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Our understanding of the effects of long-term denervation on skeletal muscle is heavily influenced by an extensive literature based on the rat. We have studied physiological and morphological changes in an alternative model, the rabbit. In adult rabbits, tibialis anterior muscles were denervated unilaterally by selective section of motor branches of the common peroneal nerve and examined after 10, 36, or 51 wk. Denervation reduced muscle mass and cross-sectional area by 50-60% and tetanic force by 75%, with no apparent reduction in specific force (force per cross-sectional area of muscle fibers). The loss of mass was associated with atrophy of fast fibers and an increase in fibrous and adipose connective tissue; the diameter of slow fibers was preserved. Within fibers, electron microscopy revealed signs of ultrastructural disorganization of sarcomeres and tubular systems. This, rather than the observed transformation of fiber type from IIx to IIa, was probably responsible for the slow contractile speed of the muscles. The muscle groups denervated for 10, 36, or 51 wk showed no significant differences. At no stage was there any evidence of necrosis or regeneration, and the total number of fibers remained constant. These changes are in marked contrast to the necrotic degeneration and progressive decline in mass and force that have previously been found in long-term denervated rat muscles. The rabbit may be a better choice for a model of the effects of denervation in humans, at least up to 1 yr after lesion. force; shortening velocity; electron microscopy; histochemistry

Zusammenfassung: Eine Patientin mit der Diagnose „Subakute Thyreoiditis de Quervain” wählte als Therapieoption die Akupunktur. In der Literatur gibt es kaum Hinweise auf diese Erkrankung. Das Expertenforum soll zeigen, welche Möglichkeiten die TCM für diese Patientin bieten könnte und dass in diesem Fall die Akupunktur zu einer raschen Heilung beitrug. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

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Copyright of Deutsche Zeitschrift für Akupunktur is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The causes of tinnitus may be manifold. Frequently, underlying factors defy treatment with conventional methods. Aside from rheological agents and cortisone, there is hardly a drug that lends itself to the treatment of tinnitus. In chronic cases, therapeutic interventions will frequently be the only remedy. Since the afflicted often sense an extreme degree of strain, complementary therapies like acupuncture or Chinese medication are looked for. Based on a case presentation and a review of the current state of evidence, the effectiveness of TCM will be presented. Zusammenfassung Ohrgeräuschen können viele verschiedene Ursachen zugrunde liegen. Oftmals lassen sich die verursachenden Faktoren mit konventionellen Methoden nicht ausreichend therapieren. Außer Rheologika und Kortison bieten sich kaum Medikamente zur Therapie des Tinnitus an. Beim chronischen Tinnitus helfen oft nur psychotherapeutische Maßnahmen. Da der Leidensdruck für die Betroffenen häufig extreme Ausmaße annimmt, wird nach ergänzenden Therapien wie Akupunktur oder chinesischer Arzneitherapie gesucht. Anhand einer Patientenvorstellung und einem Überblick über die Studienlage soll die Effektivität der TCM dargestellt werden. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Deutsche Zeitschrift für Akupunktur is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Deutsche Zeitschrift für Akupunktur is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Deutsche Zeitschrift für Akupunktur is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Deutsche Zeitschrift für Akupunktur is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Deutsche Zeitschrift für Akupunktur is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Deutsche Zeitschrift für Akupunktur is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Seven paraplegic Functional Electrical Stimulation (FES) experienced users volunteered to test a newly developed eight channel stimulation system. The goal was to discover the influence of various stimulation parameters on the gait quality. As additional task the usability should be improved and simplified as much as possible. Commercially available hydrogel electrodes were attached to quadriceps and gluteus muscles to achieve hip and knee extension, to peroneal nerve to elicit flexion reflex and later also to adductor muscles. All patients were positive about the handling of the stimulation system. Especially the wireless remote control was highly approved. First results demonstrate the importance of an amplitude ramp during stimulation onset (0.1-0.4 s) resulting in a smooth and more 'natural' movement. For an adequate step length and walking speed the timing of quadriceps and peroneal nerve stimulation at the end of the swing phase are crucial. Experienced patients with a higher walking speed require a short swing phase and an overlap of quadriceps decay and peronaeus onset (0-0.2 s). Activation of the adductor muscles reduces knee abduction and lead to a better knee trajectory during standing up and better leg movement during the swing phase. Patients can perform 15-25 steps per minute with a step length of 20-30 cm. The walking distance until exhaustion or muscle fatigue occurs is 4-60 m. The analysis of the used stimulation sequences brought up guidelines for a fast and effective parameter optimization procedure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Evidence suggests that metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluR) are involved in mediating seizures and epileptogenesis. In the present experiments, the selective, group II mGluR agonist (+)-2-aminobicyclo-[3.1.0]hexane-2,6-dicarboxylic acid (LY354740, 0.1–1.0 µM) inhibited spontaneous epileptiform discharges which developed in rat cortical slices in Mg2+- free medium. LY354740 (4–16 mg/kg) administered prior to an injection of pentylenetetrazol (80 mg/kg) or picrotoxin (3.2 mg/kg) produced a dose-dependent decrease in the number of mice exhibiting clonic convulsions, but had no effect on N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA, 150 mg/kg)-induced convulsions. LY354740 (4–16 mg/kg) did not affect lethality induced in mice by pentylenetetrazol, picrotoxin or NMDA. LY354740 potentiated the anticonvulsant activity of the conventional antiepileptic drug diazepam, significantly decreasing the ED50 for that drug's effect on pentylenetetrazol-induced convulsions by 30%, but had no influence on anticonvulsant activity of ethosuximide and valproic acid. A pharmacokinetic interaction between LY354740 and diazepam, leading to the lowering of the plasma level of free diazepam, was also demonstrated. Our data suggest that the group II mGluR agonist LY354740 possesses anti-seizure activity and may modify the effects of some conventional antiepileptic drugs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Zusammenfassung Ein zehnjähriger Knabe wird wegen Migräne und Allergie der Akupunktur zugewiesen. Zahlreiche Studien bestätigen mittlerweile die Wirkung der Akupunktur bei Spannungskopfschmerzen oder Migräne, auch die Allergie scheint auf Nadelung anzusprechen. Einzelne Studien weisen ebenfalls einen Effekt bei Kindern mit Kopfschmerzen nach. Ist die klassische Akupunktur geeignet, auch Kinder erfolgreich zu therapieren? Zwei Experten zeigen unterschiedliche Wege, wie schmerzfrei und trotzdem erfolgreich bei Schulkindern behandelt werden kann. A boy aged 10 is assigned on a diagnosis of migraine and allergy. While numerous studies have confirmed the effect of acupuncture in case of tension headache or migraine, allergy as well apparently responds to needling. In individual studies effectiveness in children with cephalea was proven, too. Is classical acupuncture suitable for successful treatment of children? Two experts present different approaches to painless and yet effective treatment of school children. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Zusammenfassung: Viele Studien zum Thema Kopfschmerz und Migräne belegen die Wirksamkeit der Akupunktur bei diesen Indikationen. Unberücksichtigt bleibt oft, wie lange ein Effekt zu erwarten ist. Dieses Expertenforum beschreibt eine Patientin, die schon seit 30 Jahren an Migräne leidet. Die Migräne zeigt eine hormonelle Abhängigkeit und trotz eines medikamentös ausgelösten Klimakteriums bessern sich die Beschwerden nicht. Akupunktur bringt eine Verbesserung für immerhin fünf Jahre. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Zusammenfassung: Das Expertenforum beschäftigt sich mit einem Patienten, der neben seiner beim Wintersport auftretenden Kniebeschwerden noch unter einer Achillodynie und einer chronischen Prostatitis leidet. Bei der Moxatherapie kam es zum Abbruch der Moxazigarre und einer Verbrennung ersten Grades am Bauch des Patienten. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Copyright of Deutsche Zeitschrift für Akupunktur is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Deutsche Zeitschrift für Akupunktur is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Deutsche Zeitschrift für Akupunktur is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Deutsche Zeitschrift für Akupunktur is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)