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ObjectiveTo explore the risk of low-level blood group antibody-mediated hemolysis in ABO-incompatible newborns with negative three hemolysis tests, aiming to assist in the identification and management of neonatal jaundice.MethodsA retrospective case-control study was performed in 892 children with jaundice. The patients were divided into three groups: group I, ABO compatible, negative three hemolysis tests; group II, ABO incompatible, negative three hemolysis tests; and group III, ABO incompatible, positive three hemolysis tests. We analyzed the differences in clinical data, blood routine and biochemical laboratory results.Results(1) Patients in group II had higher levels of mean corpuscular volume (MCV), standard deviation of red blood cell volume distribution width (RDW-SD), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and bile acid (BA) than those in group I (P 0.05). (2) Mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) >359.5 g/L, cell volume distribution width (RDW-CV) >15.95%, and reticulocyte count (RET) >4.235% were identified as independent predictors of positive hemolysis test results (P

Objectives: We reanalyzed the data from proficiency testing (PT) to assess the effect of the geometric mean in the statistical analysis of immunohematologic data.Methods: Using the five most recent anti-blood group antibody titer participant summary results, the geometric mean (GM) ±2 × geometric standard deviation (GSD) was used as the comparative consensus criterion to mode ±2 titers.Results: Using the PT evaluation criterion of mode ±2 titers, the mean percentages of participants with acceptable results were 97.5% and 97.8% for anti-A and anti-D, respectively. When applying GM ±2 GSD, the mean percentages of acceptable results were 96.1% (anti-A) and 96.1% (anti-D). The percentages of responses included in each consensus criterion were lower using GM ±2 GSD, with a few exceptions.Conclusions: Geometric means are more robust and precise in visualizing the central tendency. This method can improve the statistical robustness of PT evaluations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a common cause of cancer-related deaths largely due to CRC liver metastasis (CRLM). Identification of targetable mechanisms continues and includes investigations into the role of inflammatory pathways. Of interest, MAPK is aberrantly expressed in CRC patients, yet the activation status is not defined. The present study assessed p38γ activation in CRC patients, cancer cells, and tissues of cotton top tamarin (CTT) and common marmoset (CM). The primate world is an overlooked resource as colitis-CRC-prone CTT are usually inure to liver metastasis while CM develop colitis but not CRC. The results demonstrate that p38γ protein and phosphorylation levels are significantly increased in CRC patients compared to normal subjects and CTT. Furthermore, p38γ phosphorylation is significantly elevated in human CRC cells and hepatoblastoma cells but not in CM colon. Additionally, carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and biliary glycoprotein (BGP) are induced in the CRC patients that showed p38γ phosphorylation. Inhibition of p38 MAPK in CRC cells showed a significant decline in cell growth with no effect on apoptosis or BGP level. Overall, p38γ is activated in CRC tumorigenesis and likely involves CEA antigens during CRLM in humans but not in the CTT or CM, that rarely develop CRLM.

Background and Objectives The aim of the study was to evaluate, in an international collaboration, three lyophilized intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) preparations for their suitability to standardize and control haemagglutination testing for anti-A and anti-B in IVIG products. Materials and Methods Twenty-three laboratories tested candidate IVIG reference reagents consisting of a Positive control (07/306), a Negative control (07/308), and a specifically formulated Limit preparation (07/310) to define the maximum (e.g. pharmacopoeial) limits of anti-A and anti-B in IVIG products, where limits are applicable. Laboratories performed direct haemagglutination using papain-treated erythrocytes and/or indirect antiglobulin tests. Results For both methods, there was up to 16-fold variation in anti-A and anti-B titres, although there was good agreement over a two-fold titre range for anti-A and anti-B between laboratories for both 07/306 and 07/310 using the direct method. Comparative titration data for 07/306 and 07/310 indicated that the use of a ‘Limit’ reference reagent would facilitate identification of higher titre batches when the direct haemagglutination method is used. Conclusions The establishment of preparations 07/306, 07/308 and 07/310 as reference reagents by the World Health Organization will facilitate global standardization of haemagglutination tests for anti-A and anti-B, ensure that such tests are sufficiently sensitive and specific, and facilitate identification of batches that exceed maximum recommended levels of anti-A and anti-B. The Commission of the European Pharmacopoeia and the United States Food and Drug Administration have adopted the same reference reagents including the maximal specifications defined by preparation 07/310. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Removal of blood group antibodies against the donor organ prior to ABO-incompatible transplantation can prevent episodes of hyperacute rejection. We are developing a specific antibody filter (SAF) device consisting of immobilized synthetic Atrisaccharide antigens conjugated to polyacrylamide (Atri-PAA) to selectively remove anti-A antibodies directly from whole blood. In this study, we evaluated eight anti-A IgM monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) using Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) to determine their specificity for binding to Atri-PAA. Five of the eight mAbs met our criteria for specificity by binding to Atri-PAA with at least five times greater affinity compared to the negative controls. These selected mAbs will be studied for their binding characteristics to Atri-PAA which will aid in the development of the SAF. The study of kinetics of antibody removal and quantification of antibody removal will be used in our mathematical model to maximize the antibody removal rate and binding capacity of the SAF. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary. The Ce antigen is expressed on red cells of individuals with Rh haplotypes, R1 or CDe and r′ or Cde. However, anti-Ce is rare, and only two cases of severe haemolytic disease of the newborn (HDN) caused by this antibody have been described (Malde et al ., 2000; Wagner et al ., 2000). We describe a woman who was found to have anti-Ce in her second pregnancy, resulting in a neonate with HDN that required exchange transfusion. She subsequently had a twin pregnancy, where both the twins were affected by severe haemolytic disease (HD) of the fetus because of anti-Ce and required repeated fetal transfusions, followed by exchange transfusions after birth. This is the first reported case of HD caused by anti-Ce requiring fetal transfusions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Most hospital blood transfusion services perform routine pretransfusion compatibility tests (ABO/D typings, antibody detection tests and crossmatches) using standard test tube methods. Recently, alternative technologies, including microtiter plate methods, solid phase red cell adherence (SPRCA) assays, gel tests, microbead columns and affinity column assays have become available. While the increased sensitivity of these new serological technologies is an important advantage, cost savings and automated testing are also important benefits. Our hospital's Transfusion Service converted from manual test tube methods for compatibility testing to manual microtiter plate and SPRCA methods and, subsequently, to automated microtiter plate and SPRCA methods. The conversion was facilitated by using commercially-marketed reagent kits and a fully-automated blood typing analyzer. The automated blood typing system was linked electronically to a hand-held combination bar code reader/portable data terminal that enabled positive identification of patients' bar code wrist bands, personal identification badges, and bar code labels on patients' blood samples and blood components. This bar code identification system has been implemented in the hospital's outpatient Infusion Service. Thus, the conversion to microtiter plate and SPRCA assays enhanced transfusion safety not only by increasing the sensitivity of serological testing, but also by standardizing compatibility testing, supporting electronic record keeping, and linking the laboratory analyzer to a bar code identification system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a common cause of cancer-related deaths largely due to CRC liver metastasis (CRLM). Identification of targetable mechanisms continues and includes investigations into the role of inflammatory pathways. Of interest, MAPK is aberrantly expressed in CRC patients, yet the activation status is not defined. The present study assessed p38γ activation in CRC patients, cancer cells, and tissues of cotton top tamarin (CTT) and common marmoset (CM). The primate world is an overlooked resource as colitis-CRC-prone CTT are usually inure to liver metastasis while CM develop colitis but not CRC. The results demonstrate that p38γ protein and phosphorylation levels are significantly increased in CRC patients compared to normal subjects and CTT. Furthermore, p38γ phosphorylation is significantly elevated in human CRC cells and hepatoblastoma cells but not in CM colon. Additionally, carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and biliary glycoprotein (BGP) are induced in the CRC patients that showed p38γ phosphorylation. Inhibition of p38 MAPK in CRC cells showed a significant decline in cell growth with no effect on apoptosis or BGP level. Overall, p38γ is activated in CRC tumorigenesis and likely involves CEA antigens during CRLM in humans but not in the CTT or CM, that rarely develop CRLM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]