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312 results on '"Cantu, Robert C."'

1. Cognitive, functional, and neuropsychiatric correlates of regional tau pathology in autopsy-confirmed chronic traumatic encephalopathy

Author

Alosco, Michael L., White, Micaela, Bell, Carter, Faheem, Farwa, Tripodis, Yorghos, Yhang, Eukyung, Baucom, Zachary, Martin, Brett, Palmisano, Joseph, Dams-O’Connor, Kristen, Crary, John F., Goldstein, Lee E., Katz, Douglas I., Dwyer, Brigid, Daneshvar, Daniel H., Nowinski, Christopher, Cantu, Robert C., Kowall, Neil W., Stern, Robert A., Alvarez, Victor E., Huber, Bertrand Russell, Stein, Thor D., McKee, Ann C., and Mez, Jesse

Published
2024
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2. Cortical-sparing chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CSCTE): a distinct subtype of CTE

Author

Alexander, Abigail, Alvarez, Victor E., Huber, Bertrand R., Alosco, Michael L., Mez, Jesse, Tripodis, Yorghos, Nicks, Raymond, Katz, Douglas I., Dwyer, Brigid, Daneshvar, Daniel H., Martin, Brett, Palmisano, Joseph, Goldstein, Lee E., Crary, John F., Nowinski, Christopher, Cantu, Robert C., Kowall, Neil W., Stern, Robert A., Delalle, Ivana, McKee, Ann C., and Stein, Thor D.

Published
2024
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3. Leveraging football accelerometer data to quantify associations between repetitive head impacts and chronic traumatic encephalopathy in males

Author

Daneshvar, Daniel H., Nair, Evan S., Baucom, Zachary H., Rasch, Abigail, Abdolmohammadi, Bobak, Uretsky, Madeline, Saltiel, Nicole, Shah, Arsal, Jarnagin, Johnny, Baugh, Christine M., Martin, Brett M., Palmisano, Joseph N., Cherry, Jonathan D., Alvarez, Victor E., Huber, Bertrand R., Weuve, Jennifer, Nowinski, Christopher J., Cantu, Robert C., Zafonte, Ross D., Dwyer, Brigid, Crary, John F., Goldstein, Lee E., Kowall, Neil W., Katz, Douglas I., Stern, Robert A., Tripodis, Yorghos, Stein, Thor D., McClean, Michael D., Alosco, Michael L., McKee, Ann C., and Mez, Jesse

Published
2023
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4. Neuropsychological test performance of former American football players

Author

Alosco, Michael L., Barr, William B., Banks, Sarah J., Wethe, Jennifer V., Miller, Justin B., Pulukuri, Surya Vamsi, Culhane, Julia, Tripodis, Yorghos, Adler, Charles H., Balcer, Laura J., Bernick, Charles, Mariani, Megan L., Cantu, Robert C., Dodick, David W., McClean, Michael D., Au, Rhoda, Mez, Jesse, Turner, II, Robert W., Palmisano, Joseph N., Martin, Brett, Hartlage, Kaitlin, Cummings, Jeffrey L., Reiman, Eric M., Shenton, Martha E., and Stern, Robert A.

Published
2023
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5. Examination of parkinsonism in former elite American football players

Author

Alosco, Michael L., Adler, Charles H., Dodick, David W., Tripodis, Yorghos, Balcer, Laura J., Bernick, Charles, Banks, Sarah J., Barr, William B., Wethe, Jennifer V., Palmisano, Joseph N., Martin, Brett, Hartlage, Kaitlin, Cantu, Robert C., Geda, Yonas E., Katz, Douglas I., Mez, Jesse, Cummings, Jeffery L., Shenton, Martha E., Reiman, Eric M., and Stern, Robert A.

Published
2024
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6. A comparison between tau and amyloid-β cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers in chronic traumatic encephalopathy and Alzheimer disease

Author

Turk, Katherine W., Geada, Alexandra, Alvarez, Victor E., Xia, Weiming, Cherry, Jonathan D., Nicks, Raymond, Meng, Gaoyuan, Daley, Sarah, Tripodis, Yorghos, Huber, Bertrand R., Budson, Andrew E., Dwyer, Brigid, Kowall, Neil W., Cantu, Robert C., Goldstein, Lee E., Katz, Douglas I., Stern, Robert A., Alosco, Michael L., Mez, Jesse, McKee, Ann C., and Stein, Thor D.

Published
2022
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7. Catastrophic injuries and exertional medical events in lacrosse among youth, high school and collegiate athletes: longitudinal surveillance over four decades (1982-2020).

Author

Moseley, Garrett A., Lincoln, Andrew E., Drezner, Jonathan A., DeLong, Randi, Shore, Erin, Walker, Nina, Register-Mihalik, Johna K., Cantu, Robert C., and Kucera, Kristen L.

Subjects
SPORTS injuries, PHYSICAL training & conditioning, DEATH rate, CARDIAC arrest, LACROSSE, AMATEUR athletes, HIGH school athletes
Abstract

Objective: To determine the incidence rates (IRs) of catastrophic injuries and exertional medical events in lacrosse athletes. Methods: Catastrophic injuries and exertional medical events in lacrosse in the US among youth or amateur, high school and college athletes were analysed from the National Center for Catastrophic Sport Injury Research (NCCSI R) database from 1982/83 to 2019/20. Frequencies, IRs per 100,000 athlete-seasons (AS) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs), and incidence rate ratios (IRRs) with 95% CIs were calculated. Participation data were gathered from the National Federation of State High School Associations (NFHS), National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) and USA Lacrosse. Results: Sixty-nine catastrophic events (16 youth or amateur, 36 high school and 17 college; 84% male) occurred in US lacrosse from 7/1/1982 to 6/30/2020. Thirty-six percent of all incidents were fatal. The overall IR was 0.5 per 100,000 AS (95% CI: 0.4-0.7). There were 15 cases of non-traumatic sudden cardiac arrests (SCA s) and 15 incidents of commotio cordis. Fatality rates from SCA and commotio cordis decreased 95% (IRR = 0.05; 95% CI: 0, 0.2) from 1982/83-2006/07 to 2007/08-2019/20. Incidence rates were higher for collegiate versus high school 1982/83-2019/20 (IRR = 3.2; 95% CI: 1.8, 5.7) and collegiate versus youth 2005/06-2019/20 (IRR = 8.0; 95% CI: 3.0, 21.4) level. Contact with a stick or ball (41%) and contact with another player (20%) were the primary mechanisms of injury. Conclusions: The incidence of catastrophic events during lacrosse was higher among collegiate than high school or youth athletes. SCA from an underlying cardiac condition or from commotio cordis was the most common catastrophic event. Fatality rates from catastrophic injuries have declined significantly over the study period, perhaps driven by protective measures adopted by lacrosse governing bodies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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8. Lack of Association of Informant-Reported Traumatic Brain Injury and Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy.

Author

Culhane, Julia E., Jackson, Colleen E., Tripodis, Yorghos, Nowinski, Christopher J., Dams-O'Connor, Kristen, Pettway, Erika, Uretsky, Madeline, Abdolmohammadi, Bobak, Nair, Evan, Martin, Brett, Palmisano, Joseph, Katz, Douglas I., Dwyer, Brigid, Daneshvar, Daniel H., Goldstein, Lee E., Kowall, Neil W., Cantu, Robert C., Stern, Robert A., Huber, Bertrand Russell, and Crary, John F.

Published
2024
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10. Association of probable REM sleep behavior disorder with pathology and years of contact sports play in chronic traumatic encephalopathy

Author

Adams, Jason W., Alosco, Michael L., Mez, Jesse, Alvarez, Victor E., Huber, Bertrand R., Tripodis, Yorghos, Adler, Charles H., Kubilius, Carol, Cormier, Kerry A., Mathais, Rebecca, Nicks, Raymond, Kelley, Hunter J., Saltiel, Nicole, Uretsky, Madeline, Nair, Evan, Aytan, Nurgul, Cherry, Jonathan D., Nowinski, Christopher J., Kowall, Neil W., Goldstein, Lee E., Dwyer, Brigid, Katz, Douglas I., Cantu, Robert C., Stern, Robert A., McKee, Ann C., and Stein, Thor D.

Published
2020
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11. Structural MRI profiles and tau correlates of atrophy in autopsy-confirmed CTE

Author

Alosco, Michael L., Mian, Asim Z., Buch, Karen, Farris, Chad W., Uretsky, Madeline, Tripodis, Yorghos, Baucom, Zachary, Martin, Brett, Palmisano, Joseph, Puzo, Christian, Ang, Ting Fang Alvin, Joshi, Prajakta, Goldstein, Lee E., Au, Rhoda, Katz, Douglas I., Dwyer, Brigid, Daneshvar, Daniel H., Nowinski, Christopher, Cantu, Robert C., Kowall, Neil W., Huber, Bertrand Russell, Alvarez, Victor E., Stern, Robert A., Stein, Thor D., Killiany, Ronald J., McKee, Ann C., and Mez, Jesse

Published
2021
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13. Characterizing tau deposition in chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE): utility of the McKee CTE staging scheme

Author

Alosco, Michael L., Cherry, Jonathan D., Huber, Bertrand Russell, Tripodis, Yorghos, Baucom, Zachary, Kowall, Neil W., Saltiel, Nicole, Goldstein, Lee E., Katz, Douglas I., Dwyer, Brigid, Daneshvar, Daniel H., Palmisano, Joseph N., Martin, Brett, Cantu, Robert C., Stern, Robert A., Alvarez, Victor E., Mez, Jesse, Stein, Thor D., and McKee, Ann C.

Published
2020
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16. Relative Contributions of Mixed Pathologies to Cognitive and Functional Symptoms in Brain Donors Exposed to Repetitive Head Impacts.

Author

Saltiel, Nicole, Tripodis, Yorghos, Menzin, Talia, Olaniyan, Aliyah, Baucom, Zach, Yhang, Eukyung, Palmisano, Joseph N., Martin, Brett, Uretsky, Madeline, Nair, Evan, Abdolmohammadi, Bobak, Shah, Arsal, Nicks, Raymond, Nowinski, Christopher, Cantu, Robert C., Daneshvar, Daniel H., Dwyer, Brigid, Katz, Douglas I., Stern, Robert A., and Alvarez, Victor E.

Subjects
HEAD injuries, CHRONIC traumatic encephalopathy, CEREBRAL amyloid angiopathy, HIPPOCAMPAL sclerosis, SYMPTOMS, ALZHEIMER'S disease
Abstract

Objective: Exposure to repetitive head impacts (RHI) is associated with later‐life cognitive symptoms and neuropathologies, including chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE). Cognitive decline in community cohorts is often due to multiple pathologies; however, the frequency and contributions of these pathologies to cognitive impairment in people exposed to RHI are unknown. Here, we examined the relative contributions of 13 neuropathologies to cognitive symptoms and dementia in RHI‐exposed brain donors. Methods: Neuropathologists examined brain tissue from 571 RHI‐exposed donors and assessed for the presence of 13 neuropathologies, including CTE, Alzheimer disease (AD), Lewy body disease (LBD), and transactive response DNA‐binding protein 43 (TDP‐43) inclusions. Cognitive status was assessed by presence of dementia, Functional Activities Questionnaire, and Cognitive Difficulties Scale. Spearman rho was calculated to assess intercorrelation of pathologies. Additionally, frequencies of pathological co‐occurrence were compared to a simulated distribution assuming no intercorrelation. Logistic and linear regressions tested associations between neuropathologies and dementia status and cognitive scale scores. Results: The sample age range was 18–97 years (median = 65.0, interquartile range = 46.0–76.0). Of the donors, 77.2% had at least one moderate–severe neurodegenerative or cerebrovascular pathology. Stage III–IV CTE was the most common neurodegenerative disease (43.1%), followed by TDP‐43 pathology, AD, and hippocampal sclerosis. Neuropathologies were intercorrelated, and there were fewer unique combinations than expected if pathologies were independent (p < 0.001). The greatest contributors to dementia were AD, neocortical LBD, hippocampal sclerosis, cerebral amyloid angiopathy, and CTE. Interpretation: In this sample of RHI‐exposed brain donors with wide‐ranging ages, multiple neuropathologies were common and correlated. Mixed neuropathologies, including CTE, underlie cognitive impairment in contact sport athletes. ANN NEUROL 2024;95:314–324 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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17. Cerebrospinal fluid tau, Aβ, and sTREM2 in Former National Football League Players: Modeling the relationship between repetitive head impacts, microglial activation, and neurodegeneration

Author

Alosco, Michael L., Tripodis, Yorghos, Fritts, Nathan G., Heslegrave, Amanda, Baugh, Christine M., Conneely, Shannon, Mariani, Megan, Martin, Brett M., Frank, Samuel, Mez, Jesse, Stein, Thor D., Cantu, Robert C., McKee, Ann C., Shaw, Leslie M., Trojanowski, John Q., Blennow, Kaj, Zetterberg, Henrik, and Stern, Robert A.

Published
2018
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18. White matter signal abnormalities in former National Football League players

Author

Alosco, Michael L., Koerte, Inga K., Tripodis, Yorghos, Mariani, Megan, Chua, Alicia S., Jarnagin, Johnny, Rahimpour, Yashar, Puzo, Christian, Healy, Rose C., Martin, Brett, Chaisson, Christine E., Cantu, Robert C., Au, Rhoda, McClean, Michael, McKee, Ann C., Lin, Alexander P., Shenton, Martha E., Killiany, Ronald J., and Stern, Robert A.

Published
2018
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20. Contact sport participation and chronic traumatic encephalopathy are associated with altered severity and distribution of cerebral amyloid angiopathy

Author

Standring, Oliver J., Friedberg, Jacob, Tripodis, Yorghos, Chua, Alicia S., Cherry, Jonathan D., Alvarez, Victor E., Huber, Bertrand R., Xia, Weiming, Mez, Jesse, Alosco, Michael L., Nicks, Raymond, Mahar, Ian, Pothast, Morgan J., Gardner, Hannah M., Meng, Gaoyuan, Palmisano, Joseph N., Martin, Brett M., Dwyer, Brigid, Kowall, Neil W., Cantu, Robert C., Goldstein, Lee E., Katz, Douglas I., Stern, Robert A., McKee, Ann C., and Stein, Thor D.

Published
2019
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24. Association of Vascular Risk Factors and CSF and Imaging Biomarkers With White Matter Hyperintensities in Former American Football Players.

Author

Ly, Monica T., Tuz-Zahra, Fatima, Tripodis, Yorghos, Adler, Charles H., Balcer, Laura J., Bernick, Charles, Zetterberg, Henrik, Blennow, Kaj, Peskind, Elaine R., Au, Rhoda, Banks, Sarah J., Barr, William B., Wethe, Jennifer V., Bondi, Mark W., Delano-Wood, Lisa M., Cantu, Robert C., Coleman, Michael J., Dodick, David W., McClean, Michael D., and Mez, Jesse B.

Published
2024
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25. Neuropathologic and Clinical Findings in Young Contact Sport Athletes Exposed to Repetitive Head Impacts.

Author

McKee, Ann C., Mez, Jesse, Abdolmohammadi, Bobak, Butler, Morgane, Huber, Bertrand Russell, Uretsky, Madeline, Babcock, Katharine, Cherry, Jonathan D., Alvarez, Victor E., Martin, Brett, Tripodis, Yorghos, Palmisano, Joseph N., Cormier, Kerry A., Kubilus, Caroline A., Nicks, Raymond, Kirsch, Daniel, Mahar, Ian, McHale, Lisa, Nowinski, Christopher, and Cantu, Robert C.

Published
2023
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26. Variation in TMEM106B in chronic traumatic encephalopathy

Author

Cherry, Jonathan D., Mez, Jesse, Crary, John F., Tripodis, Yorghos, Alvarez, Victor E., Mahar, Ian, Huber, Bertrand R., Alosco, Michael L., Nicks, Raymond, Abdolmohammadi, Bobak, Kiernan, Patrick T., Evers, Laney, Svirsky, Sarah, Babcock, Katharine, Gardner, Hannah M., Meng, Gaoyuan, Nowinski, Christopher J., Martin, Brett M., Dwyer, Brigid, Kowall, Neil W., Cantu, Robert C., Goldstein, Lee E., Katz, Douglas I., Stern, Robert A., Farrer, Lindsay A., McKee, Ann C., and Stein, Thor D.

Published
2018
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28. Examining later-in-life health risks associated with sport-related concussion and repetitive head impacts: a systematic review of case-control and cohort studies.

Author

Iverson, Grant L., Castellani, Rudolph J., Cassidy, J. David, Schneider, Geoff M., Schneider, Kathryn J., Echemendia, Ruben J., Bailes, Julian E., Hayden, K. Alix, Koerte, Inga K., Manley, Geoffrey T., McNamee, Michael, Patricios, Jon S., Tator, Charles H., Cantu, Robert C., and Dvorak, Jiri

Subjects
CHRONIC traumatic encephalopathy, BRAIN concussion, HEAD injuries, VETERANS, SPORTS participation, SPORTS medicine, SCHOOL sports
Published
2023
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29. When should an athlete retire or discontinue participating in contact or collision sports following sport-related concussion? A systematic review.

Author

Makdissi, Michael, Critchley, Meghan L., Cantu, Robert C., Caron, Jeffrey G., Davis, Gavin A., Echemendia, Ruben J., Fremont, Pierre, Hayden, K. Alix, Herring, Stanley A., Hinds, Sidney R., Jordan, Barry, Kemp, Simon, McNamee, Michael, Maddocks, David, Nagahiro, Shinji, Patricios, Jon, Putukian, Margot, Turner, Michael, Sick, Stacy, and Schneider, Kathryn J.

Subjects
BRAIN concussion, POSTCONCUSSION syndrome, CONTACT sports, SPORTS psychology, SLEEP interruptions, HIGH school football players
Published
2023
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30. Amsterdam 2022 process: A summary of the methodology for the Amsterdam International Consensus on Concussion in Sport.

Author

Schneider, Kathryn J., Patricios, Jon S., Meeuwisse, Willem, Schneider, Geoff M., Hayden, K. Alix, Premji, Zahra, Ahmed, Osman Hassan, Blauwet, Cheri, Broglio, Steven, Cantu, Robert C., Davis, Gavin A., Dvorak, Jiri, Echemendia, Ruben J., Emery, Carolyn A., Iverson, Grant L., Leddy, John J., Makdissi, Michael, McCrea, Michael, McNamee, Michael, and Putukian, Margot

Subjects
BRAIN concussion, CHRONIC traumatic encephalopathy, SPORTS medicine, SPORTS participation, SPORTS physicians, COVID-19 pandemic, RUGBY Union football
Published
2023
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31. Consensus statement on concussion in sport: the 6th International Conference on Concussion in Sport– Amsterdam, October 2022.

Author

Patricios, Jon S., Schneider, Kathryn J., Dvorak, Jiri, Ahmed, Osman Hassan, Blauwet, Cheri, Cantu, Robert C., Davis, Gavin A., Echemendia, Ruben J., Makdissi, Michael, McNamee, Michael, Broglio, Steven, Emery, Carolyn A., Feddermann-Demont, Nina, Fuller, Gordon Ward, Giza, Christopher C., Guskiewicz, Kevin M., Hainline, Brian, Iverson, Grant L., Kutcher, Jeffrey S., and Leddy, John J.

Subjects
BRAIN concussion, ORTHOSTATIC intolerance, CENTRAL nervous system injuries, CONFERENCES & conventions, POSTURAL orthostatic tachycardia syndrome, SPORTS medicine, LEG injuries
Published
2023
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33. Consensus Statement on Concussion in Sport—The 4th International Conference on Concussion in Sport Held in Zurich, November 2012

Author

McCrory, Paul, Meeuwisse, Willem H., Aubry, Mark, Cantu, Robert C., Dvor̆ák, Jir̆í, Echemendia, Ruben J., Engebretsen, Lars, Johnston, Karen M., Kutcher, Jeffrey S., Raftery, Martin, Sills, Allen, Benson, Brian W., Davis, Gavin A., Ellenbogen, Richard, Guskiewicz, Kevin M., Herring, Stanley A., Iverson, Grant L., Jordan, Barry D., Kissick, James, McCrea, Michael, McIntosh, Andrew S., Maddocks, David L., Makdissi, Michael, Purcell, Laura, Putukian, Margot, Schneider, Kathryn, Tator, Charles H., and Turner, Michael

Published
2013
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35. White matter hyperintensities in former American football players.

Author

Alosco, Michael L., Tripodis, Yorghos, Baucom, Zachary H., Adler, Charles H., Balcer, Laura J., Bernick, Charles, Mariani, Megan L., Au, Rhoda, Banks, Sarah J., Barr, William B., Wethe, Jennifer V., Cantu, Robert C., Coleman, Michael J., Dodick, David W., McClean, Michael D., McKee, Ann C., Mez, Jesse, Palmisano, Joseph N., Martin, Brett, and Hartlage, Kaitlin

Abstract

Introduction: The presentation, risk factors, and etiologies of white matter hyperintensities (WMH) in people exposed to repetitive head impacts are unknown. We examined the burden and distribution of WMH, and their association with years of play, age of first exposure, and clinical function in former American football players. Methods: A total of 149 former football players and 53 asymptomatic unexposed participants (all men, 45–74 years) completed fluid‐attenuated inversion recovery magnetic resonance imaging, neuropsychological testing, and self‐report neuropsychiatric measures. Lesion Segmentation Toolbox estimated WMH. Analyses were performed in the total sample and stratified by age 60. Results: In older but not younger participants, former football players had greater total, frontal, temporal, and parietal log‐WMH compared to asymptomatic unexposed men. In older but not younger former football players, greater log‐WMH was associated with younger age of first exposure to football and worse executive function. Discussion: In older former football players, WMH may have unique presentations, risk factors, and etiologies. Highlights: Older but not younger former football players had greater total, frontal, temporal, and parietal lobe white matter hyperintensities (WMH) compared to same‐age asymptomatic unexposed men.Younger age of first exposure to football was associated with greater WMH in older but not younger former American football players.In former football players, greater WMH was associated with worse executive function and verbal memory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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37. Beta-amyloid deposition in chronic traumatic encephalopathy

Author

Stein, Thor D., Montenigro, Philip H., Alvarez, Victor E., Xia, Weiming, Crary, John F., Tripodis, Yorghos, Daneshvar, Daniel H., Mez, Jesse, Solomon, Todd, Meng, Gaoyuan, Kubilus, Caroline A., Cormier, Kerry A., Meng, Steven, Babcock, Katharine, Kiernan, Patrick, Murphy, Lauren, Nowinski, Christopher J., Martin, Brett, Dixon, Diane, Stern, Robert A., Cantu, Robert C., Kowall, Neil W., and McKee, Ann C.

Published
2015
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38. Fatalities and Catastrophic Injuries in High School and College Sports, 1982-1997.

Author

Cantu, Robert C. and Mueller, Frederick O.

Abstract

Data from the National Center for Sports Injury show that changes in rules and equipment have made interscholastic sports safer in recent decades, but the record for 1982-1997 shows that there is still room for improvement. The paper presents sport-specific considerations and examines several general safety recommendations that should be followed. (SM)

Published
1999

50. Applying the Bradford Hill Criteria for Causation to Repetitive Head Impacts and Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy.

Author

Nowinski, Christopher J., Bureau, Samantha C., Buckland, Michael E., Curtis, Maurice A., Daneshvar, Daniel H., Faull, Richard L. M., Grinberg, Lea T., Hill-Yardin, Elisa L., Murray, Helen C., Pearce, Alan J., Suter, Catherine M., White, Adam J., Finkel, Adam M., and Cantu, Robert C.

Subjects
CHRONIC traumatic encephalopathy, HEAD injuries, SPORTS participation, HOCKEY, MEDICAL literature
Abstract

Chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) is a neurodegenerative disease associated with a history of repetitive head impacts (RHI). CTE was described in boxers as early as the 1920s and by the 1950s it was widely accepted that hits to the head caused some boxers to become "punch drunk." However, the recent discovery of CTE in American and Australian-rules football, soccer, rugby, ice hockey, and other sports has resulted in renewed debate on whether the relationship between RHI and CTE is causal. Identifying the strength of the evidential relationship between CTE and RHI has implications for public health and medico-legal issues. From a public health perspective, environmentally caused diseases can be mitigated or prevented. Medico-legally, millions of children are exposed to RHI through sports participation; this demographic is too young to legally consent to any potential long-term risks associated with this exposure. To better understand the strength of evidence underlying the possible causal relationship between RHI and CTE, we examined the medical literature through the Bradford Hill criteria for causation. The Bradford Hill criteria, first proposed in 1965 by Sir Austin Bradford Hill, provide a framework to determine if one can justifiably move from an observed association to a verdict of causation. The Bradford Hill criteria include nine viewpoints by which to evaluate human epidemiologic evidence to determine if causation can be deduced: strength, consistency, specificity, temporality, biological gradient, plausibility, coherence, experiment, and analogy. We explored the question of causation by evaluating studies on CTE as it relates to RHI exposure. Through this lens, we found convincing evidence of a causal relationship between RHI and CTE, as well as an absence of evidence-based alternative explanations. By organizing the CTE literature through this framework, we hope to advance the global conversation on CTE mitigation efforts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2022
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