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We evaluate different frequencies of riverine nutrient concentration measurement to interpret diffuse pollution in agricultural catchments. We focus on three nutrient fractions, nitrate-nitrogen (NO3-N), total reactive phosphorus (TRP) and total phosphorus (TP) observed using conventional remote laboratorybased, low-frequency sampling and automated, in situ high-frequency monitoring. We demonstrate the value of low-frequency routine nutrient monitoring in providing long-term data on changes in surface water and groundwater nutrient concentrations. By contrast, automated high-frequency nutrient observations provide insight into the fine temporal structure of nutrient dynamics in response to a full spectrum of flow dynamics. We found good agreement between concurrent in situ and laboratorybased determinations for nitrate-nitrogen (Pearson's R = 0.93, p < 0.01). For phosphorus fractions: TP (R = 0.84, p < 0.01) and TRP (R = 0.79, p < 0.01) the relationships were poorer due to the underestimation of P fractions observed in situ and storage-related changes of grab samples. A detailed comparison between concurrent nutrient data obtained by the hourly in situ automated monitoring and weekly-tofortnightly grab sampling reveals a significant information loss at the extreme range of nutrient concentration for low-frequency sampling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents a study on the application of excitation emission matrix fluorescence spectroscopy (EEMs) to assess organic matter (OM) in drinking water treatment. The study involves the use of fluorescence data of raw and clarified water which were obtained from 16 drinking water treatment facilities. Furthermore, the result shows that the OM fractions and signs of their treatability in conventional water treatment were rapidly and accurately assessed through fluorescence spectroscopy.

In this article, the authors discuss the continued increases in nitrate concentrations at the River Thames in London, England for 140 years. It states that during World War II, the nitrate concentrations at the river rose and still continue to increase despite interventions. It says that land use change is believed to be the basin-wide driver that can boost the nitrate concentration changes. Meanwhile, metastability of the river's concentration record indicates the effects of land conversion.

The article discusses the significance of fluorescence spectroscopy to determine the effectiveness of water treatment to remove organic matter (OM) characterization. It analyzes the fluorescence data of purified and raw water that were gathered from 16 drinking water treatment processes. It reveals that the application was significantly related to OM removal and could produce accurate quantification of OM fractions.