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Background: Full‐thickness skin grafts are widely used in plastic and reconstructive surgery. The main limitation of skin grafting is the poor textural durability and associated contracture, which often needs further corrective surgery. Excessive inflammation is the main reason for skin graft contractions, which involve overactivation of myofibroblasts. These problems have prompted the development of new therapeutic approaches, including macrophage polarization modulation and stem cell–based therapies. Currently, adipose‐derived stem cells (ASCs) have shown promise in promoting skin grafts survival and regulating macrophage phenotypes. However, the roles of ASCs on macrophages in decreasing skin grafts contraction remain unknown. Materials and Methods: Rat adipose‐derived stem cells (rASCs) were isolated from rat inguinal adipose tissues. Full‐thickness skin graft model was constructed on male rats divided into control group and rASCs treatment group. Skin graft was assessed for concentration, elasticity modulus and stiffness. Rat bone marrow‐derived macrophages (rBMDMs) were isolated from rat femurs, and subsequent RT‐qPCR and coculture assays were carried out to explore the cellular mechanisms. Immunohistochemical and immunofluorescence staining were used to verify mechanisms in vivo. Results: In vivo results showed that after injection of ASCs, improved texture, increased survival and inhibited contraction of skin grafts were seen. Vascularization was also improved as illustrated by laser perfusion image and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) concentration. Histological analysis revealed that ASCs injection significantly reduced expression of pro‐inflammatory cytokines (TNF‐a, IL‐1β) and increased expression of anti‐inflammatory (IL‐10) and pro‐healing cytokines (IGF‐1). At cellular level, after co‐culturing with rASCs, rat bone marrow derived macrophages (rBMDMs) favored M2 polarization even under inflammatory stimulus. Conclusion: ASCs treatment enhanced vascularization via angiogenic cytokines secretion and alleviated inflammatory environment in skin grafts by driving M2 macrophages polarization, which improved survival and decreased skin grafts contraction. Our work showed that ASCs transplantation can be harnessed to enhance therapeutic efficacy of skin grafting in cutaneous defects treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

MYB transcription factors (TFs) play important roles in plant growth and development, metabolic regulation, and stress responses. In the current study, 258 2R‐MYB TFs were identified in Nicotiana tabacum and systemically analyzed. The 2R‐NtMYB TFs were unevenly distributed on 23 chromosomes and were classified into 33 subgroups according to the Arabidopsis thaliana 2R‐MYB classification. The promoters of the 2R‐NtMYB harbor numerous potential cis‐acting elements involved in plant growth, metabolism, hormone signaling, and stress responsiveness. Chip‐based expression profiling of different tissues and growth stages revealed that the 2R‐NtMYBs showed constitutive or spatiotemporally specific expressions. RNA‐sequencing data indicated that some 2R‐NtMYBs, including NtMYB16, NtMYB27, NtMYB35, and NtMYB170, are involved in the response to one or several abiotic and biotic stresses, namely drought and resistance to black shank and bacterial wilt. Quantitative PCR results further revealed that NtMYBs respond to different hormones (abscisic acid, indole acetic acid, gibberellic acid, methyl jasmonate, and salicylic acid) and confirmed their involvement in abiotic stress responses like heat, drought, and salt. NtMYB35 overexpression and mutant lines generated using CRISPR‐Cas9 gene editing were used to verify the important role of NtMYB35 in regulating tobacco growth, pigment metabolism, and aphid resistance. These results provide a detailed overview of this TF family in N. tabacum and valuable insights for future functional analyses of NtMYB TFs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: With widespread utilization of instant social media, people desire a minimally invasive treatment to improve alar dynamic aesthetic, but few practical procedures on reducing alar mobility have been conducted.Objectives: This study aimed to verify the effects of botulinum toxin on reducing nasal alar mobility and provide a supplemental treatment of rhinoplasty.Methods: This single-blind prospective study included a cohort of 20 participants with the desire to improve their alar dynamic aesthetic. The experimental group was injected with 3U botulinum toxin type A at dilator naris anterior, dilator naris vestibularis, levator labii superioris alaeque nasi, and dilator naris, and the control group received the equivalent of saline. Standardized facial movement (from rest to maximum smile without revealing teeth) was recorded with a 3-dimensional imaging system. The changes between rest and maximum smile statuses represented alar mobility and were generated by MOBILITY=WIDTHsmile-WIDTHrestWIDTHrest×100 % . Alar mobility and root mean square analysis were employed for postoperative evaluations.Results: In the experimental group, alar flaring mobility decreased from 10.05% ± 6.40% to 4.91% ± 3.48%(P < 0.05), and alar base mobility decreased from 16.83% ± 5.69% to 12.50% ± 4.89% (P < 0.05), whereas no significant changes in alar mobility were found in the control group. In root mean square analysis, changes in the experimental group were significantly higher than in the control group (P < 0.05).Conclusions: Botulinum toxin type A can effectively restrain alar mobility without any significant adverse events and improve alar dynamic esthetic, which can serve as a minimally invasive method or supplemental treatment for rhinoplasty.Level Of Evidence:2: [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Previous association studies have investigated whether genetic polymorphisms in HTR1B influenced individuals' susceptibility to major depressive disorder (MDD), anti-depressant response (ADR) and suicidal behavior. However, equivocal evidence was obtained. In this meta-analysis, we aimed to examine the association of HTR1B polymorphisms with risk of MDD, ADR and suicidal behavior. Materials and Methods: Studies evaluating the association between HTR1B polymorphisms and risk of MDD, ADR and suicidal behavior were searched in Pubmed, Ovid Medline, web of science and China National Knowledge Infrastructure databases. Summary odds ratios (ORs), 95 % confidence intervals (CIs) and p -values were calculated using a fixed or random effects model. Results: Meta-analysis findings revealed a significantly increased risk of MDD with rs6296 GC and GC/CC genotypes (GC vs. GG: OR = 1.26, 95% CI, 1.07–1.48; GC/CC vs. GG: OR = 1.22, 95% CI, 1.04–1.43, respectively). Moreover, rs6298 CT genotype was significantly associated with an increased risk of suicidal behavior (CT vs. CC: OR = 1.48, 95% CI, 1.16–1.88). However, both rs6296 and rs130058 were not significant risk factors for lethal suicidal behavior. Conclusion: This meta-analysis identified that rs6296 and rs6298 in HTR1B may be significantly related to the risk of MDD and lethality of suicide attempts, respectively. Further studies are required to assess the markers in larger cohorts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A novel sequential permeable reactive barrier (multibarrier), composed of oxygen-releasing compound (ORC)/clinoptilolite/spongy iron zones in series, was proposed for ammonium-nitrogen-contaminated groundwater remediation. Column experiments were performed to: (1) evaluate the overall NH-N removal performance of the proposed multibarrier, (2) investigate nitrogen transformation in the three zones, (3) determine the reaction front progress, and (4) explore cleanup mechanisms for inorganic nitrogens. The results showed that NH-N percent removal by the multibarrier increased up to 90.43 % after 21 pore volumes (PVs) at the influent dissolved oxygen of 0.68∼2.45 mg/L and pH of 6.76∼7.42. NH-N of 4.06∼10.49 mg/L was depleted and NO-N (i.e., NO-N + NO-N) of 4.26∼9.63 mg/L was formed before 98 PVs in the ORC zone. NH-N of ≤4.76 mg/L was eliminated in the clinoptilolite zone. NO-N of 10.44∼12.80 mg/L was lost before 21 PVs in the spongy iron zone. The clinoptilolite zone length should be reduced to 30 cm. Microbial nitrification played a dominant role in NH-N removal in the ORC zone. Ion exchange was majorly responsible for NH-N elimination in the clinoptilolite zone. Chemical reduction and hydrogenotrophic denitrification both contributed to NO-N transformation, but the chemical reduction capacity decreased after 21 PVs in the spongy iron. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]