhamento em atendimentos e encaminhamentos relacionados à saúde mental e trabalho.

A thorough understanding of the heritability, genetic correlations and additive and non-additive variance components of tree growth and wood properties is a requisite for effective tree breeding. This knowledge is essential to maximize genetic gain, that is, the amount of increase in trait performance achieved annually through directional selection. Understanding the genetic attributes of traits targeted by breeding is also important to sustain decade-long genetic progress, that is, the progress made by increasing the average genetic value of the offspring as compared to that of the parental generation. In this study, we report quantitative genetic parameters for fifteen growth, wood chemical and physical traits for the world-famous Eucalyptus urograndis hybrid (E. grandis × E. urophylla). These traits directly impact the optimal use of wood for cellulose pulp, paper, and energy production. A population of 1,000 trees sampled in a progeny trial was phenotyped directly or following the development and use of near-infrared spectroscopy calibration models. Trees were genotyped with 33,398 SNPs and 24,001 DArT-seq genome-wide markers and genomic realized relationship matrices (GRM) were used for parameter estimation with an individual-tree additive-dominant mixed model. Wood chemical properties and wood density showed stronger genetic control than growth, cellulose and fiber traits. Additive effects are the main drivers of genetic variation for all traits, but dominance plays an equally or more important role for growth, singularly in this hybrid. GRM´s with >10,000 markers provided stable relationships estimates and more accurate parameters than pedigrees by capturing the full genetic relationships among individuals and disentangling the non-additive from the additive genetic component. Low correlations between growth and wood properties indicate that simultaneous selection for wood traits can be applied with minor effects on genetic gain for growth. Conversely, moderate to strong correlations between wood density and chemical traits exist, likely due to their interdependency on cell wall structure such that responses to selection will be connected for these traits. Our results illustrate the advantage of using genome-wide marker data to inform tree breeding in general and have important consequences for operational breeding of eucalypt urograndis hybrids.

This paper provides an overview of the last 40 years of use, and in many cases abuse, of the natural resources in Catalonia, a country that is representative of European countries in general, and especially those in the Mediterranean region. It analyses the use of natural resources made by mining, agriculture, livestock, logging, fishing, nature tourism, and energy production and consumption. This use results in an ecological footprint, i.e., the productive land and sea surface required to generate the consumed resources and absorb the resulting waste, which is about seven times the amount available, a very high number but very similar to other European countries. This overexploitation of natural resources has a huge impact on land and its different forms of cover, air, and water. For the last 25 years, forests and urban areas have each gained almost 3% more of the territory at the expense of agricultural land; those municipalities bordering the sea have increased their number of inhabitants and activity, and although they only occupy 6.7% of the total surface area, they account for 43.3% of the population; air quality has stabilized since the turn of the century, and there has been some improvement in the state of aquatic ecosystems, but still only 36% are in good condition, while the remainder have suffered morphological changes and different forms of nonpoint source pollution; meanwhile the biodiversity of flora and fauna remains still under threat. Environmental policies do not go far enough so there is a need for revision of the legislation related to environmental impact and the protection of natural areas, flora, and fauna. The promotion of environmental research must be accompanied by environmental education to foster a society which is more knowledgeable, has more control and influence over the decisions that deeply affect it. Indeed, nature conservation goes hand in hand with other social and economic challenges that require a more sustainable vision. Today’s problems with nature derive from the current economic model, which is environmentally unsustainable in that it does not take into account environmental impacts. Lastly, we propose a series of reasonable and feasible priority measures and actions related to each use made of the country’s natural resources, to the impacts they have had, and to their management, in the hope that these can contribute to improving the conservation and management of the environment and biodiversity and move towards sustainability.

Cascade reactions have been described as efficient and universal tools, and are of substantial interest in synthetic organic chemistry. This review article provides an overview of the novel and recent achievements in enzyme cascade processes catalyzed by multi-enzymatic or chemoenzymatic systems. The examples here selected collect the advances related to the application of the sequential use of enzymes in natural or genetically modified combination; second, the important combination of enzymes and metal complex systems, and finally we described the application of biocatalytic biohybrid systems on in situ catalytic solid-phase as a novel strategy. Examples of efficient and interesting enzymatic catalytic cascade processes in organic chemistry, in the production of important industrial products, such as the designing of novel biosensors or bio-chemocatalytic systems for medicinal chemistry application, are discussed

ABSTRACT: Agaricus brasiliensis include bioactive compounds that can act as antibiotics, bacteriostatic, fungistatic and nematostatic substances. In this sense, this study aimed to evaluate the effect of a single application of aqueous mycelial suspension (AMS) of A. brasiliensis in control of downy mildew (Plasmopara viticola) and resistance induction in ‘Isabel Precoce’ grapevines under greenhouse conditions. Treatments consisted of three doses of 1%, 5%, 10%, 15% and 20% AMS A. brasiliensis, as well as treatment with acibenzolar-S-methyl (ASM). The variables analyzed were: sporangiospore germination, disease severity, represented by the area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC), catalase enzyme activity, peroxidase and polyphenol. The 10%, 15% and 20% doses of AMS caused approximately 80% reduction in germination of P. viticola sporangiospores. The treatments did not show significant effects in reducing both the AUDPC of mildew and polyphenol oxidase enzyme activity. The A. brasiliensis aqueous mycelial suspension showed a fungitoxic effect on the germination of sporangiopores; however, it was not enough to reduce the severity of mildew in the ‘Isabel Precoce’ grapevines, even when acting on the catalase and peroxidase enzymes. Thus, experiments should be performed to verify the viability of the reproductive structures of the pathogen externalized in the vines when treated with A. brasiliensis AMS.

ObjectiveThe concept of stigma refers to problems of knowledge (ignorance), attitudes (prejudice), and behavior (discrimination). Stigma may hinder access to care, housing, and work. In the context of implementation of programs such as “housing first” or “individual placement and support” in French speaking regions, validated instruments measuring stigma are necessary. “Attitudes to Mental Illness 2011” is a questionnaire that includes three scales measuring stigma through these three dimensions. This study aimed to translate, adapt, and validate these three scales in French.MethodsThe “Attitudes to Mental Illness 2011” questionnaire was translated into French and back-translated into English by an expert. Two hundred and sixty-eight nursing students completed the questionnaire. Content validity, face validity, internal validity, and convergent validity were assessed. Long-term reliability was also estimated over a three-month period.ResultsExperts and participants found that the questionnaire’s content validity and face validity were appropriate. The internal validities of the three scales were also considered adequate. Convergent validity indicated that the scales did indeed measure what they were supposed to. Long-term stability estimates were moderate; this pattern of results suggested that the construct targeted by the three scales is adequately measured but does not necessarily represent stable and enduring traits.ConclusionBecause of their good psychometric properties, these three scales can be used in French, either separately, to measure one specific dimension of stigma, or together, to assess stigma in its three dimensions. This would seem of paramount importance in evaluating campaigns against stigma since it allows measures to be adapted according to campaign goals and the target population.

RESUMO Objetivo Analisar as práticas de monitoramento desenvolvidas pelos municípios e as interfaces com a prática da Enfermagem. Métodos Estudo exploratório descritivo com abordagem qualitativa, realizado nos seis municípios da Região de Saúde 10 do Rio Grande do Sul. Foram realizadas entrevistas semiestruturadas junto a seis gestores de saúde e um assessor, com análise de conteúdo. Resultados As categorias finais que emergiram dos resultados foram “Práticas de monitoramento na gestão municipal em saúde” e “Dificuldades de implantação do monitoramento pelos gestores”. Conclusões Os gestores apontaram potencialidades e fragilidades nas práticas de monitoramento municipal de saúde. A incorporação deste processo é primordial à prática dos profissionais, especialmente da enfermagem, promovendo um incremento no uso de novas ferramentas que propiciam a inovação para subsidiar a tomada de decisão.

Después de décadas de ausencia del lobo (Canis lupus) en los Pirineos, desde finales de los años noventa se han detectado algunos ejemplares solitarios en el sector oriental de la Cordillera. El establecimiento definitivo del lobo dependerá de varios factores, entre los que cabe destacar la disponibilidad de hábitat adecuado, las medidas de conservación de la especie y la conectividad ecológica del paisaje. El presente estudio analiza la disponibilidad de hábitat para el lobo en Cataluña y la vertiente francesa de los Pirineos orientales mediante la elaboración de un mapa de coste de fricción o matriz de permeabilidad para la especie en cuestión, basado en siete parámetros de tipo territorial y ambiental. Posteriormente, se han seleccionado los espacios más óptimos para el lobo y se han delimitado las zonas geográficas más susceptibles para albergar el cánido en un futuro próximo. Los resultados del análisis confirman que un tercio del área estudiada constituye un hábitat óptimo para el lobo y alrededor del 90% de estos espacios cuentan con unas dimensiones suficientes para albergar poblaciones estables de lobos.

BackgroundRespiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the leading cause of viral lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI) and hospitalization in infants. Mostly because of the incomplete understanding of the disease pathogenesis, there is no licensed vaccine, and treatment remains symptomatic. We analyzed whole blood transcriptional profiles to characterize the global host immune response to acute RSV LRTI in infants, to characterize its specificity compared with influenza and human rhinovirus (HRV) LRTI, and to identify biomarkers that can objectively assess RSV disease severity.Methods and findingsThis was a prospective observational study over six respiratory seasons including a cohort of infants hospitalized with RSV (n = 135), HRV (n = 30), and influenza (n = 16) LRTI, and healthy age- and sex-matched controls (n = 39). A specific RSV transcriptional profile was identified in whole blood (training cohort, n = 45 infants; Dallas, Texas, US) and validated in three different cohorts (test cohort, n = 46, Dallas, Texas, US; validation cohort A, n = 16, Turku, Finland; validation cohort B, n = 28, Columbus, Ohio, US) with high sensitivity (94% [95% CI 87%-98%]) and specificity (98% [95% CI 88%-99%]). It classified infants with RSV LRTI versus HRV or influenza LRTI with 95% accuracy. The immune dysregulation induced by RSV (overexpression of neutrophil, inflammation, and interferon genes, and suppression of T and B cell genes) persisted beyond the acute disease, and immune dysregulation was greatly impaired in younger infants (ConclusionsBlood RNA profiles of infants with RSV LRTI allow specific diagnosis, better understanding of disease pathogenesis, and assessment of disease severity. This study opens new avenues for biomarker discovery and identification of potential therapeutic or preventive targets, and demonstrates that large microarray datasets can be translated into a biologically meaningful context and applied to the clinical setting. Please see later in the article for the Editors' Summary.

RESUMO Este estudo busca desenvolver uma análise a respeito de legislações do Ministério da Saúde, tendo como foco o acolhimento ao trabalhador-usuário do Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS), especialmente relativo à saúde mental. Metodologicamente, desenvolveu-se uma análise documental, com leitura, discussão e comparação de objetivos e ações envolvendo as portarias relativas à assistência em saúde mental e à Política Nacional de Saúde do Trabalhador e da Trabalhadora e ainda sobre a Lei nº 10.216. Foi possível perceber que a articulação de tais documentos acontece de um modo bastante tênue, dificultando o acolhimento integral aos usuários em sofrimento psíquico ocasionado pelo trabalho.

Abstract Memory clinics were established in the USA and European countries as services to attend patients who complain of cognitive deficits, referred by primary care doctors, specialists and other hospitals. Objective: We aimed to describe the clinical and cognitive profile of consecutively evaluated subjects during the initial three years of service of a memory clinic from a university hospital. Methods: Subjects were submitted to a clinical work-up for dementia, which included laboratory exams, cranial computerized tomography, cognitive tests, and a comprehensive neuropsychological battery. Diagnosis was made according to ICD-10 criteria. Results: We evaluated 104 subjects (67.3% females and 32.7% males), with mean age of 59.1 years, 88.8% aged 50 years or above. Mean schooling was 9.9 years. Patients were classified into 10 different primary diagnostic categories, namely Depression (26.9%), Alzheimer's disease (17.3%), Memory complaints without objective impairment (17.3%), Mild Cognitive Disorder - MCD (14.4%), and Anxiety (12.5%) the most frequent diagnosis. Comparing patients with dementia, MCD, Depression or Anxiety and Memory complainers, by age (below and above 60 years), dementia was more commonly diagnosed in older subjects, while a higher frequency of memory complainers was found in the younger group. Conclusions: This preliminary report from an outpatient group of referred patients with cognitive complaints showed a higher frequency of psychiatric disorders in this sample. The memory clinic approach should be considered as a model of service which can evaluate subjects with cognitive complaints effectively and improve the quality of care delivered to this patient group.

This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of cryptococcal antigenemia detected by lateral flow assay (LFA) in AIDS patients and its accuracy in the diagnosis of cryptococcosis. Conducted at a university hospital in Brazil from March 2015 to July 2017, it included AIDS patients over 18 years old with a CD4+ count ≤ 200 cells/mm3. Cryptococcal antigen (CrAg) detection using LFA and latex agglutination (LA), along with blood and urine cultures, were performed. The reference standard was the identification of Cryptococcus spp. in clinical specimens through microbiological or histopathological examination. Among 230 patients, the prevalence of CrAg detected by LFA (CrAg LFA) was 13.0%. Factors associated with cryptococcal antigenemia included fever, vomiting, seizures, and a lack of antiretroviral therapy. The sensitivity and specificity of CrAg LFA were 83.9% and 98.0%, respectively. The positive predictive value (PPV) was 86.7%, the negative predictive value (NPV) was 97.5%, and overall accuracy was 96.1%. Cross-reactions were observed in patients with histoplasmosis and paracoccidioidmycosis, but not with aspergillosis or positive rheumatoid factor. The study concludes that the LFA is a useful tool for detecting cryptococcal antigenemia in severely immunocompromised AIDS patients due to its high NPV, specificity, and PPV. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Resumo Este artigo discute a saúde do trabalhador e mais especificamente os aspectos relativos à saúde mental relacionada ao trabalho, a partir de entrevistas com 24 trabalhadores e trabalhadoras em situação de sofrimento e adoecimento. A utilização de um roteiro de entrevistas e o uso conjunto do SRQ-20 possibilitaram o entendimento da história do trabalhador, sua relação com o trabalho e de sua saúde em intrínseca associação com o vivido no espaço laboral. A proposta é que a discussão e os instrumentos utilizados possam servir para profissionais da saúde que necessitam fazer investigação diagnóstica da relação saúde mental e trabalho, além de trazer importantes questionamentos para construir uma proposta de acompanhamento terapêutico para o trabalhador ou trabalhadora que busca o serviço. O objetivo maior é o de subsidiar a construção de propostas para uma clínica em saúde mental e trabalho para os serviços do Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS).