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The area of Adrar is characterized by a traditional collecting system which one calls "Foggara it" which is considered the most effective alternative which the man found, in the desert, to solve the water shortage problem. This study aims to present principal geologic, hydrogeological, and hydrochemistry characteristics of the tablecloth of the Continental Guide in the area of Touat. This tablecloth is also called the tablecloth of the Gault. It is contained in the sandy-argillaceous formation of the Lower Cretaceous. From the chemical point of view, this water is very mineral-bearing and excessively hard, with strong contents of chlorides, sulfates, and sodium. The results showed that groundwater of the Adrar region is poor from the point of view of portability and they generally present risks on salinization for the soils. The Foggara is threatened of extinction (degradation, drying up, deterioration of water quality, etc.) because of problems local and regional related mainly on the exploitation and management of water, which requires a better vision for rational management of this resource to ensure sustainable development. For that, several recommendations are proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The probably designed heterojunction is promising issue for destruction of organic pollutants in wastewater under sunlight energy. Herein, a novel AgIO4/TiO2 heterojunctions containing (5 wt%, 10 wt%, 15 wt%, and 20 wt%) AgIO4 were emerged for exceptional photocatalytic degradation of rhodamine B dye in short contact time adopting direct Z-scheme mechanism. Titania single phase was synthesized by sol-gel using Triton X-100; however, novel AgIO4 nanoparticles were incorporated on titania surface through sonochemical route. The as-synthesized nanocomposites were systematically characterized by x-ray powder diffraction, N2 adsorption–desorption isotherm, x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, photoluminescence (PL), energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy, mapping, and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy. Mass ratio of AgIO4 plays a pivotal role in light-harvesting absorption and enhancing the photocatalytic efficiency. Surprisingly, remarkable shifts in AgIO4 diffraction peaks, distortion in the nanostructure, and reduction in PL intensity of titania reveal the successful construction of AgIO4/TiO2 heterojunctions. The as-achieved AgIO4/TiO2 nanoparticles exhibit an excellent photoreactivity and stability toward degradation of RhB with optimal concentration 10 wt% AgIO4 for removal 98% of RhB dye on 0.3 g/L photocatalyst compared with 62% removal on bare TiO2 under the same reaction conditions. The exceptional reactivity of the heterojunction was ascribed to extending the light-harvesting and novel direct Z-scheme mechanism which not only improves the quantum power of charge carrier separation, but also enhances the oxidative and reductive efficiency of the photogenerated holes and electrons. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The PV module temperature is a crucial parameter in the performance of a grid-tied PV station and it has an important effect on the PV system efficiency. In this work, we are interested in predicting the module temperature of a grid-tied photovoltaic system using tree-based ensemble methods, namely random forest and boosted decision tree. The linear least square method and the artificial neural network method were used as a frame of reference to evaluate the results of tree-based ensemble methods. The hyper-tuning of the tree ensemble method was done to optimize the model's parameters and to improve accuracy and prevent overfitting. All developed models have similar accuracy during the training and they are equally applicable for predicting PV module temperature. The results showed that during testing, the tree-based ensemble methods maintained their accuracy with R2 above 0.98. Meanwhile, the accuracy of other methods declined, which proves the utility of the tree-based ensemble over the classical method especially the ANN [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work aims to improve the existing monitoring systems MS for two grid-connected PV stations GCPVS of URERMS ADRAR, to eliminate its limitations. This improvement consists of developing an MS which is used for two PV stations with different configurations. This MS contains new LabVIEW-based monitoring software for visualizing real-time measured data and evaluating GCPVS performance. In addition, it illustrates the 2D and 3D real-time relationships of PV system parameters, which allow us to understand the dynamic behavior of PV system components. This developed monitoring software synchronizes also the various data acquisition units DAU of GCPVS, allowing simultaneous data access. To perform a reliable performance analysis and a comparative study of different GCPVS based on accurate measurements, the sensor's calibration is performed with its DAU. The MS autonomy is ensured by integrating developed PV-UPS. A graphical user interface is provided for the evaluation of PV-UPS performance. [Display omitted] • Improvement of the existing monitoring of GCPVS to resolve its limitations. • New LabVIEW-based software has been developed to monitor the PV station. • Real-time display of measured data and performance evaluation indices of GCPVS. • Real-time illustration of 2D and 3D relationships of PV system parameters. • Developed PV-UPS to ensure the autonomy of power supply for new monitoring system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]