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Obesity causes metabolic changes, such as the development of cardiovascular diseases. Moreover, physical exercise promotes protection against these diseases. Thus, the objective of the present study was to evaluate whether combined physical training can improve the metabolic system of women with obesity, reducing plasma concentrations of trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) and sphingolipids, regardless of weight loss. Fourteen obese women (BMI 30–40 kg/m2), aged 20–40 years, sedentary, were submitted to 8 weeks of combined physical training (strength and aerobic exercises). The training was performed three times/week, 55 min/session, at 75–90% maximum heart rate. All participants were evaluated pre- and post-exercise intervention, and their body composition, plasma TMAO, creatinine, lipid profile, and sphingolipid concentrations were recorded. Maximum oxygen consumption (VO2max), Speed lactate threshold 1 (SpeedLT1), and Speed lactate threshold 2 (SpeedLT2) evaluated physical performance. Results: After combined exercise, it did not change body composition, but TMAO, total cholesterol, and sphingolipid concentrations significantly decreased (p < 0.05). There was an increase in physical performance by improving VO2max, SpeedLT1, and SpeedLT2 (p < 0.05). The combined physical exercise could induce cardiovascular risk protection by decreasing TMAO in obese women, parallel to physical performance improvement, independent of weight loss.

IntroductionThe variation in bacterial communities among breeds has been previously reported and may be one of the reasons why Holstein × Gyr dairy heifers have better development in grazing systems in tropical conditions. This study aimed to explore the ruminal microbiota composition, the IL-1β gene variation, tick incidence, and blood parameters of Holstein × Gyr (½ Holstein × ½ Gyr) and Holstein heifers grazing intensely managed Guinea grass (Panicum maximum Jacq. cv. Mombaça).MethodsSixteen heifers were divided into two groups consisting of 8 Holstein × Gyr and 8 Holstein heifers. The experimental period was comprised of 3 periods of 21 days. Ruminal samples were taken via the stomach tube technique. The sequencing of the V4 hypervariable region of the 16S rRNA gene was performed using the Illumina MiSeq platform. Counting and collection of ticks were conducted each 21 days. Blood and skeletal muscle tissue biopsies were performed at the end of the experiment.ResultsFirmicutes were the most abundant phyla present in both breed rumen samples and Bacteroidota showed differences in relative abundance between breed groups, with greater values for Holstein heifers (p

Abstract This study aimed to determine the changes of lipidome in obese women undergoing combined physical exercise training. Fourteen adult women with obesity (mean BMI and age, 33 kg/m2 and 34 ± 5 years), were submitted to combined physical training (aerobic and strength exercises, alternately, 55 min at 75–90% of the maximum heart rate, 3 times a week) for 8 weeks. All participants were evaluated before and after the training intervention for lipidome, anthropometric measurements, muscle strength, and maximum oxygen consumption (VO2max). Untargeted liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry analyses allowed the identification of 1252 variables, of which 160 were significant (p

ABSTRACT Given the gap in the literature regarding the peak of oxygen consumption (VO2peak) for adolescents of both sexes, this study aimed to propose an equation to predict the VO2peak in healthy adolescents using the Modified Shuttle Test (MST). This is a cross-sectional study with 84 healthy adolescents between 12 and 18 years old, female and male. The MST is an external paced test, in which the speed increases at each minute. Two MST were performed with at least 30 minutes of rest between them. The test with the longest walked distance was considered for analysis. VO2 was directly monitored by an open circuit spirometry. Mean age was 14.67±1.82 and the walked distance was 864.86±263.48m. Variables included in the prediction equation were walked distance and sex, explaining the VO2peak variability of 53% during MST performance. The prediction equation for VO2peak with the MST was: predicted VO2peak=18.274+(0.18×Distance Walked, meters)+(7.733×Sex); R2=0.53 and p

Our objectives were to evaluate the use of cottonseed cake in replacing corn silage in a diet without forage and to identify the model with higher precision and accuracy of adjustment of parameters of ruminal degradation kinetics. A diet containing corn silage and another with cottonseed cake as a fiber source were formulated. Gompertz, Dual-pool Logistic, Brody, and Ørskov models were evaluated for goodness of fit to gas production. There were significant differences in dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) in the in vitro digestibility for diets and fiber sources. The estimated values of the Gompertz (6.77), Brody (6.72), and Ørskov (6.73) models were similar to the observed mean of gas production in the corn silage diet (6.73 mL/100 mg DM). Similarly, the estimated values of the Brody (5.87) and Ørskov (5.89) models were similar to the observed mean of gas production in the cottonseed cake diet (5.87 mL/100 mg DM). The roughage-free diet containing cottonseed cake as a fiber source stimulated higher gas production. Brody and Ørskov models presented higher precision and accuracy in the fitting of kinetics of degradation independent of the fiber source in the diet.

Background and Aim: Obesity is a multifactorial disease that can lead to nutritional metabolic disorders, in which the general state of trace elements and minerals are altered. Thus, research involving biological fluids to assess the metabolic nutritional status of minerals Manganese (Mn); Selenium (Se); Strontium (Sr); Zinc (Zn); Molybdenum (Mo); Copper (Cu); Iron (Fe); Calcium (Ca); Magnesium (Mg) and Chromium (Cr) are essential in people with obesity. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the concentrations of these trace elements and minerals in different biological fluids (plasma, erythrocytes, saliva, urine and tear) from people with and without obesity. Methods: The experimental sample consisted of 28 volunteers divided into two groups: Obesity Group (OG, n = 14) and Non-Obese (NO, n = 14), who were clinically evaluated by anthropometry, body composition and biochemical tests. Minerals were assessed in different biological fluids (plasma, erythrocyte, saliva, urine and tear) using the ICP-MS methodology. A significance level of 5% (p < 0.05) was considered. Data were shown as mean ± standard deviation. Results: Anthropometric evaluation, body composition and LDL-cholesterol were significantly higher in the OG (p < 0.05), as expected. Plasma minerals were significantly lower in OG than the NO (Se = 184±102 vs 229±83 µg/L (p= = 0.027); Fe= 578±346 vs 1099±529 µg/L (p = 0.005), respectively). Erythrocyte and salivary minerals were significantly higher in, in OG than the NO, (erythrocyte Mg = 5.8 ± 0.8 vs 5.0 ± 0.7 mg/dL (p = 0.041) and salivary Ca = 2.7 ± 0.9 vs 1.8 ± 1.0 mg/dL (p = 0.027), respectively). Furthermore, urine minerals were significantly lower in OG than the NO, (Se = 17.4 ± 5.6 vs 26.0 ± 12.7 µg/L (p = 0.034) and Mo = 27.0 ± 14.3 vs 52±39.2 µg/L (p = 0.041), respectively). Regarding tears, there was no difference between groups (p > 0.05). Conclusion: Our study provides a better understanding of minerals concentrations in different biological fluids in people with obesity. Besides, this study may contribute to future identification of potential minerals biomarkers. However, considering our study's major limitation was its small sample size, caution should be taken when interpreting the results.

Clitoria guianensis and Ouratea spectabilis, found in the Brazilian Cerrado, are used in folk medicine, despite the few chemical and biological studies reported in the literature. The present study aims to investigate the toxicity and effect of extracts from both species on the microcrustacean Artemia salina, and to determine the chemical composition of the hexane extract of O. spectabilis leaves and the EtOAc fraction of C. guianensis leaves. Kaempferitrin, a flavonoid isolated from of the EtOAc fraction of C. guianensis leaves, was identified by chemical analysis. Analysis of the hexane extract of O. spectabilis leaves using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) suggested the presence of twenty-five known substances. The Hex, EtOAc, and EtOH crude extracts of C. guianensis leaves exhibited high and moderate toxicity against Artemia salina, with median lethal dose values (LD50) of 43.7, 25.4, and 233.4 mg.L−1, respectively. The acetone extract of O. spectabilis leaves showed moderate toxicity against Artemia salina with an LD50 value of 115.13 mg.L−1.

Background: No studies have been conducted evaluating sugarcane silage associated with both Lactobacillus plantarum and Pediococcus pentosaceus for lactating dairy cows. Objective: To evaluate diets containing different roughages with and without microbial inoculants on intake, digestibility and milk yield of medium-producing cows. Methods: A total of 15 Holstein cows distributed into a randomized block design were used. Dietary treatments were: 1) a corn silage-based diet (CS), 2) a fresh sugarcane-based diet (SC), 3) a sugarcane silage ensiled without inoculant (SS), 4) sugarcane silage ensiled with Lactobacillus buchneri (SSLB), and 5) sugarcane silage ensiled with Lactobacillus plantarum and Pediococcus pentosaceus (SSLP). Results: Digestible organic matter intake (DOMI) was lower (p

ABSTRACT We aimed to evaluate the effects of the addition of oregano (Origanum vulgare) or green tea (Camellia sinensis L.) extracts (separately and associated) on feed intake, milk production, and hematological and antioxidant profiles of dairy cows. For that purpose, 16 Holstein and 16 Holstein-Gyr cows with 526.3±10.2 kg and within the first third of lactation were distributed according to a complete block design with measurements repeated in time. Treatments were control (CON), addition of 0.056% of oregano extract (OR), addition of 0.028% of green tea extract (GT), addition of a mixture of OR and GT extract (0.056% each) in the diet (MIX). Hematological and antioxidant profiles were monitored. Data were subjected to ANOVA, with block, treatment, days, and their interactions considered as fixed effects and animal and the residue as random effects. In Holstein cows, GT increased feed intake and milk yield compared with CON; in Holstein-Gyr crossbred cows, OR showed increased intake and GT increased milk yield compared with CON. Compared with CON, GT and OR decreased eosinophils concentration; OR showed the highest neutrophils concentration and neutrophils to leukocyte ratio. Compared with CON, OR presented increased catalase (CAT) activity, while GT increased the reduced glutathione concentration. The MIX treatment reduced CAT activity compared with OR, presented the lowest concentration of oxidized dichlorofluorescein in the erythrocytes (DCFER) and plasma (DCFPLA), and increased eosinophils concentration compared with GT and OR. Extracts differently affected feed intake and milk yield depending on genetic group. Feeding green tea and oregano extracts separately or associated distinctly affects the antioxidant indicators of lactating dairy cows.

BackgroundPre-diabetes precedes Diabetes Mellitus (DM) disease and is a critical period for hyperglycemia treatment, especially for menopausal women, considering all metabolic alterations due to hormonal changes. Recently, the literature has demonstrated the role of physical exercise in epigenetic reprogramming to modulate the gene expression patterns of metabolic conditions, such as hyperglycemia, and prevent DM development. In the present study, we hypothesized that physical exercise training could modify the epigenetic patterns of women with poor glycemic control.Methods48 post-menopause women aged 60.3 ± 4.5 years were divided according to their fasting blood glucose levels into two groups: Prediabetes Group, PG (n=24), and Normal Glucose Group, NGG (n=24). All participants performed 14 weeks of physical exercise three times a week. The Infinium Methylation EPIC BeadChip measured the participants’ Different Methylated Regions (DMRs).ResultsBefore the intervention, the PG group had 12 DMRs compared to NGG. After the intervention, five DMRs remained different. Interestingly, when comparing the PG group before and after training, 118 DMRs were found. The enrichment analysis revealed that the genes were related to different biological functions such as energy metabolism, cell differentiation, and tumor suppression.ConclusionPhysical exercise is a relevant alternative in treating hyperglycemia and preventing DM in post-menopause women with poor glycemic control.

RESUMO Um bom desempenho musical exige dos cantores alta habilidade do sistema respiratório, uma vez que, durante o canto, a musculatura respiratória produz o aumento e diminuição da caixa torácica. O objetivo deste estudo foi verificar e comparar a força muscular respiratória de indivíduos adultos cantores de coral e não cantores. Trata-se de uma pesquisa transversal, composta por indivíduos com idade entre 18 a 45 anos, de ambos os sexos, sedentários e não tabagistas, distribuídos entre dois grupos: indivíduos cantores de coral (GC; n=23) e indivíduos não cantores (GNC; n=23). Os grupos foram avaliados quanto à força muscular inspiratória (pressão inspiratória máxima - PImáx.) e expiratória (pressão expiratória máxima - PEmáx.) por meio da manovacuometria. Indivíduos do GC apresentaram valores maiores da PImáx. (p=0,049) e PEmáx. (p

Esse artigo apresenta vivências e reflexões sobre os estágios na área de matemática, desenvolvidos por duas estudantes da 7ª fase do Curso de Licenciatura em Educação do Campo da Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina nas disciplinas de Estágio Supervisionado I e II. Os estágios foram realizados nos anos finais do Ensino Fundamental em uma turma de 9º ano em uma escola do campo situada no interior do município de Alfredo Wagner – SC, durante o ano de 2019. A princípio, apresentamos brevemente o modo de ser e acontecer da Licenciatura em Educação do Campo na UFSC. Em seguida, apresentamos a escola onde vivenciamos e praticamos os Estágios. E, por fim, apresentamos a descrição de algumas ações realizadas durante o estágio de matemática, a fim de refletir sobre uma proposta metodológica e um modo de praticar os estágios, tomando as vivências dos estudantes como lugar de reflexão. Concluímos que os estágios compõe parte essencial da prática docente, interagindo com o cotidiano e a cultura escolar.

INTRODUÇÃO: Embora haja estudos sobre a temática das aulas de Educação Física e Transtorno do Espectro Autista (TEA), o processo de inclusão e a sua concepção segundo aqueles que estão diretamente envolvidos na realidade da criança com TEA, por vezes, parece distante. OBJETIVO: O objetivo da pesquisa é verificar qual a importância das aulas de Educação Física para crianças com TEA a partir da percepção dos seus pais/responsáveis. MÉTODOS: Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa de caráter descritivo. Participaram da pesquisa respondendo a um questionário por meio do Google Forms nove pais/responsáveis por crianças com TEA. Os dados coletados foram analisados de forma qualitativa. RESULTADOS: Verificou-se que as aulas de Educação Física para crianças com TEA são relevantes para o desenvolvimento motor, cognitivo e social, porém, há desafios na consecução do ensino, sendo eles: a qualificação dos profissionais; características individuais das crianças com TEA; e, inclusão social. Manifestou-se que as aulas atuam/ajudam diretamente na interação com outras crianças, no equilíbrio, trabalho em equipe e proporcionam sentimento de felicidade. CONCLUSÃO: As aulas de Educação Física possibilitam o desenvolvimento da criança com TEA. Esse processo é composto por subjetividades que dependem daqueles que a percebem e do envolvimento da criança consigo, com o meio e com os outros.

As corridas de rua passaram por uma série de reformulações até chegarem ao modo como são desenvolvidas nos dias de hoje. Diante disso, tem-se como objetivo refletir sobre o desenvolvimento das primeiras maratonas no Brasil. Para tal, realizou-se uma pesquisa qualitativa de caráter bibliográfico e documental. Nesse conjunto, adotaram-se como fontes jornais, revistas e um conjunto de referenciais teóricos que fundamentam a discussão desejada.

Research on the use of heart of palm by-product (HPB) as a feed for dairy cattle is needed since it is a low-cost alternative in addition avoiding environmental contamination. The objective of this study was to evaluate intake, digestibility, milk yield and composition from cows fed HPB. Sixteen Holstein cows were used. Treatments consisted of fresh sugarcane replacement (dry matter basis – DM) of HPB at levels 0%, 7.5%, 15% and 22.5%. Experimental design was randomized blocks with measures repeated in time, and data were compared by linear, quadratic and cubic contrasts. A decreasing linear effect of HPB was observed on DM, organic matter (OM), crude protein and non-fibrous carbohydrates intakes and on digestibility of DM and neutral detergent fibre. A quadratic effect was observed for metabolizable energy intake and OM digestibility. Milk yield and composition were not affected by levels of HPB added to the diet. A cubic effect was detected for fat-corrected milk (FCM) and energy-corrected milk (ECM). HPB is detrimental to intake and digestibility, but the 7.5% replacement level of HPB is recommended depending on the milk production level, since rumen environment was improved, leading to greater FCM and ECM yields at lower production costs.

Tem-se como objetivo analisar a percepção dos professores das Escolas Públicas Municipais de Brusque (SC) sobre a forma de avaliação utilizada com os alunos dos 1os anos do Ensino Fundamental tendo em vista o que é preconizado na BNCC e nas Diretrizes Municipais de Brusque. Para tal, foi realizada uma pesquisa qualitativa de caráter exploratória. Entrevistaram-se professoras que atuam com turmas dos 1os anos do ensino fundamental de três escolas Municipais de Brusque. Para as professoras parece bem evidente que o processo de avaliação ocorre diariamente. Apesar de não realizarem provas, o processo de avaliação nos 1os anos ainda parece traduzir-se em nota. Observou-se que a nota necessita, obrigatoriamente, estar registrada no sistema, instigando uma reflexão sobre os sistemas educacionais. A nota não define a aprendizagem do estudante, pois ela, a aprendizagem, é contínua, ocorrendo em todos os momentos e em todas as atividades realizadas.

Resumo: É comum visualizarmos no esporte e, mais especificamente, no caso de competições de corrida de rua atletas de outras nacionalidades competindo por equipes brasileiras, fato este que se materializa na Maratona de São Paulo. Observa-se a participação de atletas que migram momentaneamente para disputá-la e a influenciam. No Brasil, a Maratona de São Paulo é a competição oficial de maratona de maior periodicidade, ocorrendo anualmente desde 1995. Diante disso, objetiva-se identificar a origem dos atletas campeões da Maratona de São Paulo no período de 1995 - 2017 e as equipes/clubes que representam no Brasil tendo em vista o fluxo migratório de atletas observado. Para tal, utilizou-se de fontes de dados primários e secundários, coletados por meio de documentos, bibliografias e outros meios de divulgação. Nesse conjunto, adotamos como fontes jornais, revistas, sites e um conjunto de referenciais teóricos que fundamentam a discussão desejada. Assim como internacionalmente, os atletas africanos consolidaram ao longo do tempo uma hegemonia na competição, aparecendo como principais protagonistas, permitindo interação e aumento da competitividade, o que não quer dizer que não há a presença de atletas de outras nacionalidades no evento. Esse movimento de atletas africanos é impulsionado, atualmente, por intercâmbios possibilitados especificamente por duas equipes/clubes nacionais Coquinho e Luasa Sports. Resumen: Es común ver en el deporte y, más específicamente, en el caso de competiciones de carrera de calle atletas de otras nacionalidades compitiendo por equipos brasileños, hecho que se materializa en la Maratón de São Paulo. Se observa la participación de atletas que migran momentáneamente para disputarla y la influencian. En Brasil, la Maratón de São Paulo es la competencia oficial de maratón de mayor periodicidad, ocurriendo anualmente desde 1995. Frente a ello, se objetiva identificar el origen de los atletas campeones de la Maratón de São Paulo en el período 1995 - 2017 y los equipos / los clubes que representan en Brasil teniendo en cuenta el flujo migratorio de atletas observado. Para ello, se utilizó de fuentes de datos primarios y secundarios, recogidos por medio de documentos, bibliografías y otros medios de divulgación. En ese conjunto, adoptamos como fuentes diarias, revistas, sitios y un conjunto de referencias teóricas, que fundamentan la discusión deseada. Así como internacionalmente, los atletas africanos consolidaron a lo largo del tiempo una hegemonía en la competición, apareciendo como principales protagonistas, permitiendo interacción y aumento de la competitividad, lo que no quiere decir que no hay la presencia de atletas de otras nacionalidades en el evento. Este movimiento de atletas africanos es impulsado, actualmente, por intercambios posibilitados específicamente por dos equipos / clubes nacionales Coquinho y Luasa Sports. Abstract: It is common to see athletes of other nationalities competing for Brazilian teams in sport, and more specifically in the case of street racing competitions, which is materialized in the São Paulo Marathon. It is observed the participation of athletes who migrate momentarily to dispute it and influence it. In Brazil, the São Paulo Marathon is the official marathon competition with the highest frequency, occurring annually since 1995. In the light of this, the objective is to identify the origin of the athletes champions of the São Paulo Marathon in the period 1995 - 2017 and the teams / clubs that represent in Brazil in view of the migratory flow of athletes observed. For this purpose, primary and secondary data sources were used, collected through documents, bibliographies and other means of dissemination. In this set, we adopt as sources newspapers, magazines, websites and a set of theoretical references that base the desired discussion. As well as internationally, African athletes consolidated over time a hegemony in the competition, appearing as main protagonists, allowing interaction and increased competitiveness, which does not mean that there is no presence of athletes of other nationalities in the event. This movement of African athletes is currently driven by exchanges specifically made possible by two national teams Coquinho and Luasa Sports.

Objetivo: Verificar a associação entre a ocorrência de discrepâncias medicamentosas na admissão hospitalar e o tempo de internação em pacientes cirúrgicos em um hospital de ensino. Método: Trata-se de estudo de coorte retrospectivo, realizado com todos os pacientes internos na clínica cirúrgica no período compreendido entre os anos de 2014 a 2018. As discrepâncias foram avaliadas comparando os medicamentos da primeira prescrição médica em ambiente hospitalar e os medicamentos constantes na melhor história possível da medicação, document este constituinte do prontuário farmacêutico que detalha o uso dos medicamentos em domicílio na semana que antecede a internação. Essas informações foram obtidas através de entrevista estruturada com o paciente, aplicada por farmacêutico clínico nas primeiras 24h de entrada do paciente no hospital. Estes pacientes foram avaliados em dois grupos: (a) expostos a discrepâncias medicamentosas e (b) não expostos. As fontes de dados foram os prontuários farmacoterapêutico e eletrônico do paciente. O nível de significancia estatística foi estabelecido em p

A crise decorrente do processo de migração e refúgio não é novidade, sendo, há pouco, considerada a mais incipiente e urgente crise humanitária. Contudo, no final de 2019, o COVID-19, novo agente do coronavírus, causou uma pandemia. Para além da vulnerabilidade física à doença, existe também a vulnerabilidade social, identificada nos indivíduos que se encontram no contexto migratório, ou ainda inseridos no trabalho informal e precário. Assim, a fim de realizar uma interface comparativa entre o Brasil e Portugal, a partir de uma revisão bibliográfica, da utilização de dados secundários de pesquisas, bancos de informações e reportagens jornalísticas, através do método hipotético-dedutivo, pretende-se demonstrar que essa pandemia foi o instrumento pelo qual foi possível expor a já existente situação de desproteção ocasionada pela gradativa perda de direitos trabalhistas, bem como avaliar as medidas que ambos os países estão tomando como forma de salvaguardar os trabalhadores migrantes e informais.

Inadequate estimates of fiber and dry matter intake of sheep raised in tropical conditions may explain part of the inefficiency of those production systems. Therefore, we aimed to estimate dry matter intake (DMI) and neutral detergent fiber intake (NDFI) of hair sheep raised under tropical conditions. A meta-analysis of 61 independent performance experiments, comprising a total of 413 experimental units (treatment means or animals), was performed. Trials were conducted in tropical conditions, using hair sheep in growing and finishing phases and endowed with the following information: neutral detergent fiber (NDF) in diet, initial and final body weight (BW), average daily gain (ADG), DMI and NDFI of treatment means (51 studies) or individual data (10 studies). Data on organic matter and NDF digestibilities were collected to estimate D-value (Dv) and B-value (Bv) (20 and 33 studies, respectively). The equations obtained were: [Formula: see text] DMI (g/kg BW) as a function of Dv (g/kg DM) revealed a quadratic relationship, whose point of maximum DMI (38.69 g/kg BW) was obtained at 634.1 g/kg DM Dv. On the other hand, DMI decreased linearly as Bv (g/kg DM) increased. In conclusion, equations to predict DMI from BW and ADG as well to predict NDFI from dietary NDF were fitted with great accuracy and are recommended for hair sheep raised in tropical regions. DMI values were, in general, greater than those reported by the NRC, AFRC and INRA systems, which may be a reflection of the sheep breeds used in this study. Using Dv and Bv concepts was satisfactory to describe an integrated mechanism between metabolic and bulking regulation of DMI in sheep.

Este trabalho versa sobre a proteção do patrimônio cultural em âmbito internacional, particularmente sobre os fundamentos para tal proteção. A relevância da pesquisa se deve à importância que o tema vem ganhando na atualidade e o surgimento de um novo direito, o direito ao patrimônio cultural. O que se pretende é analisar quais são os fundamentos para a proteção do patrimônio cultural. Para tanto, será necessário distinguir os conceitos de cultura e natureza, estabelecer a relação do patrimônio cultural com os conceitos de ética, valor e norma e, a partir daí, demonstrar, nos documentos internacionais, a necessidade de se proteger o patrimônio cultural para toda a humanidade. Trata-se de pesquisa sob o raciocínio hipotético-dedutivo, tendo por referencial teórico a ideia da separação necessária entre o Direito Ambiental e o Direito do Patrimônio Cultural.

O diabetes melito é uma desordem metabólica de múltipla etiologia, que se caracteriza por hiperglicemia crônica decorrente de defeitos na secreção e/ou ação da insulina e captação reduzida de glicose nos tecidos periféricos, resultando em resistência à insulina. A partir disso, este artigo aborda aspectos fisiopatológicos do diabetes melito tipo 2 (DM2), tendo como objetivo elucidar as vias de sinalização da insulina no tecido muscular esquelético e como a captação de glicose pode ser prejudicada em um indivíduo resistente à insulina, apontando a prática de exercício físico como recurso não farmacológico e/ou terapia adjacente para a melhora da sensibilidade à insulina e captação de glicose no tecido muscular esquelético. Para tal, foi realizada uma pesquisa de revisão da literatura de materiais já publicados sobre o tema e uma análise qualitativa. A sinalização da proteína quinase ativada por adenosina monofosfato (AMPK), mediada pelo exercício físico pode otimizar a captação de glicose no músculo independente de insulina. Assim, o exercício físico serve como recurso não farmacológico e/ou terapia adjacente para restaurar a sensibilidade da via de sinalização receptor de insulina/substrato do receptor de insulina/fosfatidilinositol-3-quinase/Akt e aumento da atividade da proteína quinase ativada de AMP, para translocação e exocitose de transportadores de glicose tipo 4 (GLUT-4) independente de insulina.

Background: Osteoarthritis of the knee (kOA) is a chronic, progressive, degenerative health condition that contributes to the imbalance between the synthesis and destruction of articular cartilage. Recently, whole body vibration (WBV) training has been recommended as an effective alternative for strength training in elderly people, and various physiological effects are obtained in response to exercise performed on a vibratory platform, such as an increase in muscle activation and improved muscle performance. However, the effects of WBV particularly on the strength of the quadriceps muscle and neuronal plasticity are unknown.Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of adding WBV to squat training on the isometric quadriceps muscle strength (IQMS) and the plasma levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in elderly woman with kOA.Methods: Fifteen elderly women ≥65 years of age with kOA were randomized into two interventions: (1) the vibration group (VG), in which participants performed squat exercise training in association with WBV or (2) the exercise group (EG), in which participants performed squat exercise training without vibration, for 12 weeks 3×/week.Results: Compared to the EG group, the VG group demonstrated a significantly greater delta (Δ) in IQMS values (IC95% 0.43–7.06; p ≤ 0.05) and in Δ BDNF plasma levels (IC95% −32.51 to 4.217; p ≤ 0.05) after the intervention period. There was an association between increase of Δ BDNF plasma levels and increase of Δ IQMS (β = 0.57; R2 = 0.32; p = 0.03).Conclusion: The addition of WBV to squat exercise training improves lower limb muscle performance in elderly women with kOA. These findings suggest that the improvement in muscle performance is related to neuromuscular adaptations induced by WBV.Clinical Trial Registration: www.ClinicalTrials.gov, identifier NCT03918291.

IntroductionPreliminary studies have showed that the Incremental Shuttle Walking Test (ISWT) is a maximal test, however comparison between ISWT with the cardiopulmonary exercise test (CEPT) has not yet performed in the healthy woman population. Furthermore, there is no regression equation available in the current literature to predict oxygen peak consumption (VO2 peak). Thus, this study aimed to compare the ISWT with CEPT and to develop an equation to predict peak oxygen uptake (VO2 peak) in healthy women participants.MethodsFirst, the VO2 peak, respiratory exchange ratio (R peak), heart rate max (HR max) and percentage of predicted HR max (% predicted HR max) were evaluated in the CEPT and ISWT (n = 40). Then, an equation was developed to predict the VO2 peak (n = 54) and its validation was performed (n = 20).ResultsThere were no significant differences between the ISWT and CEPT of VO2 peak, HR max and % predicted HR max values (P>0.05), except for R peak measure in the ISWT (1.22 ± 0.13) and CEPT (1.18 ± 0.1) (P = 0.022). Therefore, both tests showed a moderate positive correlation of VO2 peak (r = 0.51; P = 0.0007), HR max (r = 0.65; PConclusionISWT is a maximal test showing similar results compared to the CEPT, and the predicted equation was valid and applicable for VO2 peak assessing in young adult healthy women.

This paper addresses the issues relating to the relationship between sport and territory in the state of Santa Catarina. The state of Santa Catarina is characterized by specialization and dispersion of productive activities in the territory. However, the dynamics of spacialization observed in the amateur sport has a logic of its own and distinct of territorialization from the professional sport, and does not accompany the productive spatial differentiation logic. From this, this study seeks to examine the specific features by which the amateur sport to expand in the territory of the state of Santa Catarina. To this end, was used the process of territorialization based on analysis of amateur sports competition with the greatest impact on the state of Santa Catarina, the Open Games of Santa Catarina.

This study aimed to evaluate the replacement of soybean meal by detoxified castor bean meal on the intake and digestibility of nutrients, body weight gain, carcass yield, physiological and urinary parameters, and creep-feeding method effectiveness. For this trial, 43 male lambs were used, Dorper × Santa Inês, with an average initial body weight of 7.95 kg, 15 days old. Lambs were distributed in a randomized block design. Five experimental diets were provided: Without supplementation, with supplementation but without the use of castor bean meal, and with gradual levels of replacement of soybean meal by detoxified castor bean meal (33%, 67%, and 100%). Higher values of DMI and nutrient digestibility (p < 0.05) were observed for animals that received supplements. The milk intake did not differ among the diets. The DMD showed a linear effect, while NDFD had a quadratic effect, depending on castor bean meal inclusion. The carcass yield did not differ between experimental diets. There was no significant effect on the urinary volume and metabolites investigated. In conclusion, the replacement of soybean meal by detoxified castor bean meal does not compromise animals’ development. Besides, the creep-feeding method positively affects lamb development, with higher body weight gain for supplemented animals.

Background and Objective: Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is characterized by progressive airflow limitation associated with an inflammatory response. The aim of the study was to evaluate the influence and the association of respiratory variables on exercise capacity in COPD patients. Methods: A cross-sectional study evaluated 39 COPD patients to obtain forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) and forced vital capacity (FVC). Respiratory muscle strength (RMS) was evaluated at its maximal inspiratory pressure (MIP) and maximal expiratory pressure (MEP) components. Exercise capacity was assessed by Six-Minute Walk Test (6MWT) and Incremental Shuttle Walking Test (ISWT). Results: FEV1 (39.8±15.3%predicted) and FVC (60.2±17.1%predicted) were reduced, which classified them in stages II (21%), III (51%) and IV (28%). MIP (92.7±14.6% predicted) and MEP (97.6±19.0% predicted) were within the expected values. A moderate correlation was observed between the ISWT vs FEV1 (r=0.35;p=0.02) and ISWT vs FVC (r=0.42;p

Neste estudo comparam-se os valores do limite de liquidez, LL, obtidos pelo método do Cone de Penetração, LLp, com os valores de LL obtidos pelos métodos de Casagrande, LLc, medidos, por diferentes operadores, em amostras de solos argilosos de alta e baixa plasticidade. O método do Cone de Penetração considerado segue a norma britânica (penetração de 20 mm). Os resultados experimentais mostram que as variações entre os dois métodos dependem da plasticidade e mineralogia do solo cohesivo ensaiado. Os resultados obtidos para argilas naturais, essencialmente constituídas de caulinitas, com valores de LLc entre 14% e 98%, indicam que LLp é geralmente maior 2,7 % que LLc. Entretanto, existe maior dispersão entre os valores de LLc e LLp medidos para as misturas de bentonita e areia fina, com valores de LLc > 100%, que apresentam LLc igual a aproximadamente 1,2 LLp.

INTRODUCTION:Inspiratory muscle function may be affected in patients with End-Stage Renal Disease (ESRD), further worsening the functional loss in these individuals. However, the impact of inspiratory muscle weakness (IMW) on the functional capacity (FC) of hemodialysis patients remains unknown. Thus, the present study aimed to evaluate the impact of IMW on FC in ESRD patients undergoing hemodialysis. MATERIALS AND METHODS:ESRD patients on hemodialysis treatment for more than six months were evaluated for inspiratory muscle strength and FC. Inspiratory muscle strength was evaluated based on maximal inspiratory pressure (MIP). IMW was defined as MIP values less than 70% of the predicted value. FC was evaluated using the Incremental Shuttle Walk test (ISWT). Patients whose predicted peak oxygen uptake (VO2peak) over the distance walked during the ISWT was less than 16mL/kg/min were considered to have FC impairment. Associations between variables were assessed by linear and logistic regression, with adjustment for age, sex, body mass index (BMI), presence of diabetes and hemoglobin level. Receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was used to determine different cutoff values of the MIP for normal inspiratory muscle strength and FC. RESULTS:Sixty-five ERSD patients (67.7% male), aged 48.2 (44.5-51.9) years were evaluated. MIP was an independent predictor of the distance walked during the ISWT (R2 = 0.44). IMW was an independent predictor of VO2peak < 16mL/kg/min. (OR = 5.7; p = 0.048) in adjusted logistic regression models. ROC curves showed that the MIP cutoff value of 82cmH2O had a sensitivity of 73.5% and specificity of 93.7% in predicting normal inspiratory strength and a sensitivity and specificity of 76.3% and 70.4%, respectively, in predicting VO2peak ≥ 16mL/kg/min. CONCLUSIONS:IMW is associated with reduced FC in hemodialysis patients. Evaluation of the MIP may be important to functional monitoring in clinical practice and can help in the stratification of patients eligible to perform exercise testing.

Backgound and Objectives: Positive airway pressure continues (CPAP) produces significant hemodynamic changes that may influence the variability of breathing pattern and heart rate, acting as an additional therapy to prevent atelectasis and to combat hypoxia. The rate of inhaled 99 m Technetiumdiethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (99mTc-DTPA), along with changes in the lung epithelium cause an increase in the rate of clearance of this compound. The aim of this study was evaluate the pulmonary clearance rate of 99mTechnetium Diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (99mTc-DTPA) through the use of different levels of CPAP. Methods: It was a quasi-experimental study involving 17 healthy individuals with normal lung functional. 99mTc-DTPA, as aerosol, was nebulized for 3 minutes with the individual in a sitting position. The pulmonary clearance rate was assessed through pulmonary scintigraphy under spontaneous breathing and under 20 and 10 cmH2 O CPAP in the sitting position. The clearance rate was expressed as the half-time (T½) that is the time for the activity to decrease to 50% of the peak value. Results: 20 cmH2 O CPAP produced significant reduction of the T½ of 99mTc-DTPA in the sitting position (p=0.005). However, 10 cmH2 O CPAP did not alter the T½ of DTPA in the same positions. Conclusion: High levels of continuos positive pressure in normal lungs resulted in faster 99mTc-DTPA clearance moreover, 10 cmH2 O did not alter its clearance rate. KEYWORDS: Noninvasive ventilation. Technetium Tc 99m Pentetate. Radionuclide Imaging.

Childhood obesity is related to a cascade of neuroendocrine inflammatory changes. However, there remains a gap in the current literature regarding the possible occurrence of these changes in overweight/obese infants. The objective of this study was to evaluate adipokines, cortisol, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and redox status in overweight/obese infants versus normal-weight peers. A cross-sectional study was conducted with 50 infants (25 in the overweight/obese group and 25 in the normal-weight group) between 6 and 24 months. Plasma levels of leptin, adiponectin, resistin, soluble tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptors, chemokines, BDNF, serum cortisol and redox status were measured. Unpaired Student's t-test was used to analyze the results and a probability of p

This article is based on a research which conducted a study about the history of Souza Cruz since its beginning that goes from 1903 until 2007. The specific objective was to analyze the historical sense of the ideology of the company on social responsibility and its ambiguities, inserted into social projects of the company. The theoretical-epistemological perspective combined the paradigm of the complexity with the approach of critical studies. The research was documentary and bibliographic. This article aims to contribute with the Brazilian public administration regarding the knowledge about the complex relationships among the tobacco industry, environmental effects and public health. This study concluded that the complementarity between the paradigm of the complexity and the approach of critical studies demonstrates that the ideology of Souza Cruz about social responsibility is inserted between the stockholders' theory and the stakeholders' theory, in an ambivalent way, and that both are part of the paradigm of simplification (marked by reductionism and fragmentation).

A constituição do cenário esportivo de Santa Catarina está relacionada com o processo de ocupação e desenvolvimento da região. No final do século XIX, muitas sociedades de tradição alemã foram fundadas no estado. As sociedades estavam relacionadas com os colonizadores europeus, que se estabeleceram e constituíram redes sociais. No início, foram desenvolvidos esportes como o tiro e a ginástica. Posteriormente, com o apoio das sociedades, há um período de transição no esporte do estado. É criada uma competição de esporte amador - os Jogos Abertos de Santa Catarina - que engloba várias modalidades esportivas, todas disputadas ao mesmo tempo. A partir desse marco na esfera esportiva, o esporte amador em Santa Catarina reestruturar-se. Desse modo, o objetivo do presente estudo é refletir sobre a constituição do cenário esportivo amador em Santa Catarina. Para tanto, realizamos uma pesquisa bibliográfica e documental.

A Doença Pulmonar Obstrutiva Crônica (DPOC) é caracterizada por uma limitação progressiva ao fluxo aéreo, de origem inflamatória e com repercussões multissistêmicas que se traduz dispneia, intolerância ao exercício e baixa capacidade funcional. Este estudo em andamento objetivou quantificar a independência funcional e a tolerância ao exercício físico em portadores de DPOC ingressantes no Programa de Reabilitação Pulmonar (PRP) do Hospital Santa Cruz. De delineamento transversal, do tipo estudo de casos, avaliou a independência funcional através do questionário de Medida de Independência Funcional (MIF) e a tolerância ao exercício através do teste máximo de carga incremental (Shuttle Test). Foram avaliados 14 portadores de DPOC, com idade média de 66,93 ± 6,22 e predominância do sexo masculino. Uma média de 122,21 ± 6,60 pontos no MIF foi encontrada, caracterizando-os como independência completa ou modificada. A distância média percorrida no Shuttle Test foi de 370,11 ± 114,53 metros, e observou-se sendo que quanto mais grave a DPOC menor foi à distância percorrida pelos sujeitos. Os portadores de DPOC deste estudo são independentes funcionalmente, porém apresentam diferentes níveis de tolerância ao exercício físico incremental e este parece estar associado com a progressão da doença.

Introduction. The proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) is a physiotherapeutic concept based on muscle and joint proprioceptive stimulation. Among its principles, the irradiation is the reaction of the distinct regional muscle contractions to the position of the application of the motions. Objective. To investigate the presence of irradiated dorsiflexion and plantar flexion and the existing strength generated by them during application of PNF trunk motions. Methods. The study was conducted with 30 sedentary and female volunteers, the PNF motions of trunk flexion, and extension with the foot (right and left) positioned in a developed equipment coupled to the load cell, which measured the strength irradiated in Newton. Results. Most of the volunteers irradiated dorsal flexion in the performance of the flexion and plantar flexion during the extension motion, both presenting an average force of 8.942 N and 10.193 N, respectively. Conclusion. The distal irradiation in lower limbs became evident, reinforcing the therapeutic actions to the PNF indirect muscular activation.

To evaluate the effects of taurine supplementation associated or not with chronic exercise on body composition, mitochondrial function, and expression of genes related to mitochondrial activity and lipid oxidation in the subcutaneous white adipose tissue (scWAT) of obese women. A randomized and double-blind trial was developed with 24 obese women (BMI 33.1 ± 2.9 kg/m2, 32.9 ± 6.3 y) randomized into three groups: Taurine supplementation group (Tau, n = 8); Exercise group (Ex, n = 8); Taurine supplementation + exercise group (TauEx, n = 8). The intervention was composed of 3 g of taurine or placebo supplementation and exercise training for eight weeks. Anthropometry, body fat composition, indirect calorimetry, scWAT biopsy for mitochondrial respiration, and gene expression related to mitochondrial activity and lipid oxidation were assessed before and after the intervention. No changes were observed for the anthropometric characteristics. The Ex group presented an increased resting energy expenditure rate, and the TauEx and Ex groups presented increased lipid oxidation and a decreased respiratory quotient. Both trained groups (TauEx and Ex) demonstrated improved scWAT mitochondrial respiratory capacity. Regarding mitochondrial markers, no changes were observed for the Tau group. The TauEx group had higher expression of CIDEA, PGC1a, PRDM16, UCP1, and UCP2. The genes related to fat oxidation (ACO2 and ACOX1) were increased in the Tau and Ex groups, while only the TauEx group presented increased expression of CPT1 , PPARa, PPARγ, LPL, ACO1, ACO2, HSL, ACOX1, and CD36 genes. Taurine supplementation associated with exercise improved lipid metabolism through the modulation of genes related to mitochondrial activity and fatty acid oxidation, suggesting a browning effect in the scWAT of obese women. Taurine supplementation only increased the expression of fat oxidation genes (ACO2 and ACOX1). Exercise increased energy metabolism and the expression of fat oxidation genes in the subcutaneous white adipose tissue. The association between taurine supplementation and exercise promoted additional effects to exercise by increasing energy expenditure, and upregulating mitochondrial respiratory capacity and the expression of genes related to mitochondrial metabolism and fat oxidation in the subcutaneous adipose tissue (scWAT) of obese women. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The salivary circadian diurnal cortisol plays an important role in growth and development. Inappropriate levels may induce changes associated with an increased risk of obesity later in life. It is unknown if there are differences in cortisol secretion pattern between overweight/obese infants when compared with theirs peers in infancy. Thus, this study aimed to compare the salivary cortisol secretion pattern in overweight/obese and normal-weight infants. Methods: Thirty-three (overweight/obese = 17 and normal weight = 16) infants between 6 and 24 months of age had saliva samples collected upon awakening (T1), 30 min after waking (T2), at 12:00 am or before the baby's meal (T3), and prior to bedtime (T4). Highly sensitive enzyme immunoassays were used for cortisol analyses. Results: Salivary cortisol levels were similar between the groups: T1 (p = 0.22; 95% confidence interval [CI]: −5.65, 1.37), T2 (p = 0.24; 95% CI: −8.23, 2.17), T3 (p = 0.95; 95% CI: −3.16, 2.96), and T4 (p = 0.81; 95% CI: −1.39, 1.08); and no differences were observed between area under the curve (AUC) (p = 0.80; 95% CI: −4.58–13.66). The cortisol level reduced in T4 (95% CI: 1.35–2.96) compared to T1 (95% CI: 5.15–8.49) and T2 in the overweight/obese group (p < 0.001; 95% CI: 6.02–11.04). In the normal-weight group, the cortisol reduced in T3 (95% CI: 2.86–8.18) compared to T1 (95% CI: 5.64–12.28) and decreased until T4 (p = 0.001; 95% CI: 1.25–3.37). Conclusions: The overweight/obese infant group presented a different pattern of cortisol secretion, although cortisol levels did not differ between the control group. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT This research was conducted to investigate the effect of live and inactive sugarcane yeast on beef cattle voluntary intake, apparent digestibility of nutrients, ruminal pH, volatile fatty acids (VFA) concentrations, and ruminal ammonia. Five rumen-cannulated Nellore heifers were distributed in a 5×5 Latin square design, with five experimental periods of 15 days, with seven days for adaptation to the additives and the remaining days for data records and sampling. Total mixed ration (TMR) was composed by corn silage (20%) and concentrate (80%) based on corn and soybean meal. Five treatments were evaluated: without additive use (negative control; NC); chemical buffer addition – 0.71% in concentrate DM of sodium bicarbonate and 0.18% of magnesium oxide (positive control, PC); 10 g/day live yeast (LY); 15 g/day of inactive yeast (IY15); and 30 g/day of inactive yeast (IY30). Sugarcane yeasts were directly infused in rumen immediately after morning and afternoon feed supply. Feed additives did not affect voluntary intake, nutrient digestibility, and sorting behavior of animals. However, heifers from all treatments presented preferential intake of fibrous fraction of diet, especially those from NC and IY15. Nitrogen balance, VFA concentrations, and blood parameters were not influenced as well. Sodium bicarbonate and magnesium oxide led to greater ruminal pH than yeast, and IY15 presented greater pH than IY30. Ruminal ammonia was increased by the use of additives. Active and inactive yeasts are not recommended as feed additives for bovines fed diets with 80% of concentrate since it allows animals to select fibrous particles from TMR, and no representative gain in ruminal parameters and digestibilities are guaranteed.