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This research investigates the influence of printing parameters and different materials on the geometrical and dimensional deviations of Fused Deposition Modelling (FDM) additive manufacturing. Using the Taguchi method, experiments with four factors are designed: print layer height, printing material, printing speed, and nozzle size, employing an L9 orthogonal array. Deviations in flatness, perpendicularity, parallelism, cylindricity, spherical form, and surface roughness of 3D-printed parts are evaluated. The results reveal that print speed and nozzle size significantly affect flatness and surface roughness, while layer height and material influence perpendicularity and parallelism deviations. Notably, nozzle size critically impacts cylindricity and spherical form deviations. Our study demonstrates that lower printing speed, smaller nozzle diameter, and reduced layer height are not universally optimal; instead, parameter adjustments based on specific geometrical requirements and part orientation are necessary. These findings are essential for improving the accuracy and quality of FDM-printed parts, supporting their broader application in precision manufacturing industries.

Floods are natural disasters that cause damage, loss of life, and economic problems throughout the world. Part of these losses can be minimized with the help of different methodologies and tools used to prepare simulations, analyses, and data monitoring to predict such phenomena in time. The metropolitan area of Cluj-Napoca, Romania, is the study area of this paper and it is located in Floresti, the largest rural settlement in Romania. In this area, changes in urbanization, land use, and the expansion of urban areas in a chaotic mode represent a problem. This study focuses on an area prone to flooding due to its proximity to the Somes River. Previous events of this type have caused economic losses that must be considered. This approach combines photogrammetric methods for obtaining data from the field with topographical methods for establishing control points and GIS methods for data processing, modeling, and simulation to obtain the necessary data for flood prevention and intervention.

Brownfields are a real problem which affects the urban appearance of cities and the quality of life of their inhabitants. In Romania, industrial areas were mainly concentrated on the outskirts of large cities, in the immediate vicinity of residential areas. With the closing of factories and the additional population of the big cities, there was a need for expansion of residential areas with a social-economic function. This paper proposes a case study from the classical surveying measurement equipment (GNSS—Global Navigation Satellite System and TS—Total Station) for land use planning of brownfield regeneration projects. The chosen area is in the northwest part of Romania, in Cluj-Napoca, where a former brick factory was closed, leaving behind unaesthetic and unused land. In this paper, it is suggested that a better understanding of the way in which UAV—Unmanned Aerial Vehicle—aerial photogrammetry can contribute to providing information for the design and development of this area. In addition, this study confirms the advantages of effective and practical use of the obtained geospatial information for the design of a residential complex in the studied area, a complex proposed as a sustainable alternative to the former industrial area. Observation and analysis of the differences between the two topo-geodetic works were carried out with the help of UAV technology, such as GNSS—Global Navigation Satellite System and TS—Total Station technology, respectively, to create a topographic plan, level curves, and 3D models made of the building in the study area.

This research investigates the influence of printing parameters and different materials on the geometrical and dimensional deviations of Fused Deposition Modelling (FDM) additive manufacturing. Using the Taguchi method, experiments with four factors are designed: print layer height, printing material, printing speed, and nozzle size, employing an L9 orthogonal array. Deviations in flatness, perpendicularity, parallelism, cylindricity, spherical form, and surface roughness of 3D-printed parts are evaluated. The results reveal that print speed and nozzle size significantly affect flatness and surface roughness, while layer height and material influence perpendicularity and parallelism deviations. Notably, nozzle size critically impacts cylindricity and spherical form deviations. Our study demonstrates that lower printing speed, smaller nozzle diameter, and reduced layer height are not universally optimal; instead, parameter adjustments based on specific geometrical requirements and part orientation are necessary. These findings are essential for improving the accuracy and quality of FDM-printed parts, supporting their broader application in precision manufacturing industries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sharing economy represent a complex concept that is intensively debated in the last decade. Proposes an economic model based on collaborative consumption and four different layers: circulation of goods, increased utilization of durable assets, exchange of services, and sharing of productive assets. The present article wants to investigate how Romanian consumers relate to a carpooling application - BlaBlaCar. Consumer perceptions are measured in a quantitative research as an online field survey addressed to users of the BlaBlaCar platform who have completed at least 3 trips in the past 2 months. The results of the research are discussed and analyzed not only from the point of view of factors that are determining the consumption decision for this kind of services but from the point of view of future implications regarding consumption social models and the development of sharing economy and collaborative consumption within the context of Romanian economy. The findings are showing that a large part of educated, young and middle age consumers from the urban area with medium to large incomes are embracing on a wide scale a new model of consumption, which is characterized by the sharing of resources, intense social engagement and a new type of free transactions.

Agricultural land is one of the main resources for the development of rural communities and the peripheries of urban centres. An area of 936 km2, belonging to Intercommunity Association for Development Alba-Iulia, Transylvania region, Romania, was analysed in order to identify suitable land for agricultural use. This approach represents the stage preceding the identification of crops favourability for agricultural land, thus reducing the time and resources needed for the proper land evaluation mark. The extension of suitable surfaces for agricultural crops was realized using a GIS model based on spatial analysis, taking into account morphometric parameters (slope, altitude, slope orientation, the density of fragmentation) and the risk factors (probability of landslides, flooding, temperature and rainfall). The outcome of the case study was an agricultural land suitability map of the investigated area, which provides valuable information regarding areas suitable for crops. By applying this model, a better management of agricultural lands can be assured, representing an alternative to the classic method of evaluation marks. The proposed model was validated by comparing the results with the grades of crop suitability, method achieved through the land evaluation mark.

The paper presents an investigation on the conditions for implementing a methanation membrane decarbonator coupled to an energy installation that generates flue gases. The retention of the carbon dioxide content in the flue gases and its conversion to methane is envisaged. For start, low thermal power installations, employing natural gas as main fuel supply, are considered. Internal combustion engines (also working with natural gas fuel) are taken into account for the testing of the carbon dioxide retention process. For this, a classification of the flue gas composition by fuel categories is initially carried out. The decarbonation efficiency is defined and clarifications are made withal regarding the connection between the decarbonation installation and the energy plant. The first practical achievements are also presented, resulting from a decarbonator with a volume of 940 cm3 (having the inner diameter of 12 cm and a height of 50 cm). The results prove that the proposed solution has great potential for practical applications, further research being however necessary. In terms of operating costs (including hydrogen consumption), it is remarked that they can be reduced by exploiting the methane production and eliminating the carbon tax, extending the integration perspective form economic point of view.

Transition type fittings are components often used in facilities where fluids are transported that allow the passage from a high density polyethylene (HDPE) pipe to a steel pipe. In the presented studies, four types of transition fittings were analyzed in the first stage. The four types of transition fittings are distinguished by the shape of their welded steel construction. The performed analyses took into account testing the behavior upon exposure to fatigue, measuring the HDPE hardness and applying the finite element method (FEM). As a result of these studies it was demonstrated that the form of the welded steel construction has a very great influence on the operating behavior of the transition fitting. Thus, a new transition fitting with a welded steel construction was designed. In this new type of transition fitting, an approximately 50% increase in resistance to fatigue stress, an approximately 90% reduction in stress in the part material and a reduction in the hardness of the material in HDPE pipes was obtained. The studies allow not only an improvement of the characteristics for these types of parts, but also the optimization of other types of steel-plastic joints.

The purpose of this paper is to explain the need for collaboration and to investigate the obstacles in collaborative engineering. The first part is about defining the term collaboration. The second part focuses on the information outside the domain of engineering which could prove to be valuable to this field as well. The final part shows different obstacles in collaborative engineering.

Brownfields are a real problem which affects the urban appearance of cities and the quality of life of their inhabitants. In Romania, industrial areas were mainly concentrated on the outskirts of large cities, in the immediate vicinity of residential areas. With the closing of factories and the additional population of the big cities, there was a need for expansion of residential areas with a social-economic function. This paper proposes a case study from the classical surveying measurement equipment (GNSS—Global Navigation Satellite System and TS—Total Station) for land use planning of brownfield regeneration projects. The chosen area is in the northwest part of Romania, in Cluj-Napoca, where a former brick factory was closed, leaving behind unaesthetic and unused land. In this paper, it is suggested that a better understanding of the way in which UAV—Unmanned Aerial Vehicle—aerial photogrammetry can contribute to providing information for the design and development of this area. In addition, this study confirms the advantages of effective and practical use of the obtained geospatial information for the design of a residential complex in the studied area, a complex proposed as a sustainable alternative to the former industrial area. Observation and analysis of the differences between the two topo-geodetic works were carried out with the help of UAV technology, such as GNSS—Global Navigation Satellite System and TS—Total Station technology, respectively, to create a topographic plan, level curves, and 3D models made of the building in the study area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Floods are natural disasters that cause damage, loss of life, and economic problems throughout the world. Part of these losses can be minimized with the help of different methodologies and tools used to prepare simulations, analyses, and data monitoring to predict such phenomena in time. The metropolitan area of Cluj-Napoca, Romania, is the study area of this paper and it is located in Floresti, the largest rural settlement in Romania. In this area, changes in urbanization, land use, and the expansion of urban areas in a chaotic mode represent a problem. This study focuses on an area prone to flooding due to its proximity to the Somes River. Previous events of this type have caused economic losses that must be considered. This approach combines photogrammetric methods for obtaining data from the field with topographical methods for establishing control points and GIS methods for data processing, modeling, and simulation to obtain the necessary data for flood prevention and intervention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In Romania all areas used for extracting salt were affected due to mining activity, operating methods used and also due to dissolution of the salt back flanks through contact with water. To prevent subsidence events in salt deposits, there must be imposed a series of measures and restrictions in these areas by topographic monitoring, hydrogeological monitoring, construction banning etc.

The experimental research has highlighted the variety of possibilities of combustion of animal fat from bovine and swine mixed with liquid hydrocarbons. Previous research has established that the upper limit for an efficient combustion was 30 %. For a perfect mixing, the lower temperature limit was set to 40 °C. In the fuel laboratory, at the department TMETF was determined the viscosity of the mixtures for different proportions. The values obtained for various concentrations and preheating temperatures were close to the values for liquid hydrocarbons. The experimental researches have studied the combustion of the mixture using a mechanically spraying burner with constant pressure between 14 and 18 bar. The aspiration of the mixture is done from a specially designed tank; this tank is equipped with an electric heater, in order to maintain the mixture at a constant temperature between 40 °C to 50 °C. After that, the burner heats again the mixture with an integrated heating device up to 75 °C. The burner is also equipped with an air blower, pump and a calibrated nozzle. The combustion resulted from the experimental boiler with a power rated to 55 kW were monitored with a thermal vision camera and an exhaust gas analyser. This research has demonstrated the viability of using this type of mixtures in energetic burning equipment designed for liquid hydrocarbons.

In Romania, the hydropower is the main form of renewable source with an important share in energy mix. Despite their valuable advantages on supplying energy and balancing the energy system, public acceptance, environmental, social and economic impact has become a common challenge in development of hydropower projects. Increasing of water consumption and raising awareness regarding available water resources leads to an integrated management approach of them. In this paper the water footprint is estimated for one of the largest Romanian hydropower project, namely Hydropower Plant Vidraru. The water footprint from hydroelectricity is evaluated considering electricity production of the hydropower plant, water footprint of dam construction and three different approaches to quantify water footprint of the reservoir: gross water consumption, net water consumption and water balance. Also, water footprint is assessed based on economic value of the reservoir using allocation coefficients for various purposes of the reservoir. It is estimated that economic benefit of the reservoir is 81.92·106 €/y, with hydroelectricity major contributor.

The evolution of relationship marketing has been one of the most talked about, partly because it not only proposed a radical change at the very beginning of the marketing action and philosophy, but also because of its complexity. Among many different issues regarding the relationship marketing, the one referring to the strategic planning process has been very little dealt with among the marketing specialists. The present article discusses this sensitive matter and represents a short insight into this complex dilemma: is planning possible or not when talking about commitment, trust, harmony, empathy with the consumer on a regular basis, during a lifetime relationship?

Apple scab caused by Venturia inaequalis, is an important disease, spread worldwide, having a major negative impact in apple production. In this study, there were analyzed four apple cultivars (Liberty, Florina, Starkrimson, Golden Spur), used as genitors in a diallel cross, and their seedlings. In the field, plants selection was done after presence or absence of the scab on leaves, and afterwards, phenotipically selection was completed by marker assisted selection. The molecular analysis conducted with the markers AL-07, AM-19 and U1400, detects the presence of the Vf gene, introgressed from Malus floribunda 821, which confers resistance to the pathogen, in the parental cultivars Liberty and Florina, and in all the F1 hybrids belonging these two genitors. Starkrimson and Golden Spur were susceptible scab parents with recessive homozygous genotype (vfvf), while Liberty and Florina were identified as heterozygous scab resistant parents with genotype (Vfvf). From the 60 apple seedlings analyzed, grouped in six combinations after their genitors (in each combinations were selected ten hybrids, among them five resistant and five susceptible to apple scab attack) 28 were resistant and heterozygous for Vf gene (Vfvf) and 32 were susceptible to scab with recessive homozygous genotypes (vfvf), being obtained almost Mendelian ratio for response to the pathogen, 50% resistant: 50% susceptible. Seedlings belonging to Starkrimson x Golden Spur were only recessive homozygous genotype (vfvf), and in combination resistant x resistant (Liberty x Florina) were identified susceptible and resistant offspring, but at last, only with heterozygous for Vf gene (Vfvf) and no one with dominant homozygous genotypes (VfVf).

The publication of a scientific paper stirs up both a lot of interest and rivalry. Should the topic be of a great concern, then the desire to purchase and study the paper appears. This is what the Societatea europeană a cunoaşterii volume undoubtedly brings up, after being published by the prestigious Romanian Academy Publishing House...

To sum up, Fizeș Plain is a territorial unit well highlighted in the Transylvanian Plain. This region is delimited from the other units which compound the Transylvanian Plain, especially through its physical and geographical features. For the purpose of this research, soil samples were taken for each main pedogenesis horizon. Also, physico-chemical analysis was performed according to the methodology that currently exists in romanian pedology and agrochemistry laboratories. Some of the analysis methods include Pipette method of interpreting the results after ICPA-Kacinski, Cylinder method (with known volume) and others, as seen in table 1. As a result, regarding the physical-geographical conditions, it has been established that this territory is located according to the soil studies in category III C of complexity. Furthermore, this sector can be considered a curved area of the structure in domes and brahianticlinales, where elevations exceed 400-550 m only on the interfluvial plateaus. Its relief is moderately fragmented, being defined by interfluves that are radially oriented towards South, South-West, as well as towards South-East, as given by the hydrographic network. In conclusion, the soil in the Fizeș Plain area is diversified both in space and tyopology due to the complex factors that have contributed to the solidification process.

To sum up, talking about ravines implies first of all a stop upon what water erosion means. That’s why it’s important to point out that water erosion is a comlex phenomena that affects the soil cover from the Transylvanian Plain and is triggered by a number of changes that act both in time and in space. Water erosion, as well as surface drain and water infiltration on the soil’s profile is mainly due to the intensity of the rain, the nature of soils and the vegetation coverage. This study’s aim is to assess the types of existing ravines in Northern and North-Western Transylvanian Plain, by taking into consideration the water erosion’s effects. For the purpose of this research the ravine’s morphology, the soil’s texture and structure, as well as the hydraulic permeability and conductivity were analyzed. In conclusion, the evaluation of the current status of ravines from Unguraș Hills and Fizeș Plain have provided a series of observations regarding the typology of the existent ravines in these two regions. Field results revealed a strong correlation of the ravines’ formation processes with their control factors, especially with the use of the land, the slopes’ inclination degree, climate conditions and geological structure.

In this paper, we propose an electrical design (implemented on a PCB board) and an accompanying software design for controlling the automatic gear change. The designs complement the mechanical solutions developed in Part 1. The paper also analyses the issues encountered during the intermediate steps of the development of the electronic module, which is expected to be small and adaptable enough to be installed on a motorcycle without changing its ergonomics. The control software runs on the Arduino Nano board and is built as a state machine with one idle state, five active states that cover different stages of the gear change and one error state for preventing malfunctions in case of an unexpected event. The sketch uses 5,760 bytes (or 18%) of program storage space and 706 bytes (or 34%) of the dynamic memory.

In the tulip breeding by crossing, to create a new cultivar normally takes around twenty years. In the process of hybridization, it is essential to chose as genitors the cultivars that possess good characteristics and are suitable to make a match. In order to identify potential genitors, at Botanical Garden from Cluj-Napoca, Romania, it has been studied two species of tulip (Tulipa praestans, T. tarda) and 13 cultivars (Aladdin, Annie Schilder, Artist, Ballerina, Don Quijote, Menton, Negritta, Oriental Beauty, Queen of Night, Spring Green, Texas Flame, White Parrot, Wirosa). The analyzed traits were steam higher, diameter of floral steam, number of branch/steam, leaves length, leaves width, number of leaves/steam, cup floral length, diameter of floral cup, number of tepals/flower, response to Tulipa virus 1 attack. The biggest diameter of floral cup (47.2 mm) and the higher number of petals (tepals) in flower (13.4) had Wirosa variety. T. tarda was registered with the lowest value of the floral cup diameter (18.9 mm). The highest variability (s%=14.4) presented the width of the leaves, and the lowest variability (3.1%) had the number of tepals/flower. Several traits were registered with high values of coefficient of heritability in broad sense (eg. steam diameter, floral steam higher, flower diameter, number of tepals/flower). Cultivars like Alladin, Annie Schilder, Ballerina, Menton, Texas Flame, White Parrot and Wirosa can be used as genitors for creating new genotypes with great ornamental value, including bigger floral cups.

Developing cities faces many problems in terms of infrastructure. Geographic Information System Technology (GIS) has a great applicability in the field of infrastructure, providing necessary data for design, construction, monitoring and maintenance of these objectives. The present study aims develop a study on how to acquire data, development and management of a database of urban road infrastructure elements using modern techniques and technologies, namely UAV technology and GIS technology. The study aims to update the topographic support of the area through the creation of orthophotoplan and detailed realization of the street database. The data contained in the database will be taken from the orthophotoplan which creates an added efficiency in making use of management time. Street management represents an inventory of all street elements, as well as their characteristics. The GIS offers the central system of this information stored in databases (graphic and textual) and highlighting them through thematic maps. The objective of the investigation is achieved by a case study carried out on a road section belonging to a main road arteries from the street network of Cluj-Napoca. In th order to achieve the objective will use modern techniques and technologies in the geodesy field, especially photogrammetric ones, this is a result of recent technical progress. The generated maps will be helpful for future planning of city development, and also for analysis of the services necessary for the maintenance of the road infrastructure. The study shows the advantages of GIS in infrastructure management and maintenance. On the basis on the analyzes and results obtained with reference point, the mode of retrieving and processing information from urban space can be managed and establish optimal solutions (strategies) for managing urban road infrastructure by the decision makers in whose administration it is located. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper presents an application of the methodology used in the paper "Synthetic analysis of geoinformatics technologies for cultural heritage conservation, methodological approach". The creation of the 3D model of the Rákóczi-Bánffy Castle in Urmeniș, Bistrița Năsăud County, was done by applying and integrating Terrestrial Laser Scanning (TLS) technologies and aerial photogrammetry performed with an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV). Agisoft Photoscan was used to compare the results and then they were compared with the images scanned using CloudCompare software. Thus, following the performance, with the help of the mentioned software, of a series of processing of the point cloud obtained, through the two imaging technologies, the error between the points belonging to the point cloud taken with UAV and the one taken with Laser Scanner was between 1 and 15 mm, the margin of error being acceptable for monuments without complex architectural details, so that the point cloud resulting from UAVs can be used successfully in this activity. The aim of the paper is to elaborate a geomatic methodology with an optimized cost-quality ratio, later replicable in the analysis of the current state of other constructions of the same type, knowing that over 600 castles in Transylvania alone are in a similar state, and such cases can be found in other Central European states as well. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Currently in Transylvania there are over 600 castles, considered monuments belonging to the world or national heritage. Some of them have disappeared, some are in an advanced degradation, the vast majority being in different stages of degradation, but recoverable, through very expensive investments. The first condition for them to start a program of recovery and put them again in the tourist and cultural circuit is to know exactly the state in which they are, to evaluate the costs. The development of geomatics technologies now allows for the high fidelity assessment of this aspect. These included Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) - Total Stations + Levels precision, terrestrial and aerial photogrammetry, laser scanners with fixed stations, for each presenting technical data and products analyzed sequentially and corroborated-complementary. The purpose of the entire action was to establish a Workflow as dedicated as possible to the requests of the specialists involved in such projects, architects, builders, restorers, historians, cultural people, etc. The paper can highlight a model of good practices in this field, the researches continuing, by consulting the beneficiaries of products from the range offered through these activities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

HUSKROUA cross-border projects fall into the category of European Cross-Border Cooperation projects, known as Interreg A. These projects support cooperation between NUTS III regions in at least two different Member States with or adjacent to common borders. Interreg A aims to address the common challenges identified in the border regions and to exploit the untapped growth potential of these areas, while strengthening the cooperation process for the overall harmonious development of the Union. Among the objectives of all calls organized within INTERREG A are those related to disaster management. The Technical University of Cluj-Napoca has a tradition of almost 10 years in projects of this kind, participating from the beginning in the calls for projects organized by the Joint Managing Authority of the Hungary-Slovakia-Romania-Ukraine ENPI CBC Program 2007-2013 (JMA). Both projects with which TUCN participated in the HUSKROUA calls, respectively SES (Space Emergency System), carried out in 2014-2015 and GeoSES (Extension of the operational "Space Emergency System"), in progress, are part of this theme. The paper presents an essence of how the project partners understood to respond to the challenges of the call in which they participated with the GeoSES Project, with particularization on the management of projectrelated activities carried out by Partner 2 within the TUCN project. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There is a great need for an efficient geographic information system (GIS) implementation in interdisciplinary domains for providing useful information for scientific and managerial processes of further improving land-use planning and decision making in horticulture. The main goal of this study was the creation of a digital map and GIS application for the Fruit Research Station in Cluj-Napoca, North-Western Romania. The benefit of this implementation is a fully integrated land information system, where information is accessed omnipresent for processing, value adding and further analysis. The created model is as a modern solution for obsolete analogue maps, sketches, inventory and land records that are usually unreliable and poorly represented in agricultural productive units. Using the created GIS database and spatial analysis there were obtained a very useful orchard mappings that incorporate management and economical attributes essential in land planning. Future focus and development will be mainly on system maintenance, including system enhancement and upgrading rather than to create a new systems. Under the constant pressures of urban sprawl and land degradation in this area, the paper conducts towards a guideline and model for an effective use of land resources to the best advantage and capacity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Development of an automated PCB inspection system as per the need of industry is a challenging task. In this paper a case study is presented, to exhibit, a proposed system for an immigration process of a manual PCB inspection system to an automated PCB inspection system, with a minimal intervention on the existing production flow, for a leading automotive manufacturing company. A detailed design of the system, based on computer vision followed by testing and analysis was proposed, in order to aid the manufacturer in the process of automation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of research in reverse engineering is to discover the practicality of fabricating damaged plastic parts using a simple low budget solution, composed by a 3D printer and a 3D scanner. More specifically, the study has been motivated by a car steering wheel component that was damaged and no longer serviceable. Using reverse engineering methods that include: 3D part scanning to an electronic model, computer aided design, and 3D printing using thermoplastics we have replicated the damaged part. Using these methods, the new, resulted, part was now optimized and it replaced the original steering component. This research creates opportunity for low cost solutions to building functional parts for many engineering issues. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fuel efficiency hybrid vehicles and full electric vehicles are using braking energy recuperation technology to increase the autonomy as much as possible. Efficiency of braking energy recuperation can be highly dependent on the driving stile, vehicle speed during braking manouvers or level deceleration requested by the driver. This paper propose an analysis to detect the optimum range for braking energy recuperation based on classification of the type of braking events, vehicle speed and deceleration. To reach this goal a long-term capture data collection from a fleet of vehicles driven in normal everyday use, is used as input for this study. The results of the statistical analysis performed, reveal important new data on braking events patterns which contributes to the development of hybrid braking systems by covering the lack of data available regarding braking maneuvers of real life vehicle exploitation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this research is to find all knowledge on the subject of collaborative engineering, both theories and implementation of models, which will represent the starting point of a future, more in depth analysis of the data collected, in order to find potential improvements or perhaps different perspectives on approaching the theory of collaborative engineering in practice. The article focuses on the theories, models and tools for collaboration, in order to establish a base for future reference, regardless of their association with engineering. The final part shows different types of platforms and their benefits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this paper is to identify the need for new tools and new methods of managing time. It is the preamble of a study meant to help organizations be more flexible and prepared in fast growing markets. Defining and analyzing time and chaos management, as well as presenting the problems addressed by these concepts, are essential to establishing the grounds for assessing the correct course of actions to improve the effectiveness and efficiency of people as individuals and as workers within an organization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the top challenges in manufacturing process is resource allocation and leveling which can be solved using heuristic methods. This aren't all the time offering the optimum solution, so using Genetic Algorithms technique can improve the resource allocation, because of the multiple searches for an optimum solution. This will also led to a better performance and lots of other benefits of whole system. On highly competitive business environment, managing all the costs will be a perfect task for good results. Reducing sharp variation in the resource demand histogram, maintaining also the duration of the project will guarantee minimization of project time and costs. Describing the appliance of genetic algorithms on purchasing program will re evaluate the basis of limited resource allocation. Using the Plant Simulation program with their Gas simulation will shorted the time of evaluating the best solution in real life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND Nutrition and health claims are permitted in foods marketed in the European Union under Regulation 1924/2006. Quality products such as traditional foods might benefit from this act, as it can highlight their nutritional richness. In this study the nutritional content of 33 traditional foods from the Black Sea Area Countries was evaluated against the thresholds of the Regulation for nutrition claims. RESULTS Most of the foods were eligible to bear several nutrition claims, mostly related to their fat, sugar, fiber and sodium content. The average number of claims per traditional food was two, with a range between zero and nine. Overall, about 72 nutrition claims were potentially relevant for the 33 traditional foods studied. Foods linked with the most claims were nuts and seeds. CONCLUSION The inclusion of traditional foods under this standardized European scheme could be an efficient way to highlight their possible beneficial nutritional properties. The production and marketing of traditional foods could be of benefit to both the health of consumers and the economic viability of producers, especially small- and medium-size enterprises. © 2013 Society of Chemical Industry [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]