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Alternative measures of "confirmation" or "evidential support" have been proposed to express the impact of ascertaining one event on the credibility of another. We report an experiment that compares the adequacy of several such measures as descriptions of confirmation judgment in a probabilistic context.

The research presented here investigates the interaction between acute exercise, biological sex and risk-taking behavior. The study involved 20 amateur athletes (19-33 years old), 10 males and 10 females, who were asked to undergo subsequent experimental sessions designed to compare their risky behaviors on the Balloon Analogue Risk Task (BART) [34] at rest and while exercising at moderate intensity (60% of their maximal aerobic power). Results showed that physical exercise affected male and female participants differently: Whereas males became more risk seeking, females became more risk averse during exercise. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We perform a comparative experimental and theoretical study of the temperature dependence up to 700 K of the frequency and linewidths of the graphite Elu and E2goptical phonons (~1590 and 1580 cm-1) by infrared (IR) and Raman spectroscopy. Despite their similar character, the temperature dependence of the two modes is quite different, e.g., the frequency shift of the IR-active E2g mode is almost twice as big as that of the Raman-active E2g mode. Ab initio calculations of the anharmonic properties are in remarkable agreement with measurements and explain the observed behavior. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The quest for materials capable of realizing the next generation of electronic and photonic devices continues to fuel research on the electronic, optical and vibrational properties of graphene. Few-layer graphene (FLG) flakes with less than ten layers each show a distinctive band structure. Thus, there is an increasing interest in the physics and applications of FLGs. Raman spectroscopy is one of the most useful and versatile tools to probe graphene samples. Here, we uncover the interlayer shear mode of FLGs, ranging from bilayer graphene (BLG) to bulk graphite, and suggest that the corresponding Raman peak measures the interlayer coupling. This peak scales from ~43?cm?1 in bulk graphite to ~31?cm?1 in BLG. Its low energy makes it sensitive to near-Dirac point quasiparticles. Similar shear modes are expected in all layered materials, providing a direct probe of interlayer interactions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, within an ab initio density functional framework, we study the charge rearrangement in chemisorption of an isolated atom on a simple metal surface described by jellium. We focus our attention on the electron localization function (ELF) and illustrate how this function can complement the total charge density contour plots for the understanding of chemisorption. The ELF of Li, Cl, Si, and Fe adatoms are discussed. In all such cases the ELF shows itself as a wealthier, more immediate and visually informative pattern of the charge rearrangement. By varying the atom-surface distance of Fe, the formation of the chemisorption bond and the role played by the majority and the minority spin populations are discussed. © 2000 American Institute of Physics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this letter the core-core-valence Auger transitions of an atomic impurity, both in bulk or adsorbed on a jellium-like surface, are computed within a DFT framework. The Auger rates calculated by the Fermi golden rule are compared with those determined by an approximate and simpler expression. This is based on the local density of states (LDOS) with a core hole present, in a region around the impurity nucleus. Different atoms, Na and Mg, solids, Al and Ag, and several impurity locations are considered. We obtain an excellent agreement between KL1V and KL23V rates worked out with the two approaches. The radius of the sphere in which we calculate the LDOS is the relevant parameter of the simpler approach. Its value only depends on the atomic species regardless of the location of the impurity and the type of substrate. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]