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This paper presents a compact penta-band Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) Dielectric Resonator Antenna (DRA). The proposed MIMO DRA consists of two rectangular DRs incorporating complementary split ring resonators (CSRRs) and an inverted T-shaped slot. The MIMO DRA achieves low impedance matching through simple microstrip feedlines, which is further enhanced by integrating a microstrip line with the DRA itself. Remarkably, the introduction of CSRRs enables the design to resonate at five distinct frequency bands, namely 2.8-GHz, 4.4-GHz, 5.8-GHz, 6.4-GHz, and 6.9-GHz. The simulated properties of the MIMO DRA were validated through over-the-air measurements performed on a fabricated prototype. The proposed MIMO design demonstrates impedance bandwidths of 2.09 %, 2.43 %, 2.17 %, 2.55 %, and 4.91 % at the above respective resonance frequencies. The proposed design exhibits exceptional stability in radiation pattern, featuring a noteworthy peak gain of 6.08 dBi and an efficiency of 91.35 %. Notably, the incorporation of an inverted T-shaped slot effectively enhances isolation between the MIMO elements, achieving a maximum diversity gain of 10 dB and an envelope correlation coefficient of 0.005 over 20-dB isolation. A good agreement between the simulation and measured results is obtained, which underscores the suitability of the CSRR-based MIMO DRA for multiband wireless applications (blue tooth, radio astronomy, remote sensing, WIFI, satellite television and 6G), making it a very valuable contribution to the field.

It is not well known that in the context of the unofficial artistic and philosophical scene of the ČSSR there was an aesthetically refined and theoretically differentiated reflection on the different degrees and limits of visibility as well as a rethinking of participation – be it aesthetic, epistemic or political. In this paper I first investigate the relation between history and (in)visibility in its broadest sense: questions such as 'whose history is present' and 'what visual memory building strategies are used' were highly controversial and deeply politicised. For many artists and philosophers such as Zorka Ságlová or Jan Patočka the very act of remembering and the active, critical engagement with (visual) culture and history thus became an act of resistance. I then explore how artists subtly intervened in and transformed the monitored public space, and often tried to undermine given regimes of visibility. I demonstrate that these manifold 'dissident' practices engendered new aesthetic experiences and fostered powerful counter-narratives that deconstructed the official propaganda discourse of the communist regime. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Vierteljahrshefte für Zeitgeschichte is the property of De Gruyter and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper presents and reviews the main existing open specifications for PPP/PPP-RTK services, including satellite navigation providers (QZSS, Galileo, BeiDou, GLONASS) and other industrial or scientific initiatives (RTCM, SAPCORDA, 3GPP, IGS). To structure the comparison, we adapted PPP/PPPRTK services to the well-known OSI model and defined them according to their properties in the OSI communication layers. We show how the proposed formats relate to the current standards, mainly RTCM SSR and CSSR, and what their differences and similarities are in terms of transmitted corrections and bandwidth. We compare the efficiency of the existing formats in two scenarios: a global PPP scenario with multi-GNSS corrections, and a regional PPP-RTK scenario, also multi-GNSS and including ionospheric corrections. We propose an interoperable format that can be an extension to CSSR and allows efficient transmission of corrections for both global-scale MEO-based PPP as well as nationwide IGSO/GEO-based PPP-RTK. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Microsatellite markers or Simple Sequence Repeats (SSRs) are gaining importance for molecular characterization of the virus as well as estimation of evolution patterns due to its high-polymorphic nature. The Avipoxvirus is the causative agent of pox-like lesions in more than 300 birds and one of the major diseases for the extinction of endangered avian species. Therefore, we conducted a genome-wide analysis to decipher the type, distribution pattern of 14 complete genomes derived from the Avipoxvirus genus. The in-silico screening deciphered the existence of 917–2632 SSRs per strain. In the case of compound SSRs (cSSRs), the value was obtained 44–255 per genome. Our analysis indicates that the di-nucleotide repeats (52.74%) are the most abundant, followed by the mononucleotides (34.79), trinucleotides (11.57%), tetranucleotides (0.64%), pentanucleotides (0.12%) and hexanucleotides (0.15%) repeats. The specific parameters like Relative Abundance (RA) and Relative Density (RD) of microsatellites ranged within 5.5–8.12 and 33.08–53.58 bp/kb. The analysis of RA and RD value of compound microsatellites resulted between 0.25–0.82 and 4.64–15.12 bp/kb. The analysis of motif composition of cSSR revealed that most of the compound microsatellites were made up of two microsatellites, with some unique duplicated pattern of the motif like, (TA)-x-(TA), (TCA)-x-(TCA), etc. and self-complementary motifs, such as (TA)-x-(AT). Finally, we validated forty sets of compound microsatellite markers through an in-vitro approach utilizing clinical specimens and mapping the sequencing products with the database through comparative genomics approaches. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the role and significance of Religious Studies Review (RSR) in advancing the field of Religious Studies over the past fifty years. It highlights how RSR has evolved from simply conveying information about the field to actively shaping and directing it. It describes the meticulous process of selecting and organizing book reviews, emphasizing the proactive and selective nature of the review process.

The article focuses on the history, significance, and challenges faced by the Religious Studies Review (RSR) journal and its parent organization, the Council of Societies for the Study of Religion (CSSR). It discusses financial difficulties, changes in editorial leadership, and the eventual dissolution of CSSR. It highlights the resilience of RSR and its ongoing importance in the field of Religious Studies.

This paper presents and reviews the main existing open specifications for PPP/PPP‐RTK services, including satellite navigation providers (QZSS, Galileo, BeiDou, GLONASS) and other industrial or scientific initiatives (RTCM, SAPCORDA, 3GPP, IGS). To structure the comparison, we adapted PPP/PPP‐RTK services to the well‐known OSI model and defined them according to their properties in the OSI communication layers. We show how the proposed formats relate to the current standards, mainly RTCM SSR and CSSR, and what their differences and similarities are in terms of transmitted corrections and bandwidth. We compare the efficiency of the existing formats in two scenarios: a global PPP scenario with multi‐GNSS corrections, and a regional PPP‐RTK scenario, also multi‐GNSS and including ionospheric corrections. We propose an interoperable format that can be an extension to CSSR and allows efficient transmission of corrections for both global‐scale MEO‐based PPP as well as nationwide IGSO/GEO‐based PPP‐RTK. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Securitas Imperii is the property of Institute for the Study of Totalitarian Regimes and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Purpose: To investigate the diffusion of hyperpolarized 129Xe in air spaces at short‐time scales for determination of lung surface‐to‐gas‐volume ratio in comparison to results from chemical shift saturation recovery, CT, and established clinical measures. Methods: A pulse sequence for measurement of time‐dependent diffusion of 129Xe in air spaces at short diffusion times was developed. Gas uptake into lung tissue was measured in the same breathhold using chemical shift saturation recovery spectroscopy in the short‐time regime. The potential to obtain the surface‐to‐gas‐volume ratio using a first‐order and second‐order approximation of the short‐time expansion of time‐dependent diffusion according to Mitra et al11 and its diagnostic relevance were tested in a study with 9 chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases patients. Results: Surface‐to‐gas‐volume ratios obtained from time‐dependent diffusion were correlated with results from chemical shift saturation recovery, r = 0.840, P =.005 (first‐order fits), and r = 0.923, P <.001 (second‐order fits), and from CT results for second‐order fits, r = 0.729, P =.026. Group means ± SD were 75.0 ± 15.5 cm−1 (first‐order fits) and 122.3 ± 32.8 cm−1 (second‐order fits) for time‐dependent diffusion, 125.9 ± 43.3 cm−1 for chemical shift saturation recovery, and 159.5 ± 50.9 cm−1 for CT. Surface‐to‐gas‐volume ratios from time‐dependent diffusion with first‐order fits correlated significantly with carbon monoxide diffusing capacity as percent of prediction, r = 0.724, P =.028. Conclusion: Time‐dependent diffusion measurements of 129Xe at short‐time scales down to ~1 ms are feasible in chronic obstructive pulmonary patients and provide clinically relevant information on lung microstructure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To evaluate the reproducibility and regional variation of parameters obtained from localized 129Xe chemical shift saturation recovery (CSSR) MR spectroscopy in healthy volunteers and patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and to compare the results to 129Xe dissolved‐phase MR imaging. Methods: Thirteen healthy volunteers and 10 COPD patients were scanned twice using 129Xe dissolved‐phase imaging, CSSR, and ventilation imaging sequences. A 16‐channel phased‐array coil in combination with the regularized spectral localization achieved by sensitivity heterogeneity (SPLASH) method was used to perform a regional analysis of CSSR data. Lung function and microstructural parameters were obtained using Patz model functions and their reproducibility was assessed. Results: The Patz model alveolar wall thickness parameter shows good reproducibility on a regional basis with a median coefficient of variation of 6.5% in healthy volunteers and 12.4% in COPD patients. Significant regional differences of lung function parameters derived from localized CSSR were found in healthy volunteers and correlations with spirometric indices were found. Conclusion: Localized 129Xe CSSR provides reproducible estimates of alveolar wall thickness and is able to detect regional differences of lung microstructure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For private protocol is widely used in industrial control network in recent years, it takes many problems for safety research. This paper proposed private protocol autonomous learning method based on hidden Markov models ( HMM). This method got packet structure of finite state machine model through network traces. Against disadvantages of Baum-Welch algorithm, it designed the CAPP algorithm based on the causal-state splitting reconstruction( CSSB) algorithm to get the ε-machine of private protocol message formats, to avoid the local optimum and the problem of parameter selection on account of the lack of prior knowledge. And through the test on public protocol FTP, Modbus TCP and private protocol WDB BPC to prove the validity of the method. The next step research direction were also discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During the measurement of hyperpolarized 129Xe magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), the diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) technique provides valuable information for the assessment of lung morphometry at the alveolar level, whereas the chemical shift saturation recovery (CSSR) technique can evaluate the gas exchange function of the lungs. To date, the two techniques have only been performed during separate breaths. However, the request for multiple breaths increases the cost and scanning time, limiting clinical application. Moreover, acquisition during separate breath-holds will increase the measurement error, because of the inconsistent physiological status of the lungs. Here, we present a new method, referred to as diffusion-weighted chemical shift saturation recovery (DWCSSR), in order to perform both DWI and CSSR within a single breath-hold. Compared with sequential single-breath schemes (namely the 'CSSR + DWI' scheme and the 'DWI + CSSR' scheme), the DWCSSR scheme is able to significantly shorten the breath-hold time, as well as to obtain high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) signals in both DWI and CSSR data. This scheme enables comprehensive information on lung morphometry and function to be obtained within a single breath-hold. In vivo experimental results demonstrate that DWCSSR has great potential for the evaluation and diagnosis of pulmonary diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose To demonstrate the feasibility of quantitative and comprehensive global evaluation of pulmonary function and microstructural changes in rats with radiation-induced lung injury (RILI) using hyperpolarized xenon MR. Methods Dissolved xenon spectra were dynamically acquired using a modified chemical shift saturation recovery pulse sequence in five rats with RILI (bilaterally exposed by 6-MV x-ray with a dose of 14 Gy 3 mo. prior to MR experiments) and five healthy rats. The dissolved xenon signals were quantitatively analyzed, and the pulmonary physiological parameters were extracted with the model of xenon exchange. Results The obtained pulmonary physiological parameters and the ratio of 129Xe signal in red blood cells (RBCs) versus barrier showed a significant difference between the groups. In RILI rats versus controls, the exchange time increased from 44.5 to 112 ms, the pulmonary capillary transit time increased from 0.51 to 1.48 s, and the ratio of 129Xe spectroscopic signal in RBCs versus barrier increased from 0.294 to 0.484. Conclusion Hyperpolarized xenon MR is effective for quantitative and comprehensive global evaluation of pulmonary function and structural changes without the use of radiation. This may open the door for its use in the diagnosis of lung diseases that are related to gas exchange. Magn Reson Med 76:408-416, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Magnetic-resonance spectroscopy and imaging using hyperpolarized xenon-129 show great potential for evaluation of the most important function of the human lung -- gas exchange. In particular, chemical shift saturation recovery (CSSR) xenon-129 spectroscopy provides important physiological information for the lung as a whole by characterizing the dynamic process of gas exchange, while dissolved-phase (DP) xenon-129 imaging captures the time-averaged regional distribution of gas uptake by lung tissue and blood. Herein, we present recent advances in assessing lung function using CSSR spectroscopy and DP imaging in a total of 45 subjects (23 healthy, 13 chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and 9 asthma). From CSSR acquisitions, the COPD subjects showed red blood cell to tissue-plasma (RBC-to-TP) ratios below the average for the healthy subjects ( p < 0.001), but significantly higher septal wall thicknesses as compared with the healthy subjects ( p < 0.005); the RBC-to-TP ratios for the asthmatic subjects fell outside two standard deviations (either higher or lower) from the mean of the healthy subjects, although there was no statistically significant difference for the average ratio of the study group as a whole. Similarly, from the 3D DP imaging acquisitions, we found that all the ratios (TP to gas phase (GP), RBC to GP, RBC to TP) measured in the COPD subjects were lower than those from the healthy subjects ( p < 0.05 for all ratios), while these ratios in the asthmatic subjects differed considerably between subjects. Despite having been performed at different lung inflation levels, the RBC-to-TP ratios measured by CSSR and 3D DP imaging were fairly consistent with each other, with a mean difference of 0.037 (ratios from 3D DP imaging larger). In ten subjects the RBC-to-GP ratios obtained from the 3D DP imaging acquisitions were also highly correlated with their diffusing capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide per unit alveolar volume ratios measured by pulmonary function testing ( R = 0.91). Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

African weakly electric fishes (Mormyridae) underwent an outstanding adaptive radiation (about 200 species), putatively owing to their ability to communicate through species-specific weak electric signals. The electric organ discharge ( EOD) is produced by muscle-derived electrocytes organized in piles to form an electric organ. Despite the importance of this trait as a prezygotic isolation mechanism, genomic resources remained limited. We present here a first draft of the skeletal muscle and electric organ transcriptomes from the weakly electric fish species Campylomormyrus compressirostris, obtained using the Illumina HiSeq2000 sequencing technology. Approximately 6.8 Gbp of cDNA sequence data were produced from both tissues, resulting in 57 268 109 raw reads for the skeletal muscle and 46 934 923 for the electric organ, and assembled de novo into 46 143 and 89 270 contigs, respectively. About 50% of both transcriptomes were annotated after protein databases search. The two transcriptomes show similar profiles in terms of Gene Ontology categories composition. We identified several candidate genes which are likely to play a central role in the production and evolution of the electric signal. For most of these genes, and for many other housekeeping genes, we were able to obtain the complete or partial coding DNA sequences ( CDS), which can be used for the development of primers to be utilized in qRT-PCR experiments. We present also the complete mitochondrial genome and compare it to those available from other weakly electric fish species. Additionally, we located 1671 SSR-containing regions with their flanking sites and designed the relative primers. This study establishes a first step in the development of genomic tools aimed at understanding the role of electric communication during speciation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

MRI of hyperpolarized 129Xe dissolved in pulmonary tissues, and blood has the potential to offer a new tool for regional evaluation of pulmonary gas exchange and perfusion; however, the extremely short T [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Automatic structure discovery is desirable in many Markov model applications where a good topology (states and transitions) is not known a priori. CSSR is an established pattern discovery algorithm for stationary and ergodic stochastic symbol sequences that learns a predictively optimal Markov representation consisting of so-called causal states. By means of a novel algebraic criterion, we prove that the causal states of a simple process disturbed by random errors frequently are too complex to be learned fully, making CSSR diverge. In fact, the causal state representation of many hidden Markov models, representing simple but noise-disturbed data, has infinite cardinality. We also report that these problems can be solved by endowing CSSR with the ability to make approximations. The resulting algorithm, robust causal states (RCS), is able to recover the underlying causal structure from data corrupted by random substitutions, as is demonstrated both theoretically and in an experiment. The algorithm has potential applications in areas such as error correction and learning stochastic grammars. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Rationale and Objectives: Using a novel 129Xe polarizer with high throughput (1–2 L/hour) and high polarization (∼55%), our objective was to demonstrate and characterize human pulmonary applications at 0.2T. Specifically, we investigated the ability of 129Xe to measure the alveolar surface area per unit volume of gas, S A/V gas. Materials and Methods: Variable spin echo time (TE) gradient and radiofrequency (RF) echoes were used to obtain estimates of the lung''s contribution to both T 2* and T 2. Standard multislice ventilation images were obtained and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) determined. Whole-lung, time-dependent measurements of 129Xe diffusion from gas to septal tissue were obtained with a chemical shift saturation recovery (CSSR) method. Four healthy subjects were studied, and the Butler et al CSSR formalism (J Phys Condensed Matter 2002; 14:L297–L304) was used to calculate S A/V gas. A single-breath version of the xenon transfer contrast (SB-XTC) method was implemented and used to image 129Xe diffusion between alveolar gas and septal tissue. A direct comparison of CSSR and SB-XTC was performed. Results: T 2* = 135 ± 29 ms amd T 2 = 326.2 ± 9.5 ms. Maximum SNR = 36 for ventilation images from inhalation of 1L 86% 129Xe and voxel volume = 0.225 mL. CSSR analysis showed S A/V gas decreased with increasing lung volume in a manner very similar to that observed from histology measurements; however, the absolute value of S A/V gas was ∼40% smaller than histology values. SB-XTC images in different postures demonstrate gravitationally dependent values. Initial comparison of CSSR with XTC showed fairly good agreement with expected ratios. Conclusions: Hyperpolarized 129Xe human imaging and spectroscopy are very promising methods to provide functional information about the lung. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: The majority of researchers investigating hyperpolarized gas MRI as a candidate functional lung imaging modality have used 3He as their imaging agent of choice rather than 129Xe. This preference has been predominantly due to, 3He providing stronger signals due to higher levels of polarization and higher gyromagnetic ratio, as well as its being easily available to more researchers due to availability of polarizers (USA) or ease of gas transport (Europe). Most researchers agree, however, that hyperpolarized 129Xe will ultimately emerge as the imaging agent of choice due to its unlimited supply in nature and its falling cost. Our recent polarizer technology delivers vast improvements in hyperpolarized 129Xe output. Using this polarizer, we have demonstrated the unique property of xenon to measure alveolar surface area noninvasively. In this article, we describe our human protocols and their safety, and our results for the measurement of the partial pressure of pulmonary oxygen (pO2) by observation of 129Xe signal decay. We note that the measurement of pO2 by observation of 129Xe signal decay is more complex than that for 3He because of an additional signal loss mechanism due to interphase diffusion of 129Xe from alveolar gas spaces to septal tissue. This results in measurements of an equivalent pO2 that accounts for both traditional T 1 decay from pO2 and that from interphase diffusion. We also provide an update on new technological advancements that form the foundation for an improved compact design polarizer as well as improvements that provide another order-of-magnitude scale-up in xenon polarizer output. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

This paper reports the development of SSR markers from EST data and their utilization in germplasm identification of Porphyra. The publicly available EST (expressed sequence tag) sequences of Porphyra were searched from the Internet (www.kazura.or.jp/en/plant/porphyra/EST/). From a total of 20,779 obtained EST sequences, 391 SSRs (simple sequence repeats) were analysed with SSRIT software (www.gramene.org/db/searches/ssrtool). From those, 48 SSR primer-pairs were designed and tested by commonly used SSR reaction conditions using 22 Porphyra DNA samples as templates. Results showed that 41 SSR primer-pairs gave good amplification patterns. These were used to conduct SSR analyses of genetic diversity and variety identification of the 22 Porphyra lines. A dendrogram and the DNA fingerprints of the Porphyra lines were developed based on the obtained SSR data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study considers the accuracy of national population forecasts of the Netherlands and the Czechoslovak Socialist Republic (CSSR) produced by the statistical agencies of these countries after World War II. Attempts are made to link patterns of ex-post errors to changes in forecasting methodology. We look at the demographic components employed in each forecast, the procedure to extrapolate fertility and the level at which assumptions for each component are formulated. Errors in total population size, fertility, mortality and foreign migration, and age structure are considered. We discuss trends in errors and methodology since 1950 and compare the situations in the two countries. The findings suggest that methodology has only a very limited impact on the accuracy of national population forecasts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this article is to analyse the contents and authors that have contributed with articles to the 50 issues of the ITF Coaching and Sport Science Review, the ITF Official Coaching and Sport Science Publication. Data is provided on total number of articles, authors, content structure and author origins as well as details on most prolific authors, contributor groups, etc. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]