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High‐silica granitoids record the formation and evolution of the continental crust. A new intrusive complex has been recognized among silicic volcanic rocks of the Weixi arc, Southwest China. The intrusions consist of granites, granitic porphyries, and granodiorites. Zircon U‐Pb age data indicate that the Weixi granitoids formed at 248–240 Ma and were coeval with silicic volcanic rocks of the Weixi arc. The Weixi granitoids are enriched in Rb, Th, and U, depleted in Ba, Sr, Nb, Ta, and Ti, and have high light/heavy rare earth element ratios and slightly negative Eu anomalies. The Weixi granitoids have negative εNd(t) values (–9.8 to –7.8) and negative zircon εHf(t) values (–12.02 to –5.11). The geochemical and isotopic features suggest the Weixi granitoids were derived by partial melting of ancient crustal material. The Weixi granitoids and silicic volcanic rocks were derived from the same magma by crystal accumulation and melt extraction, respectively, and they record the formation of a continental arc in the central Sanjiang orogenic belt. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research on individuals' attitudes toward corporate social responsibility (CSR) from a micro level has increasingly emerged in recent years, yet the role of spiritual values and principles has been ignored as its antecedents in extant literature. To fill the research gap, we examine the relationship between spirituality and individual CSR attitudes and further analyze this relationship by revealing the mediating role of idealism and the moderating role of relativism. Data were gathered from a two-wave survey conducted in Pakistan and 147 questionnaires were collected. The results indicate that spirituality is positively related to CSR attitudes, and this relationship is mediated by idealism. Relativism strengthens not only the positive relationship between spirituality and idealism but also the indirect relationship between spirituality and CSR attitudes via idealism. The findings contribute to the research on the micro-foundations of CSR by taking spirituality into account. Theoretical and practical implications for future research are also discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To enhance environmental governance for sustainable development, China has made efforts to address environmental issues through formal institutions. The enactment of the new Environmental Protection Law (EPL) in 2015 exerted new institutional pressures on heavy-polluting firms. Our study focuses on examining the phenomenon of greenwashing among these firms after the implementation of EPL. Using difference-in-difference model, we identify that EPL results in an increase in greenwashing behavior by heavy-polluting firms. Furthermore, our research reveals that while EPL implementation enhances disclosure performance in heavy-polluting firms, there is no tangible improvement in substantive environmental performance. These results are supported by various robustness tests that affirm their reliability. Additionally, we uncover that government subsidies exacerbate greenwashing in heavy-polluting firms. In contrast, the availability of slack resources diminishes the impact of EPL on greenwashing behavior. This study not only enhances the understanding of the mechanism of the impact between EPL and firm greenwashing, but also offers suggestions to help the government for better environmental governance as well as firms to engage in environmental behaviors and sustainability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to investigate the potential impact of peer firms on the quality of CSR reports produced by the focal firm. By combining insights from the behavioral theory of the firm and existing literature on aspirations, this paper proposes that the aspiration levels of managers regarding CSR reporting play a crucial role in determining the quality of CSR reports. Specifically, it is suggested that the quality of CSR reports is likely to improved when the current level falls short of managers' aspirations for CSR reporting. Conversely, when the current quality of CSR reports surpasses managers' aspirations, it is expected to decline. Additionally, this paper proposes that this effect will be stronger when the owner of the firm is government or the firm's visibility is high. Using a comprehensive panel dataset covering Chinese listed firms with A‐shares from 2012 to 2018, the empirical findings strongly support these arguments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since the implementation of the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI), Chinese firms have actively responded to the government's call to accelerate outward foreign direct investment (OFDI). Based on resource dependence theory and institutional theory, this study investigates the impact of corporate social responsibility (CSR) on the speed of OFDI under BRI and its boundary conditions. The results show that CSR can promote the speed of OFDI under BRI because CSR can help a firm accumulate strategic resources, including external benefits such as a good corporate image, and internal resources such as human capital and dynamic capabilities, and thus enhance legitimacy in host countries and its ability to resist potential risks. We also find that both state ownership and CEO political connections weaken the positive effect of CSR, and if the firm is in the key provinces or key industries of BRI, the positive relationship between CSR and the speed of OFDI under BRI will decrease. Our study contributes to the literature on international business and provides suggestions for firms participating in BRI. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study is to examine the influence of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) on firm performance. The study examines the SDG coverage of international firms in six industries listed in the Corporate Knights' Index, including banking, insurance, petroleum refineries, real estate investment and services, and investment services. Through a content analysis approach, the annual and sustainable reports of these firms for the year 2020 were used to extract financial and SDG information, respectively. The findings indicate that SDG coverage has no effect on firm performance. The results also show that SDGs 5, 8, and 13 appear to be the most widely adopted SDGs by companies from all industries, while SDGs 2, 6, and 14 tend to be the least focused on of all SDGs. This study can assist regulators and investors in better understanding the role of SDGs in achieving an organization's success. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The present study with trial sequential analysis (TSA) was conducted to evaluate comprehensively the efficacy and safety of dexmedetomidine and midazolam in pediatric sedation, and to investigate whether the outcomes achieved the required information size to draw the conclusions. Methods: PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library were searched from inception to October 2019. All randomized controlled trials used dexmedetomidine and midazolam in pediatric sedation were enrolled. Sedative efficacy, postoperative analgesic effect, and incidence of emergence agitation were considered as the co‐primary outcomes. Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) system was applied to rate the quality of evidences. Results: We acquired data from 34 studies involving 2281 pediatric patients. The results indicated that administration of dexmedetomidine was associated with less incidence of emergence agitation (RR = 0.78, with 95% CI [0.65, 0.92]) and more satisfactory sedation at parental separation (RR = 0.31, with 95% CI [0.24, 0.41]) compared to midazolam, and the current sample sizes were sufficient with unnecessary further trials. Two groups did not differ significantly in sedation level at mask induction (RR = 0.86, with 95% CI [0.74, 1.00]). And using of dexmedetomidine was associated with less incidence of postoperative analgesic rescue (RR = 0.57, with 95% CI [0.35, 0.93]), but the number of patients was too few to achieve the required information size and to draw reliable conclusions. Premedication of dexmedetomidine was associated with significant less value of SBP, heart rate, increased incidence of bradycardia, and a lower rate of shivering. And there were no differences about onset of sedation and recovery time between two groups. Conclusions: Given that more satisfactory sedation at separation from parents and less incidence of emergence agitation, dexmedetomidine is preferred for pediatric sedation. However, compared with midazolam, the superiority of dexmedetomidine in providing adequate sedation at mask induction and postoperative analgesic effects has not yet been defined. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Effectiveness of controlled hypotension has been proven in alleviating intraoperative bleeding. Many recent studies emphasized the efficacy of dexmedetomidine and magnesium in providing controlled hypotension during various surgeries. The present meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) was performed to evaluate comprehensively the effects and safety of these two medications. Methods: Literature search was performed in four databases from inception to April 2019. All RCTs that used dexmedetomidine and magnesium as hypotensive agents were enrolled. The outcomes contained bleeding condition of surgical site, hemodynamic parameters, duration of surgeries, number of patients requiring opioid/analgesia administration, recovery period, and adverse events emerged during surgeries. Results: Ten studies with 663 patients met with our inclusion criteria. The results indicated that both bleeding score and values of mean arterial pressure (MAP) and heart rate (HR) were significantly lower in patients receiving dexmedetomidine (SMD 1.65 with 95% CI [0.90,2.41], P<0.00001) compared to the patients receiving magnesium. The effect in decreasing the necessity of using opioid/analgesia was affirmative in dexmedetomidine group (29.13% with magnesium vs 10.78% with dexmedetomidine), and the condition was more favorable in magnesium group in reducing recovery period (SMD -1.98 with 95% CI [-4.27,0.30], P = 0.09). Compared with magnesium, using of dexmedetomidine was associated with higher incidence of bradycardia but lower incidence of nausea and vomiting. Conclusion: Compared with magnesium, dexmedetomidine is more effective to provide promising surgical field condition, favorable controlled hypotension, and less necessity of opioid or analgesia administration. But long recovery period and high-probability bradycardia should be deliberated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Laowangzhai gold deposit, located in the Ailaoshan gold belt (SW China), is hosted in various types of rocks, including in quartz porphyry, carbonaceous slate, meta‐sandstone, lamprophyre, and altered ultramafic rocks. In contrast to other wall rocks, the orebodies in altered ultramafic rocks are characterized by the occurrence of a large amount of Ni‐bearing minerals. The ore‐forming process of the orebodies hosted by altered ultramafic rocks can be divided into two stages: pyrite‐vaesite‐native gold and gersdorffite‐violarite stages. The contents of As and Sb increased during the evolution of ore‐forming fluid based on the mineral assemblages. Thermodynamic modeling of the Ni‐Cu‐As‐Fe‐S system using the SUPCRT92 software package with the updated database of slop16.dat indicates the fS2 in ore‐forming fluid decreases significantly from stage I to stage II. The decreases of fS2 due to crystallization of sulfides and fO2 due to fluid–rock reaction were responsible for ore formation in altered ultramafic rocks of the Laowangzhai gold deposit. Geological evidence, the in situ sulfur isotope values of pyrite, and the other published isotopic data suggest that the ore‐forming fluid for ultramafic rock ores was dominantly composed of evolved magmatic fluid with the important input of sediments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: ET-26 HCl is a promising sedative–hypnotic anesthetic with virtually no effect on adrenocortical steroid synthesis. However, whether or not ET-26 HCl also has a sufficiently wide safety margin and hemodynamic stability similar to that of etomidate and related compounds remains unknown. In this study, the effects of ET-26 HCl, etomidate and propofol on therapeutic index, heart rate (HR), mean arterial pressure (MAP), maximal rate for left ventricular pressure rise (Dmax/t), and maximal rate for left ventricular pressure decline (Dmin/t) were investigated in healthy rats and a rat model of uncontrolled hemorrhagic shock (UHS). Methods: 50% effective dose (ED50) and 50% lethal dose (LD50) were determined after single bolus doses of propofol, etomidate, or ET-26 HCl using the Bliss method and the up and down method, respectively. All rats were divided into either the normal group and received either etomidate, ET-26 HCl or propofol, (n = 6 per group) or the UHS group and received either etomidate, ET-26 HCl or propofol, (n = 6 per group). In the normal group, after preparation for hemodynamic and heart-function monitoring, rats were administered a dose of one of the test agents twofold-higher than the established ED50, followed by hemodynamic and heart-function monitoring. Rats in the UHS group underwent experimentally induced UHS with a target arterial pressure of 40 mmHg for 1 hour, followed by administration of an ED50 dose of one of the experimental agents. Blood-gas analysis was conducted on samples obtained during equilibration with the experimental setup and at the end of the experiment. Results: In the normal group, no significant differences in HR, MAP, Dmax/t and Dmin/t (all P > 0.05) were observed at any time point between the etomidate and ET-26 HCl groups, whereas HR, MAP and Dmax/t decreased briefly and Dmin/t increased following propofol administration. In the UHS group, no significant differences in HR, MAP, Dmax/t and Dmin/t were observed before and after administration of etomidate or ET-26 HCl at ED50 doses (all P > 0.05). Administration of propofol resulted in brief, statistically significant reductions in HR and Dmax/t, with a brief increase in Dmin/t (P ˂ 0.05), while no significant differences in MAP were observed among the three groups. The blood-lactate concentrations of rats in the ET-26 HCl group were significantly lower than those in etomidate and propofol groups (P ˂ 0.05). Conclusions: ET-26 HCl provides a similar level of hemodynamic stability to that obtained with etomidate in both healthy rats, and rat models of UHS. ET-26 HCl has the potential to be a novel induction anesthetic for use in critically ill patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Failure Mode and Effect Analysis (FMEA) is a reliability analysis technique that plays a prominent role in improving the reliability and safety of systems, products, and/or services. Although commonly used in quality improvement efforts, the conventional Risk Priority Number (RPN) method has been heavily criticized in the literature for its various limitations, such as in failure mode evaluations, risk factor weights, and RPN computation. In this article, we describe the application of an ELECTRE (ELimination Et Choix Traduisant la REalité)-based outranking approach for FMEA within the interval two-tuple linguistic environment. Considering different types of FMEA team members' assessment information, we employ a hybrid averaging operator to construct the group assessment matrix and use a modified ELECTRE method to analyze the group interval two-tuple linguistic data. Furthermore, the new risk-ranking model deals with the subjective and objective weights of risk factors concurrently, considering the degree of importance that each concept has in the risk analysis. The practicality and applicability of the proposed methodology are demonstrated by applying it to a risk evaluation problem of proton beam radiotherapy, and a comparative study is conducted to validate the effectiveness of the new FMEA approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Many studies have explored the antecedents of corporate social performance (CSP), such as institutional forces and stakeholder pressures. However, few studies examine CSP from a socio-cognitive perspective. To address this research void, this study adopts an attention-based approach to examine the relationship between managers' attention to social issues and CSP. More important, this study reports that this relationship will be moderated by governance mechanisms that constrain managerial discretion. Using a sample of Chinese listed firms, this study provides empirical support for these arguments. Therefore, our study adds new insights to the literature addressing CSP from a socio-cognitive perspective and speaks to the structural features, both inside and outside organizations, that guide managers' attention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abundant, exquisitely preserved specimens of the enigmatic tubular microfossil Megathrix longus are reported from the early Cambrian Yanjiahe Formation in the Yangtze Gorges area. Studies of their morphology and taphonomy reveal that the inner cross-wall of Megathrix longus is topographically flat, the trichome terminus is blunt and closed, and incomplete cross-walls are regularly intercalated between complete ones. The deformation of trichomes, as well as the corrugation of their cross-walls, are postmortem features caused by compaction, rather than biological features as previously interpreted. Statistical analysis indicates that chamber division is accomplished by the closure of incomplete cross-walls. This process, which contributed to trichome growth, is extremely similar to that of modern Oscillatoriaceae. Trichome fragmentation was also observed in a series of specimens, which closely resembles that of cyanobacteria, particularly the Oscillatoriaceae. The termini of Megathrix longus suggest that it was planktonic. In general, Megathrix longus bears a close affinity to the extant Oscillatoriaceae (Cyanophyta). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT Drawing on conservation of resources theory, this study examined the link between negative mentoring experiences (i.e., interpersonal problems) perceived by mentors and their work-family conflict ( WFC) by focusing on the mediating role of emotional exhaustion and the moderating role of revenge. The results of a field survey of 187 mentors in China supported all of our hypotheses, indicating that interpersonal problems perceived by mentors were positively related to their WFC. This relationship was also found to be mediated by the mentors' emotional exhaustion. In addition, revenge against protégés was found to moderate the main effect of interpersonal problems on emotional exhaustion and the indirect effect of interpersonal problems on WFC. Specifically, revenge exacerbated the positive relationship between interpersonal problems and emotional exhaustion. Further, emotional exhaustion mediated the indirect effect of interpersonal problems on WFC when the level of revenge was high, but not when it was low. The findings of this study provide insightful theoretical contributions and managerial implications that indicate new directions for research related to mentoring and work-family relationships. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Regrown quartz crystals consist of the natural section and the synthetic section grown by hydrothermal technique, which has become popular on the Chinese jewelry market in recent years. Similar gemological properties to those of natural quartz have brought challenges to gem identification and also new questions to scientific research. In this study, microstructure and spectral characteristics of the two sections of regrown quartz crystals were investigated by three dimensional computed tomography system and infrared spectroscopy. Results showed that the natural section has a higher porosity and there are also many micron- to millimeter-sized pores on the interface of the two sections. Different infrared absorption peaks of the two sections at the 3300–3600 cm−1 range were mainly attributed to the different existence state of OH groups. The distinction of microstructure and spectral characteristics between the natural and synthetic sections indicate their different growth condition. Compared with natural quartz, a relatively stable growth environment during the synthetic process leads to a lower porosity and the alkali growth solution could result in the change of the existence state of OH groups in the regrown quartz crystals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]