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Abstract This research was carried out aiming at evaluating the effects of nitrate and ammonium ions on nutrient accumulation, biochemical components and yield of Italian zucchini (cv. Caserta) grown in a hydroponic system under salt stress conditions. The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse utilizing an experimental design in randomized blocks, arranged in a 2 x 5 factorial scheme, with 4 replications. The treatments consisted of two forms of nitrogen (nitrate - NO3- and ammonium - NH4+) and 5 electrical conductivity levels of irrigation water (ECw) (0.5, 2.0, 3.5, 5.0 and 6.5 dS m-1). The analysis of the results indicated that supply of N exclusively in NH4+ form promotes greater damage to the leaf membrane and reduction in accumulation of macronutrients and higher Na+/K+, Na+/Ca++ and Na+/Mg++ ratios in the shoots of zucchini plants. Electrical conductivity of irrigation water above 2.0 dS m-1 reduces the accumulation of nutrients in shoot and yield of Italian zucchini plant. The toxicity of NH4+ under Italian zucchini plants overlap the toxicity of the salinity, since its fertilization exclusively with this form of nitrogen inhibits its production, being the NO3- form the most suitable for the cultivation of the species.

Resumo A teoria do fluxo deriva da psicologia positiva e busca explicar um estado ótimo de consciência do indivíduo. O estado de fluxo proporciona ao sujeito alta concentração e controle na realização de determinada tarefa, certo relaxamento, controle sobre a ansiedade e satisfação, oriunda do estado ótimo de consciência experienciado ao atingir o objetivo proposto pela atividade realizada. Desta forma, este estudo tem por objetivo realizar uma revisão sistemática da literatura para compreender como a teoria do fluxo vem sendo utilizada no contexto da educação e aprendizagem no Brasil. Efetuou-se uma busca por produções nas bases de dados SciELO, Index Psi, LILACS, PePSIC, PsycINFO, Biblioteca Digital Brasileira de Teses e Dissertações (BDTD) e no Portal de Periódicos da Capes. Foram encontrados 260 estudos, dos quais somente cinco atenderam aos critérios de inclusão, a saber, apresentar a teoria do fluxo como tema principal, atrelada à educação e ser um estudo realizado em contexto brasileiro. A partir dos artigos selecionados, foi possível identificar que, no Brasil, a teoria do fluxo vem sendo utilizada no ensino de música, de educação física, de línguas e na engenharia da computação, auxiliando no processo motivacional, incentivando a cooperação, a participação e o engajamento dos professores e alunos nos ambientes de ensino e aprendizagem. Apesar disso, o cenário de publicações nessa área ainda é pequeno.

In the protozoan pathogen Leishmania, endocytosis, and exocytosis occur mainly in the small area of the flagellar pocket membrane, which makes this parasite an interesting model of strikingly polarized internalization and secretion. Moreover, little is known about vesicle recognition and fusion mechanisms, which are essential for both endo/exocytosis in this parasite. In other cell types, vesicle fusion events require the activity of phospholipase A2 (PLA2), including Ca2+-independent iPLA2 and soluble, Ca2+-dependent sPLA2. Here, we studied the role of bromoenol lactone (BEL) inhibition of endo/exocytosis in promastigotes of Leishmania amazonensis. PLA2 activities were assayed in intact parasites, in whole conditioned media, and in soluble and extracellular vesicles (EVs) conditioned media fractions. BEL did not affect the viability of promastigotes, but reduced the differentiation into metacyclic forms. Intact parasites and EVs had BEL-sensitive iPLA2 activity. BEL treatment reduced total EVs secretion, as evidenced by reduced total protein concentration, as well as its size distribution and vesicles in the flagellar pocket of treated parasites as observed by TEM. Membrane proteins, such as acid phosphatases and GP63, became concentrated in the cytoplasm, mainly in multivesicular tubules of the endocytic pathway. BEL also prevented the endocytosis of BSA, transferrin and ConA, with the accumulation of these markers in the flagellar pocket. These results suggested that the activity inhibited by BEL, which is one of the irreversible inhibitors of iPLA2, is required for both endocytosis and exocytosis in promastigotes of L. amazonensis.

Dental caries is one of the most prevalent conditions in humans; the purpose of restorative dentistry is to recreate the anatomy of the affected tooth thus the use of fragments from natural teeth as an effective restorative method. A maxillary first premolar left was prepared for an inverted 4/5 crown due to involvement of the vestibular face, after prepared received an allogeneic collage with similar color and dimension. Follow-up after 12 months indicated a stable restoration. Clinically, the site was without signs of caries, migration of the fragment or marginal infiltration. Biological restoration is a viable alternative for reestablishing function and esthetics to damaged/decayed teeth and therefore, biological restoration as an alternative to other restorative options.

A superfície de porcelanatos polidos foi investigada através da Microscopia de Força Atômica (AFM). Ênfase foi dada à investigação dos parâmetros de rugosidade e brilho que estão relacionados com a evolução do processo de polimento da superfície do porcelanato. A rugosidade da superfície é uma característica que interfere em diversas propriedades de interesse do produto, às vezes negativamente, sendo interessante a aplicação de resinas poliméricas que tendem a nivelar as irregularidades superficiais. Neste sentido, devido à possibilidade de obtenção de imagens tridimensionais no AFM, foi possível realizar medidas topográficas para a obtenção dos principais parâmetros que interferem no acabamento superficial do porcelanato, de forma a contribuir para um melhor entendimento do processo de polimento nas características estéticas do produto. Os resultados obtidos revelaram que a diminuição da rugosidade ocorreu mais visivelmente nas etapas de polimento com abrasivos de grãos maiores, passando de 0,650 μm a 0,192 μm entre os estágios de grit 80 e 1000 na área de varredura de 80 x 80 μm², enquanto os abrasivos constituídos de grãos menores interferiram pouco na rugosidade superficial, sendo os principais responsáveis pelo brilho final das peças, cujo valor aumentou de 29,3 a 42,2 UB (unidades de brilho) entre os estágios de grit 800 e 1500. O recobrimento da superfície com a resina polimérica reduziu significativamente o brilho do produto, sem causar alterações bruscas na rugosidade superficial.The surface of polished porcelain stoneware tile surface was investigated through Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM). Emphasis was given to the investigation of the roughness and gloss parameters which are related with the polishing process evolution of the porcelain stoneware tile surface. The surface roughness is a characteris-tic that intervenes in different interest properties of the product, sometimes negative, being interesting the application of the polymeric resins that tends to level the surface irregularities. In this way, due to possibility of three-dimensional images attainment in AFM, topographical measures was made for the attainment to the main parameters that intervenes in finishing of porcelain stoneware tile surface, on form to contribute for a better agreement of the polishing process in the aesthetic product characteristics. The results achieved disclose that the roughness reduction occurred more visibly in the polishing stages with larger grains, going from 0.650 µm to 0.192 µm between the stages of grit 80 and 1000 in the scanning area of 80 x 80 µm², while the abrasives consisted of smaller grains intervene poorly in superficial roughness, being the main responsible for the samples final gloss, whose value increase from 29.3 to 42.2 GU (gloss units) between the stages of grit 800 and 1500. The surface covering with the polymeric resin reduced significantly the product gloss, without it causes brusque alterations in superficial roughness.

Resumo Arcabouços de óxido de titânio (TiO2) com Biosilicato® incorporado foram produzidos e avaliados com relação à porosidade e microestrutura. Arcabouços para regeneração óssea devem apresentar porosidade que favoreça o crescimento de tecidos ósseos através do material. O TiO2 é um material cerâmico altamente biocompatível com boas propriedades mecânicas e osseocondutoras, permitindo a migração do tecido ósseo sobre a interface do material, mas sem estimular a atividade das células osteogênicas que geram o tecido ósseo. Com o intuito de induzir a formação de tecido ósseo o Biosilicato®, um material com elevada bioatividade, foi incorporado à matriz cerâmica de TiO2. Para a obtenção dos macroporos foi utilizado o método de eliminação por queima, no qual partículas orgânicas são empregadas na matriz cerâmica como agentes formadores de poros, que possui a vantagem de adaptar as características dos poros do componente cerâmico final por meio da escolha apropriada do agente formador de poros. Neste trabalho foi feita uma mistura homogênea de TiO2 com serragem de cambará e posteriormente adicionou-se o Biosilicato®. Após a queima as amostras foram avaliadas pelo método de Arquimedes, para a determinação da porosidade aparente, e por microscopia eletrônica de varredura (MEV) para a visualização da morfologia dos grãos e distribuição e tamanho de poros. A etapa de queima garantiu a eliminação completa dos agentes formadores de poros e a completa sinterização do TiO2. O Biosilicato® facilitou a sinterização do TiO2 e a consolidação da matriz cerâmica. Foram obtidos arcabouços com porosidade aparente de 63% e poros com tamanhos maiores que 200 µm. Por meio da análise de MEV, observou-se a distribuição homogênea dos poros e suas interligações. Além disso, foi possível observar a distribuição do Biosilicato® entre as partículas de TiO2, sendo um caminho para o crescimento e regeneração do tecido ósseo.

RESUMO Este estudo teve como objetivo desenvolver um instrumento para analisar atitudes de mulheres acerca da permanência feminina em relacionamentos abusivos, assim como avaliar suas propriedades psicométricas (estrutura interna e relações com variáveis externas). O estudo foi realizado em duas etapas: 1. coleta das atitudes de 27 universitárias, de 18 a 42 anos (M=23,37; DP = 5,79), todas em um relacionamento amoroso; 2. elaboração, estrutura interna e relações com variáveis externas da escala desenvolvida a partir dos resultados da etapa anterior, junto a 875 mulheres, de 18 a 49 anos (M=28,35; DP=6,87), a maioria em um relacionamento amoroso, com escolaridade entre ensino médio incompleto e nível superior. Os resultados evidenciaram propriedades psicométricas adequadas para o instrumento, permitindo demonstrar que a permanência de mulheres em relacionamentos abusivos está associada diretamente às normas subjetivas, enquanto as atitudes e o controle comportamental não desempenham funções preditivas importantes.

Abstract The Crustacea Collection of the Museu Nacional/UFRJ is one of the most relevant and representative of the Brazilian crustacean fauna. Currently, it comprises around 31,000 registered lots, of which 5,435 lots belong to the order Isopoda. This paper provides an illustrated catalog of two topotype species and 34 type species of marine isopods deposited at the Crustacea Collection of Museu Nacional/UFRJ, distributed in 22 genera, 12 families and six suborders. This collection is represented by 27 lots of holotypes, 81 lots of paratypes (15 named as allotypes), and two topotypes, published mainly by authors such as Alceu Lemos de Castro and Idalina Brasil-Lima, former researchers of Museu Nacional in the 20th century. The two topotypes species were included in the catalog as they came from the same collection event as the holotype and have been historically kept as type material within the museum collection. In general, the type materials are in good condition, however, the holotype of Robustura parvula (Albuquerque, 1978) and all type material of Pseudione serejoae Brito, Cardoso and Boyko, 2018 have been lost and await the designation of neotypes. Furthermore, this catalog is part of a larger project, in an effort to improve the curation and digitization of the museum´s type collection data. By photographing the specimens and digitizing the collection specimens´ labels, we expect to improve internal management and offer free access to the data, so as to preserve and promote the museum´s collections, which guard important and unique information on world biodiversity.

The characterization of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) relies mainly on right heart catheterization (RHC). Electrical impedance tomography (EIT) provides a non-invasive estimation of lung perfusion that could complement the hemodynamic information from RHC. To assess the association between impedance variation of lung perfusion (ΔZQ) and hemodynamic profile, severity, and prognosis, suspected of PAH or worsening PAH patients were submitted simultaneously to RHC and EIT. Measurements of ΔZQ were obtained. Based on the results of the RHC, 35 patients composed the PAH group, and eight patients, the normopressoric (NP) group. PAH patients showed a significantly reduced ΔZQ compared to the NP group. There was a significant correlation between ΔZQ and hemodynamic parameters, particularly with stroke volume (SV) (r = 0.76; P < 0.001). At 60 months, 15 patients died (43%) and 1 received lung transplantation; at baseline they had worse hemodynamics, and reduced ΔZQ when compared to survivors. Patients with low ΔZQ (≤154.6%.Kg) presented significantly worse survival (P = 0.033). ΔZQ is associated with hemodynamic status of PAH patients, with disease severity and survival, demonstrating EIT as a promising tool for monitoring patients with pulmonary vascular disease.

The pathophysiological mechanisms underlying chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH) are still unclear. Endothelial cell (EC) remodeling is believed to contribute to this pulmonary disease triggered by thrombus and hemodynamic forces disbalance. Recently, we showed that HSP70 levels decrease by proatherogenic shear stress. Molecular chaperones play a major role in proteostasis in neurological, cancer and inflammatory/ infectious diseases. To shed light on microvascular responses in CTEPH, we characterized the expression of molecular chaperones and annexin A2, a component of the fibrinolytic system. There is no animal model that reproduces microvascular changes in CTEPH, and this fact led us to isolated endothelial cells from patients with CTEPH undergoing pulmonary endarterectomy (PEA). We exposed CTEPH-EC and control human pulmonary endothelial cells (HPAEC) to high- (15 dynes/cm2) or low- (5 dynes/cm2) shear stress. After high-magnitude shear stress HPAEC upregulated heat shock protein 70kDa (HSP70) and the HSP ER paralogs 78 and 94kDa glucose-regulated protein (GRP78 and 94), whereas CTEPH-ECs failed to exhibit this response. At static conditions, both HSP70 and HSP90 families in CTEPH-EC are decreased. Importantly, immunohistochemistry analysis showed that HSP70 expression was downregulated in vivo, and annexin A2 was upregulated. Interestingly, wound healing and angiogenesis assays revealed that HSP70 inhibition with VER-155008 further impaired CTEPH-EC migratory responses. These results implicate HSP70 as a novel master regulator of endothelial dysfunction in type 4 PH. Overall, we first show that global failure of HSP upregulation is a hallmark of CTEPH pathogenesis and propose HSP70 as a potential biomarker of this condition.

Although demonstrated as a selective anticancer drug, the clinical use of clotrimazole (CTZ) is limited due to its low solubility in hydrophilic fluids. Thus, we prepared a water-soluble nanomicellar formulation of CTZ (nCTZ) and tested on the human breast cancer cell line MCF-7 biology.CTZ was nanoencapsulated in tween 80 micelles, which generated nanomicelles of, approximately, 17 nm of diameter. MCF-7 cells were treated with nCTZ and unencapsulated DMSO-solubilized drug (sCTZ) was used for comparison. After treatment, the cells were evaluated in terms of metabolism, proliferation, survival and structure. We found that nCTZ was more efficient than sCTZ at inhibiting glycolytic and other cytosolic and mitochondrial enzymes. Moreover, this increased activity was also observed for lactate production, intracellular ATP content, ROS production and antioxidant potential. As a consequence, nCTZ-treated MCF-7 cells displayed alterations to the plasma membrane, mitochondria and the nucleus. Finally, nCTZ induced both apoptosis and necrosis in MCF-7 cells.MCF-7 cells are more sensible to nCTZ than to sCTZ. This was especially evident on regard to antioxidant potential, which is an important cell defense against drugs that affect cell metabolism. Moreover, this water-soluble formulation of CTZ strengths its potential use as an anticancer medicine.