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Copyright of Revista ION is the property of Universidad Industrial de Santander and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The text reflects on the importance of the toy in the city of Medellín between 1910 and 1940 as a representation of social and cultural realities: definitions of the toy during the time, formation of childhood models and changes in their conception were analyzed. Reference is made to the importance that children were to have in education, health and family; as well as in the children's market where the toys were found. Emphasis is placed on their functions, their relationship with social classes and their role and distinguishing genders and social roles. It is concluded that the toys underwent transformations both in materiality, as well as in form and function that influenced the changes in the concept of childhood existing up to that moment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of CES Medicina is the property of Universidad CES and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The heterogeneous photocatalytic degradation of dyes reactive red 120 and reactive blue 4 under ideal solutions and hydrolysates dyes simulating a staining process with an initial concentration of 50 mg • L-1 was studied, using 200 mg • L-1 of TiO2 doped with Fe or N. Total degradation of both dyes was achieved with the addition of an auxiliary oxidizing agent such as hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) at a concentration of 12.0 mM. Such degradation was achieved after one hour of reaction for doped catalysts (N-TiO2 and Fe-TiO2). For solutions of hydrolysed dye that simulated waste water from the textile industry was found that the pH adversely affects dye degradation due to repulsion between the photocatalysts and dyes. In all the studied cases further degradation of reactive red dye 120 was observed relative to reactive blue 4, which can be associated with the complex molecular structure of the second dye. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Autoimmune bullous skin diseases (ABDs) are uncommon, potentially fatal diseases of skin and mucous membranes which are associated with deposits of autoantibodies and complement against distinct molecules of the epidermis and dermal/epidermal basement membrane zone (BMZ). These autoantibodies lead to a loss in skin molecular integrity, which manifests clinically as formation of blisters or erosions. In pemphigus vulgaris, loss of adhesion occurs within the epidermis. The pioneering work of Ernst H. Beutner, Ph.D. and Robert E. Jordon, M.D. confirmed the autoimmune nature of these diseases. Walter F. Lever, M.D. contributed significantly to our understanding of the histopathologic features of these diseases. Walter Lever, M.D. and Ken Hashimoto, M.D. contributed electron microscopic studies of these diseases, especially in pemphigus vulgaris and bullous pemphigoid. In bullous pemphigoid (BP), linear IgA bullous dermatosis, epidermolysis bullosa acquisita (EBA) and dermatitis herpetiformis (DH), loss of adhesion takes place within or underneath the BMZ. Classic EBA demonstrates extensive skin fragility; DH is commonly associated with gluten-sensitive enteropathy, and manifests clinically with pruritic papulovesicles on the extensor surfaces of the extremities and the lumbosacral area. The clinical spectrum of bullous pemphigoid includes tense blisters, urticarial plaques, and prurigo-like eczematous lesions. Pemphigoid gestationis mostly occurs during the last trimester of pregnancy, and mucous membrane pemphigoid primarily involves the oral mucosa and conjunctivae and leads to scarring. Linear IgA bullous dermatosis manifests with tense blisters in a „cluster of jewels”-like pattern in childhood (chronic bullous disease of childhood) and is more clinically heterogeneous in adulthood. Many of the autoantigens in these disorders are known and have been well characterized. ABDs may be influenced by both genetic and exogenous factors. The diagnoses of ABDs is based on histology of lesional skin and direct immunofluorescence (DIF) of perilesional skin, as well as by serologic confirmation of autoantibodies by indirect immunofluorescence (IIF) and recombinant autoantigens. The titers of the autoantibodies may correlate with the disease severity, and can be measured by indirect immunofluorescence and by ELISA testing. Therapeutically, systemic treatment with glucocorticoids is combined with immunosuppressive adjuvants which allow for fast reduction of systemic steroids. A prospective clinical trial in pemphigus showed that adjuvant treatment with azathioprine, mycophenolate mofetil and cyclophosphamide led to a significant reduction of the cumulative dose of systemic steroids until complete clinical remission was achieved. In bullous pemphigoid, topical treatment with clobetasol can help to accomplish a clinical remission without the major side effects seen with systemic steroids. Also, therapeutic depletion of B lymphocytes by rituximab has considerably improved the overall prognosis of pemphigus. Nurses and other paramedical personal caring for patients with these disorders play a critical role in improving the quality of life of the patients and their families. The patients need to be continuously evaluated to avoid secondary infections, especially if they have long term immuosupressive treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista de la Asociación Colombiana de Dermatología y Cirugía Dermatológica is the property of Asociacion Colombiana de Dermatologia y Cirugia Dermatologica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Effectiveness of heterogeneous photocatalysis using TiO2 in the degradation of organic matter from an effluent of pharmaceutical industry was evaluated. The results show that the studied variables (initial pH, concentration of TiO2 and H2O2) affect the removal efficiency of organic matter. The highest levels of COD (70.4%), BOD (96.7%) and TOC (81.4%) removal were obtained using 340 mg/L of TiO2, 10.0 mM of H2O2 at pH initial 7.0 and an UV light exposure time of 5 hours. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista de la Asociación Colombiana de Dermatología y Cirugía Dermatológica is the property of Asociacion Colombiana de Dermatologia y Cirugia Dermatologica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The activity of 5%Pd/TiO2 and for the first time 5%Pd/TiO2-5%Na catalysts was evaluated in the liquid phase catalytic hydrodechlorination of chloroform at room temperature and 50°C, using isopropanol as solvent and hydrogen donor. 5%Pd/TiO2-5%Na catalyst showed the best catalytic performance at room temperature and 50°C, with the highest conversion at 50°C (32.5%) after 5 hours of reaction. The incorporation of sodium ions into the support favored both the dehydrogenation of isopropanol and the capture of chloride ions produced during the reaction, both positive for the hydrodechlorination of chloroform. The catalysts were characterized by AAS, mass titration, XRD, BET, hydrogen chemisorption, TPR and TGA. Na and Pd were loaded on the support practically without loss. and the anatase phase of titanium dioxide did not change with the addition of NaOH increased the catalyst's isoelectric point, indicating an increase in catalyst basicity. This can explain the improved activity of Na-containing catalysts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since the pandemic of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) first appeared, we have found that patients with this infection or with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) present with related infections caused by different microorganisms such as viruses, bacteria, fungi, parasites, or mycobacteria. Some of these infections are only related to HIV patients, while others, although common within the HIV community, show bizarre clinic cases. Thus, we must pay attention to all the potential infections that these patients might suffer, in order to make a convenient diagnosis and a prompt treatment. We will show a correlation between the most prevalent fungal infections in HIV/AIDS patients and their immunological status (CD4 lymphocyte cells count), their main characteristics, the way in which they can differ with immunocompetent patients, and their potential complications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The great advancements in the understanding of the immunopathogenesis of psoriasis in the last 10 years have lead to the introduction of biologic therapy. However, phototherapy continues to be an excellent therapeutic resource for moderate to severe disease, not only due to its low costs and relative safety, but also to its high effectiveness, and must be considered as an option before initiating a patient on biologic treatments. Unfortunately, less and less research is carried out on phototherapy, and thus, few articles are published on this subject in the literature. Being the Centro Dermatológico CES, Sabaneta, a reference center for phototherapy since 1995, we aimed to combine a review of the literature with the experience accumulated during these years to publish certain treatment guidelines for the use of phototherapy in psoriasis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista de la Asociación Colombiana de Dermatología y Cirugía Dermatológica is the property of Asociacion Colombiana de Dermatologia y Cirugia Dermatologica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

A case of an eccrine poroma is described in a 77 year-old patient with a painful lesion on his right foot, with easy bleeding and limitation for deambulation. Histology reported eccrine poroma. A review of current literature is made. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An erythematous-brownish patch in the left gluteus, visible since perinatal period, was found in a 1 year old boy. He presented with a pseudo-Darier sign. Histologically, smooth muscle hyperplasia in the dermis was observed with normal epidermis. Immunohistchemical stains such as smooth muscle actin, desmin and H-caldesmon, revealed the smooth muscle origin and confirmed the congenital smooth muscle hamartoma diagnosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]