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The availability of digitised cultural heritage content held by archives and other memory institutions improves their visibility, facilitate and increases access to information, allowing new kinds of research of digital heritage, namely Digital Humanities. This study intends to report how Municipal Archives of mainland Portugal are ensuring access to their digitized cultural heritage content. For this purpose, an analysis was held to collect data about online catalogues with digital objects linked to the archival description in 278 Municipal Archives of mainland Portugal. The data revealed that the openness of the primary information sources preserved by the municipal archives, which can be reused by all those who need them and particularly by digital humanists, is still in infancy.

The development of the information society and of the new digital technologies has introduced significant alterations within the framework of the copyrights, mainly, in the creation and diffusion of the intellectual properties and within the role played by Libraries in regards to the availability of those works to the public. These changes have brought some modifications to the provisions laid down by law concerning the Copyrights, be it at international, national or community level. We will point out the limitations and exceptions of the Copyrights, which can be found under laws and that, are an advantage to Libraries, in the fifteen older Member States of the European Union

Information is an essential resource to the functioning and survival of organizations. In order for organizations to compete in a global environment, with rapid changes, where they move nowadays, they need to obtain information that’ll allow them to innovate and acquire competitive advantages in the markets they operate in. Scientific and technical information associated to Industrial Property – Patent Information - can provide further competitiveness through the transfer of technology that it motivates and is of vital economic importance due to the innovation that it stimulates. After analysing several Indicators, National and International Studies, we realized that Portugal is not using the resources of the Industrial Property’s records in a satisfactory way, not taking advantage of its benefits. The data published shows that university research centres are not living up to their full potential when it comes to using this type of information since it could, when due integrated into research projects, motivate innovation, provide competitive advantages, and increase the number of IP records. This could lead to an increase of the number of new companies and to economic growth. We support that a coherent and effective use of Patent Digital Libraries that contain information resulting from R&D activities with industrial applications can contribute to the increase of creativity and support problem- solving in research, developing innovation through the resulting new products and processes. This research attempts to answer the question about the relationship between the degree of knowledge and level of usage of Patent Digital Libraries by research centres in Portugal and their contribution to the innovation process. The hypothesis to validate is that University Research Centres that know and use the information in the PDL are more innovative since they contribute with more patents and they generate more new products and processes, giving birth to more spin-offs with industrial applications.

For researchers it is crucial to have access to scientific information. However, there are barriers to access this information that must be overcome. This is not a problem that affects only developing countries. The United Kingdom, United States, Canada and Australia are, among others, the most active in setting up institutional or thematic repositories as a complementary way to have access and disseminate the scientific information, which is essential to potentiate its impact. This study pretends to show the approach and methodology used on the case study for the implementation of an institutional repository at the University of Coimbra.

This study addresses the structured abstract as a resource in the dissemination of scientific production of Health Sciences and aims to examine the key documents that guide its design and verify the coincidence between the discourse and the practice of this type of resume in the analysed area. This is a qualitative approach, formalised in two strategies: (i) selective review of the literature in the United States, including the ANSI / NISO Z39.14-1997 and the principles established by the Ad Hoc Working Group for Critical Appraisal of the Medical Literature, International Committee of Medical Journal Editors and the National Library of Medicine, (ii) and a case study regarding the application of the structured abstract of Health Sciences current titles in SciELO Portugal, focused on the "Instructions to authors" and issues published in the first and last available years. The main results show a reasonable application of the structured format in the set of original and review articles (47,91%) published in the last analysed year, highlighting the performance of two titles (20%) which reached values between 90 and 100%. In all of the clinical trials published in the same period, the application of the structured abstract is less expressive (28,84%), highlighting the performance of two titles (33,33%), by the total compliance with this aspect. As main conclusion, we recommend greater involvement of editors and referees in this process, whether to include a structured abstract in the instructions to authors, either to look after their application in manuscripts accepted for publication.

Our study focuses on public libraries which constitute an essential component of teaching and research and has as objective the analysis of the level of knowledge of documentation professionals about copyright law and its degree of awareness of this issue. It was based on an online survey that was sent to all public libraries of Mainland Portugal and the autonomous regions of the Azores and Madeira. Took contact with the reality of their own libraries on the subject of copyright and we have identified the problems in this area. Documentation professionals in Portugal reveal, with some exceptions, few knowledge on the issue of copyright and the legislation that regulates. This lack of knowledge about copyright manifests itself in a negative way the development of their professional activity and implies an inadequate reconciliation of the interests of the parties involved, on the one hand the right-holders and users.

Information, along with natural and economic resources, proves to be an unprecedented strategic tool in identifying new market opportunities and the prevention of potential threats to the enterprises. The importance of information is now universally accepted and is a resource whose management influences the success of organizations. Being knowledge the leverage to innovation and key to competitiveness, we analyze the role that information sources from industrial property play in this process and consequently on economic growth. This research attempts to answer the question about the relationship between the degree of knowledge and level of usage of patent information by research centres in Portugal and their contribution to the innovation process. The work’s hypothesis, that we tried to validate, is that university research centres that know and use patent information are more innovative since they contribute with more patents and they generate more new products and processes, giving birth to more spin-offs for its industrial application. Interview surveys were conducted to three industrial property support offices, one official agent of industrial property, two business incubators (Porto and Aveiro), one company, three librarians and five researchers to prepare adequately the questionnaire survey applied to 3.819 researchers from 173 research centres of the public higher education (universities and polytechnics) from all scientific areas of Science, Technology and Medicine. After reviewing the responses to these surveys, it appears that researchers that refer to this resource – although underutilized and ignoring its main benefits – have greater number of patents requested and assigned, license more technologies and do not develop many existing and patented technologies, which indicates the advantages of using this type of information.

This paper aims to characterize the academic profile of the faculty of Postgraduate Programs in Information Science (PPGCI) and related areas in Brazil. It is a bibliographic and documental research carried out at the site of the National Association for Research and Postgraduate Studies in Information Science (ANCIB) in order to identify existing PPGCI. To establish the teacher`s names was held a survey on the websites of respective Programs. The survey allowed us to determine the presence of 218 teachers in the 15 PPGCI and 59 on the Programs of the related areas, working until December 31, 2012. CVs housed on CNPq Lattes Platform were analyzed to determine the academic training of teachers. To preserve the data integrity, the nomenclature used in the curriculum was maintained, although some variations on terminology for the same training were perceived.

This is a study of the behavior, preferences and level of satisfaction of the academic communities of the Universities of Coimbra, Porto and Leon in relation to the use of electronic journals.With this aim, data and opinions from faculty undertaking research in differents fields of knowledge were gathered during surveys carried out in 2012. Frequent, intense use was noted, this being fundamentally directed towards research tasks. The average number of articles consulted per year was considerable, with clear differences being visible between the fields of Humanities, Social Sciences and Life and Health Sciences. The number of journal titles consulted regularly by faculty was found to be an average of almost ten, results that exceed the threshold found in other works

It refers to the hybrid publishing context in which there is a coexistence of electronic and print processes, and to the role played by Information and Communication Technologies. This scenario is conditioned by technical, morphological and cultural transformations, in the words of Roger Chartier, and represents a singular moment to observe the book and its construction processes, valuing it in its various embodiments and contexts. In order to study these issues, we defined three goals: (i) analysis of the current design production of books, (ii) comparative analysis of traditional publishing and hybrid publishing, (iii) characterization of the communication and information flows of existing hybrid publishing scenarios. To do so, we adopted qualitative research tools, with a study of written sources and content analysis. This procedure allowed us to conclude that the publishing industry is making major investments (in what concerns organization and capital) in implementing hybrid publishing schemes. Nevertheless, there is still a lack of adequacy of design programs in this scenario. This adaptation involves a redirection of the focus of the design program, not to controlling the final shape of the object (book), but to regulating it. This procedure can only be possible with a dynamic information flow in which the editorial subject is flexible and built inside a participatory scheme by the various agents.

Through a survey on Portuguese libraries we have made contact with the reality of the proper libraries on the thematic one of the copyrights and identified the existing problems in this domain. In this article we will make reference to reference the public and private university libraries that are one essential component of education and the inquiry. Information professionals in Portugal reveal, with rare exceptions, many scarce knowledge about copyright and legislation that regulates. This lack of knowledge about copyright adversely affects professional performance and prevents an adequate balance between the interests of the parties involved: holders on the one hand and users, on the other.

With the advent of the Internet, there was a need for libraries to mark their Web presence and expand the provision of their services in the virtual environment, enabling the online research catalog and the availability of content through digital libraries. Currently, content management systems (CMS) facilitate the administration of the entire process of content management, from creation to publication. Gradually, libraries have also been using these tools as a means of providing information services, the activities or the dissemination of new bibliographic to the users. However, with the emergence of the social component of the Web, commonly referred to as Web 2.0, libraries are faced with new behaviors of users. This work demonstrates the contribution of content management systems in information management in academic libraries, in order to satisfy the information needs of users. As a case study presents the application of Drupal as a tool for management of information resources portal of the Serviços de Biblioteca e Documentação da Faculdade de Letras da Universidade de Coimbra, allowed to expand services to the academic community.

An infocommunicational phenomenon can be clearly seen on the Internet Social Networks (ISN). The new behavior in network confirms changes in the socialization enhanced by mobile access in digital platforms. Based on this, the paper aimed to understand the theory of Information Behavior (IB) to support an investigation with users of ISN. These theoretical discussions were held in light of the emerging paradigm called the Post-Custodial, Informational and Scientific. This is an exploratory study, therefore a theoretical one, which brings together some terms and examples of Web 2.0. The discussion in this article criticized a 1) IB and Post-Custodial Paradigm's evidence, 2) Post-Custodial Paradigm and a new professional panorama and 3) IB and Information Competencies. The preliminaries outcomes showed that the research’s field focused on Information Seeking Behavior and permits to undertake a research on other IB facets of ISN.

Patent Information allows economic benefits and competitiveness by the innovation and technology transfer that promotes. The published data from reports and indicators shows that university research centers are not using it properly. We defend that the use of patent information can promote innovative new products and processes. We analyze the relations between the knowledge and effective use of patent information by the academic research centers and its contribution to the innovation process, as showed in the number of new products and processes developed, new patents filled and obtained, and the number of new companies developed to exploit those inventions. Based on a questionnaire to the 173 research centers we compare the results with the data published and conclude about the use given to these information sources.

Information is a major resource to the functioning and survival of organizations. Today, in the top of value creation we find the intangible assets based on information and knowledge. In the actual economy, richness is created based on value from knowledge and innovative ideas. Organizations need information to compete in the global environment, to innovate and obtain competitive advantages in their activities. There are about 350 academic research units financed by the Science and Technology Foundation (STF) of the Science, Technology and Superior Education. The grants depend on external evaluation. This work paper analyzes and characterizes the academic research centers with special focus on Science, Technology and Medicine. Those are the principal creators of scientific and technical knowledge in Portugal, pushing business creation and being engines of social and economical development. We checked the data regarding 2007 evaluation from the STF and developed a questionnaire to understand the information sources used in R&D in Portugal. We found that Internet and WWW became the principal platform to access information by researchers, except for technical books that continue to be preferred in paper format.

The research developed had the purpose to verify the influence of the Open Access in library and information science community of the Federal Universities of the Northeast Region of Brazil in order to answer the following question: What are the effects/consequences that the “green road” and the “golden road” of dissemination of information bring to scientific communication? To this purpose, the method applied combined the qualitative and quantitative approaches. To collect data we used questionnaires and interviews. In this article, we will show the results of the inquiry applied to teachers of library and information science courses from the Northeast Region of Brazil that will be approached in this work show clearly the impact of the OA in Brazil and, in a very specific way, in the academic communities mentioned above.

The publication of BOAI (Budapest Open Access Iniative), in 2002, outlined a strategic model for the free access to scientific information, enhancing the goal of Open Access, through two complementary pathways of movement: the golden road, with the publication in journals free access and greenway, through self-archiving in repositories. The green approach has the main purpose of ensuring that the work produced by the authors, in the preprint and / or postprint form, is widely distributed, and hence mentioned. In this process, the authors, by adhering to a system that gives them greater visibility, because of his work can be read by the scientific community and the general public, boost the citation impact.

The communication of science is a process of communication between peers, but includes other functions , as it is indeed not only a result, but an interactive process in which knowledge is communicated , used and developed in a community ( Kling , McKim , 1999). The science communication is also linked to the system of rewards or ' exchange theory ' Hagstrom : " the scientific papers ( which we call the 'contributions' ) are gifts ( gifts) of scientists that science repay ( reward ) with professional recognition . This consideration is a motivational stimulus for new contributions and thus chains an accumulator system of reciprocity that many scientists as science benefit " ( Santos , 1977:204 ) . Publication of results means , among other things, the registration of public and official knowledge and validation of materials and scientific areas of study and gives the researcher the public recognition for the discovery . The magazines are included in this evaluation system , serving not only to communicate and disseminate the science , but also to evaluate research , the scientific community and its interests . Researchers are rewarded - career development , financing their projects , scientific awards , etc. . - By their scientific productivity , the indicators are quantitative and qualitative , usually associated with the number of citations . Make publicly accessible scientific work should be the interest to the researcher , since not being sufficient for quotation condition , and yet necessary, because to be quoted and necessary read.

In this study, we worked in collaboration with ninety-seven Proof-of-Concept (PoC) practitioners in the development and execution of thirty different activities to map PoC practices and their relationships. Adopting a practitioner and designer mindsets, we used a Design Science Research approach to model PoC practices and their interactions, apply and study the model influence in practitioners understanding of context. We identified how practitioners incorporated model concepts and discovered interactions between practices, fostering their co-evolution. As practitioners, we framed practices in the context of activity systems, grounded in sociotechnical phenomena and used Activity Theory to substantiate our reflections on PoC practices and map mediators flowing between them. The paper contributes a conceptual-relational PoC practices context model, as a language contribution to improve reflection on practice, and to further enable the study the role of emergent practices in system design. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Web is the privileged place for seeking information. The potential of the so-called semantic web to enhance retrieval of relevant information seems essential. In Information Science (IS), this idea was developed from the Otlet’s “analogic semantic web”, justifying the connection between the Semantic Web (SW) and the field of IS. We aimed to exam and analyze the presence of subjects related to SW in the output of IS master and PhD courses in Portugal and Brazil (2005-2015). Specifically, we aimed to: identify IS courses, master's dissertations (MD) and PhD thesis (PD) associated to SW; identify the points of confluence between the IS and the SW in these works; characterize the academic profile of these works’ authors and advisors. Based on a qualitative approach, we performed a literature review and an empirical study focused on content analysis of the retrieved works (RCAAP and OASISbr). As results, we have: verified 4 unique records in RCAAP and 40 in OASISbr; identified 4 Master’s and 3 PhD courses (Portugal) and 16 masters and 9 PhD courses (Brazil); retrieved no MD/PD in Portugal, 16 MD and 5 PD in Brazil; identified 3 confluence points: a) mutual contribution (62%), b) WS as an interdisciplinary theme (29%) and c) complementary knowledge (9%); identified 11 works (52%) were the respective researchers have training in IS and Computer Science (CS). The study points to the WS as a field of investigation in IS, although essentially theoretical, insofar as practical interdisciplinary works in CI/CS are incipient and not representative.

This paper reviews the study and use of the Wikipedia category system in the scientific research, adopting a systematic literature review approach, but considering the qualitative review of the content of a set of selected papers. Several types of work are identified, depending on the intrinsic study of the category system, or its use as a tool for the analysis of other documentary corpus other than Wikipedia. We conclude that the system of categories offers a valid classification scheme for different approaches and studies on the organization of knowledge in multiple contexts.

The research is focused on the new contexts of teaching, which are centred on the accessibility of information and building of collective knowledge. The Social Web, as a contemporary concept materialized by electronic information resources and content sharing channels, has making changes on the social behavior, use and production of information. In Social Web context, we identify a tendency towards the fragmentation of information, caused by new patterns of use of information, which can be identified by behaviors of search, production, dissemination and use. Identified in the media as a «one to many» social service and represented by channels of sharing content like micro-blogging, social networks and wikis, the main feature of the Social Web is its immediate return, which can express personal experiences and opinions, providing a better and faster processing of information (cognition), its (re)use and changes. In this paper, we start with the differentiation of two key concepts involved in the retrieval of information: to find and to discover, and we compare two theories: the Doctrine of Intentionality and the Long Tail. The Doctrine of Intentionality is understood as a subject-object relationship, the act of conscience that a person performs with an intentional objective, and used in the fragmented infocomunicacional phenomenon as a method to judge value and improve quality. The Long Tail, which applied to folksonomias leads to the serendipity, a pleasurable discovery of unexpected things are the center of learning. By other words, it is the representation that an intentional object awakens in the subject, the metadada for the findability compared to the folksonomies for the serendipity. In line with the behavior of search and use, the Social Web shapes a new conception of classroom, breaking barriers of space and time, so that the education becomes continued, not being interrupted every semester, where the knowledge may expands through collaborative writing, «perpetual beta». The folksonomy, in contrast to the taxonomy, is a categorization based on collaboration, where key words are freely chosen by users, reflecting the vocabulary of users, without previous control, as in taxonomy. Furthermore, due to the the judgement of value of the the Doctrine of Intentionality, qualitative contributions will be shared, that may increase the dissemination and production of scientific knowledge, and enhance the processing and enrichment of specialized information. With the support of services for making comments, content sharing and tagging, the user uses a kind of reliable information and interacts through the concepts of social web. Through these concepts and the combining of information, any content management service may have information about the types of use, interaction and production of tags. Thus, this service also may include information on trends of use of information. These results may shape the information services of today and tomorrow.

Digital special library highlights the need for specialized terminology use and for classification tools that allows establishing a connection of this terminology between specialists and non- specialists users. Content organization and the terminology to access information constitute a difficulty either for user or information manager because of information amount and variety. Scientific and technical information plays a role of border line and of development on information access. From the question of how to improve access to technical and scientific information in digital library, we present a frame perspective and synergy between Information Science, Terminology and Knowledge Engineering, to prepare a work methodology for controlled vocabularies of scientific and technical information.

In recent years the area of school libraries has known an important development as a research domain. The consolidation of the School Libraries Network, launched in 1996 and currently covering a large majority of schools / groups of schools, has facilitated a more incisive and analytical eye on this new reality in Portugal. As a pedagogical structure within the school, the coordination of the school library requires particularly knowledge in both fields of Education and Information Science. So, this is also a field of study which makes essential that an alliance between Information Science and the area of Education must take place. The onset of masters courses, with School Libraries as an object of study (preferred or complement), has also created the preconditions for developing a more focused and specific research. These are the main points we propose to address, reflecting on the most productive intersections in these two areas, their points of contact and divergence, the paradigms of research involved and the limitations presented by the Portuguese set, which is still emerging in these fields of research.

The European credit transfer system (ECTS) has had a profound change on education policies. The educational model pursued by Bologna is based on the student’s work, focusing on learning and not on teaching. The ‘teaching load’ is substituted by ‘academic activity’, witch includes: lecturing, organization, and monitoring. This new methodology implies the permanent use of library collections, access to network services and resources, and a great variety of learning material. Although libraries support teaching and research, they transformed themselves into a space for creating materials geared at training/information, complementing the demands of the new study plans. Libraries, as information resource platforms and under the advice of qualified and experienced personnel, are decisive in implementing the learning model underlying the ECT: autonomous work spaces; bibliographic and documental resources; virtual document research networks in various formats; tutoring; services, and user training. An authentic revolution is witnessed insofar as the knowledge transfer process, duo to ICT influence, leading to the need to create CRAIs (Centros de Recursos de Apoio à Investigação; Research Support Resource Centres). These centres integrate new information and communication resources and reconvert the roles of the different real and virtual actors within the learning process. CRAI may play an active role in complying with the higher learning institutions strategic objectives, making their infrastructures suitable for new teaching methodologies, for virtual teaching as a complement to teaching ‘in person’. The survival of organizations implies boosting investment in specialization and in changes within the organizations to answer user needs. Assessment of the pertinence of these investment and their use and benefits for the community of users is input which we intend to mention and characterise. Good practices, which should be evaluated by institutions when CRAI is implemented within their information units, will be presented in a systematized manner.

In the last 20 years there have been big changes in the Portuguese academic libraries services as academic libraries over the world. These changes include the adoption of automatic catalogues and the electronic access to bibliographic data bases and scientific journals in full text. Nowadays physical and digital sources are together. Professors, students and researchers are able to access simultaneous to a great amount of quality information pay and open access. The Portuguese Government has been investing to improve the access to the production of knowledge so as to develop the country. It is important to know the return on the investments in university libraries. The purpose of this paper is to identify the impact of the electronic sources in the Portuguese academic libraries. This paper describes an ongoing project to assess: •The use of electronic scientific information and the correlation to the scientific production of the Portuguese academic community according to standard performance measures indicators and bibliometrics data. •The economic value of these library services. In order to estimate in monetary terms the value of these services for end-users we use the contingent valuation method (CVM).This study reports the results of a quantitative e-survey of academic community.

This article’s main goal is to analyze the editorial and publishing practices on 43 scientific Portuguese magazines on Social Sciences, based upon the declarations published on the pages of the studied magazines. This study expresses a research of the level of accomplishment achieved by these magazines of international normative parameters regarding the publishing of articles in periodic publications, in order to establish a profile of these magazines and take a first step to improve their editorial quality, considering that normalization is truly an indispensable factor to assure the success on the process of scientific information transfer. First, the study evaluates the magazines by examining the accomplishment of the 58 normative parameters provided by the magazine to their authors. Then, in order to identify more accurately the Peer Review Policies of the magazines under study, inquiries were sent to the 43 directors of these publications so they could perform their own self evaluation. The common profile of these magazines is that they have an adult target, most of them are sponsored by universities, they are mainly published in Lisbon, with a wide range of periodicity (semester/trimester) and they reflect a considerable gap between their practices and the instructions given to the authors. In general, these magazines do not conform to the international norms of periodical publications’ publishing and they show a low level of normative quality on their editorial process. The normalization level achieved in the 58 analyzed parameters on the 43 Portuguese magazines is 28%. Therefore, this study ends suggesting a series of measures that can improve the magazine’s normative quality, leading them to a new life cycle: the improvement of professional skills and internationalization.