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Abstract Protein aggregate myopathies can result from pathogenic variants in genes encoding protein chaperones. DNAJB4 is a cochaperone belonging to the heat shock protein-40 (HSP40) family and plays a vital role in cellular proteostasis. Recessive loss-of-function variants in DNAJB4 cause myopathy with early respiratory failure and spinal rigidity, presenting from infancy to adulthood. This study investigated the broader clinical and genetic spectrum of DNAJB4 myopathy. In this study, we performed whole-exome sequencing on seven patients with early respiratory failure of unknown genetic etiology. We identified five distinct pathogenic variants in DNAJB4 in five unrelated families of diverse ethnic backgrounds: three loss-of-function variants (c.547 C > T, p.R183*; c.775 C > T, p.R259*; an exon 2 deletion) and two missense variants (c.105G > C, p.K35N; c.181 A > G, p.R61G). All patients were homozygous. Most affected individuals exhibited early respiratory failure, and patients from three families had rigid spine syndrome with axial weakness in proportion to appendicular weakness. Additional symptoms included dysphagia, ankle contractures, scoliosis, neck stiffness, and cardiac dysfunction. Notably, J-domain missense variants were associated with a more severe phenotype, including an earlier age of onset and a higher mortality rate, suggesting a strong genotype‒phenotype correlation. Consistent with a loss of function, the nonsense variants presented decreased stability. In contrast, the missense variants exhibited normal or increased stability but behaved as loss-of-function variants in yeast complementation and TDP-43 disaggregation assays. Our findings suggest that DNAJB4 is an emerging cause of myopathy with rigid spine syndrome of variable age of onset and severity. This diagnosis should be considered in individuals presenting with suggestive symptoms, particularly if they exhibit neck stiffness during infancy or experience respiratory failure in adults without significant limb muscle weakness. Missense variants in the J domain may predict a more severe phenotype.

Abstract Cervical cancer screening in Brazil is opportunistic, based on cytology and offered for women aged 25–64 years, with low coverage (30%) and 70% of cancer diagnoses done in advanced stages, without impact on mortality. The current study reports 5-year first-round results of a population-based DNA-HPV testing screening program in a Brazilian city, which intended to be a model for transition to a more efficient program. Program flowchart is simple and current, indicating repetition of a negative test after five years. The first-round (October 2017-September 2022) screened 20,551 women by DNA-HPV testing with 58.7% coverage and 99.4% compliance with the program's targeted age range. Coverage increases to 77.8% when excluding the ‘pandemic period’. The DNA-HPV testing was 87.2% negative with 6.2% colposcopy referrals and 84.8% colposcopies performed. A total of 258 high-grade precursor lesions and 29 cervical cancers (mean age = 41.4 years, 83% Stage I) were detected. As a reference, 41,387 cytology tests from the previous program (2012–2016) detected 36 cervical cancers (mean age = 52.0 years, p = 0.0005), with 67% in advanced stages (p

Purpose: Research internships are integral components of undergraduate programs that nurture students' skill sets. However, the current trend of these internships adopting a direct apprenticeship model, often termed "cookbook" laboratory sessions, falls short of cultivating 21st-century skills. Therefore, this study proposes an innovative Outcomes-directed Research Internship Model (ODRIM) designed to enhance research competencies. Design/methodology/approach: This study introduces a pioneering research internship model by integrating the course-based undergraduate research experience (CURE) framework with principles rooted in outcomes-based education (OBE). To evaluate its effectiveness and compare it with traditional research internship models (TRIMs), a two-group pretest-posttest design was utilized. Statistical analysis was performed on data collected from 66 participants to assess their research competencies. Findings: The results revealed a significant positive difference in utilizing the tailored innovative ODRIM track (pre-mean = 17.525, post-mean = 19.875; p = 0.009) compared to the TRIM track (pre-mean = 19.769, post-mean = 19.615; p = 1.000) in enhancing overall student research competency. Specifically, this innovative internship model notably enhanced students' abilities in conducting research, showcasing technical skills, collaborating within teams, and disseminating research outcomes, encompassing the composition of research articles and reports. Originality/value This tailored approach to the "Research Internship" encourages a harmonious blend of hands-on, inquiry-based learning and clear, measurable learning goals. It not only cultivates an immersive and thorough research experience to improve students' research competencies, but also guarantees a concentrated alignment with predetermined research learning objectives.

Owing to the predominant role of Machine Learning(ML) across domains, it is being introduced at multiple levels of education, including K-12. Researchers have leveraged games, augmented reality and other ways to make learning ML concepts interesting. However, most of the existing games to teach ML concepts either focus on use-cases and applications of ML instead of core concepts or directly introduce ML terminologies, which might be overwhelming to school students. Hence, in this paper, we propose "ML-Quest," a game to incrementally present a conceptual overview of three ML concepts: "Supervised Learning," "Gradient Descent" and "K-Nearest Neighbor (KNN) Classification." The game has been evaluated through a controlled experiment, for its usefulness and player experience using the TAM model, with 41 higher-secondary school students. Results show that students in the experimental group perform better in the test than students in the control group, with 5% of students in the experimental group scoring full marks. However, none of the students in the control group could score full marks. The survey results indicate that around 77% of the participants who played the game either agree or strongly agree that ML-Quest has made their learning interactive and is helpful in introducing them to ML concepts.

Abstract Objectives The objective of this study is to understand the role of vitamin B12 supplementation in improving skeletal muscle function among the elderly. Methods A literature review in the Medline database was conducted to understand the association between vitamin B12 and muscle function in Section A. In Section B, 28 healthy elderly participants aged ≥60 years were recruited in a cross‐sectional design for estimation of plasma vitamin B12 status and assessment of upper limb muscle strength Maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) and muscle quality (expressed as MVC/total muscle mass). Participants were grouped based on vitamin B12 status into vitamin B12‐depleted (

Abstract Epileptic seizure (ES) detection is an active research area, that aims at patient-specific ES detection with high accuracy from electroencephalogram (EEG) signals. The early detection of seizure is crucial for timely medical intervention and prevention of further injuries of the patients. This work proposes a robust deep learning framework called HyEpiSeiD that extracts self-trained features from the pre-processed EEG signals using a hybrid combination of convolutional neural network followed by two gated recurrent unit layers and performs prediction based on those extracted features. The proposed HyEpiSeiD framework is evaluated on two public datasets, the UCI Epilepsy and Mendeley datasets. The proposed HyEpiSeiD model achieved 99.01% and 97.50% classification accuracy, respectively, outperforming most of the state-of-the-art methods in epilepsy detection domain.

Abstract Soybean is an essential crop to fight global food insecurity and is of great economic importance around the world. Along with genetic improvements aimed at boosting yield, soybean seed composition also changed. Since conditions during crop growth and development influences nutrient accumulation in soybean seeds, remote sensing offers a unique opportunity to estimate seed traits from the standing crops. Capturing phenological developments that influence seed composition requires frequent satellite observations at higher spatial and spectral resolutions. This study introduces a novel spectral fusion technique called multiheaded kernel-based spectral fusion (MKSF) that combines the higher spatial resolution of PlanetScope (PS) and spectral bands from Sentinel 2 (S2) satellites. The study also focuses on using the additional spectral bands and different statistical machine learning models to estimate seed traits, e.g., protein, oil, sucrose, starch, ash, fiber, and yield. The MKSF was trained using PS and S2 image pairs from different growth stages and predicted the potential VNIR1 (705 nm), VNIR2 (740 nm), VNIR3 (783 nm), SWIR1 (1610 nm), and SWIR2 (2190 nm) bands from the PS images. Our results indicate that VNIR3 prediction performance was the highest followed by VNIR2, VNIR1, SWIR1, and SWIR2. Among the seed traits, sucrose yielded the highest predictive performance with RFR model. Finally, the feature importance analysis revealed the importance of MKSF-generated vegetation indices from fused images.

In recent decades, informal project-based learning (PjBL) for science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) education has gained immense significance. Though some meta-analytical studies have reported the effectiveness of PjBL models, none of them has been explicit for informal PjBL models executed for school students in STEM education. Therefore, this meta-analytical study sought to investigate the effect of the informal PjBL model on students' learning gains when compared to the traditional classroom setting. The study also intends to explore the effect of potential moderator variables that might impact the effectiveness of the model. For this, a systematic review aligning to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) methodology has been employed, by incorporating 26 peer-reviewed empirical studies, encompassing data from 3202 students from eight countries. The meta-analytical results revealed overall moderate effectiveness (d = 0.248, p < 0.001), indicating that informal PjBL has moderately significant effects on students' gains when compared to the traditional classroom setting. Correspondingly the moderator analysis revealed that the overall effectiveness of informal PjBL was influenced by the teaching model, assessment method, students' group size, and course duration. However, the participants' educational level and study location (country) did not emerge as being significant. This study contributes to the bulk of literature that can help academicians to design, develop and implement effective STEM-based informal PjBL models, with special consideration for influential variables (teaching method, assessment method, grade, location, course duration, group size, and subject area).

Developing thermoelectric films without substrates—free-standing films—eliminates substrate-induced effects on performance and meets the flexibility requirements of emerging wearable thermoelectric applications. This study investigates Gallium-doped Zinc Oxide (GZO), composed of abundant and non-toxic elements, to fabricate a substrate-free GZO film via 3D printing and compares its structural, chemical, and thermoelectric properties with those of a substrate-constrained GZO film produced through chemical deposition. Both films exhibited uniform crystal structures and phase purity; however, the substrate-constrained film displayed additional diffraction peaks, suggesting potential substrate interactions. The 3D-printed free-standing film effectively eliminated the tensile stresses observed in the substrate-constrained film. FE-STEM analysis revealed nanostructures with homogeneous elemental distribution in both films, though the substrate-constrained film showed discontinuities, such as pores, likely caused by post-deposition annealing treatment. XPS analysis highlighted differences in chemical states and elemental compositions between the films, influenced by fabrication methods, substrate-induced stresses, and surface energy mismatches. The free-standing GZO film developed through 3D printing exhibited a more balanced incorporation of Zn and O, as it was not subject to substrate or post-deposition annealing constraints. Consequently, it demonstrated a 14 % increase in electrical conductivity and a 91 % improvement in the Seebeck coefficient compared to the substrate-constrained film, resulting in a higher room-temperature power factor of 261 nW/m·K2. These findings underscore the potential of 3D-printed free-standing GZO films to advance thermoelectric applications, offering a promising alternative to overcome the challenges of substrate-constrained films and further drive innovation in the field.

BACKGROUND: An individual experiencing tetraplegia faces functional limitations due to impaired hand function. The use of an affordable tenodesis wrist-hand orthosis (WHO) can enable finger flexion with active wrist extension, thereby enhancing the three-jaw chuck grasp and overall hand functionality. OBJECTIVES: To assess hand function and satisfaction in patients with tetraplegia using a modified tenodesis wrist-hand orthosis (WHO), utilizing the Duruöz Hand Index (DHI) and the Orthotics and Prosthetics User Survey (OPUS) satisfaction with device and services subscales. METHODOLOGY: The study was conducted at a tertiary care center in central India, enrolling patients with tetraplegia admitted to the Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation. A modified tenodesis wrist-hand orthosis (WHO) was designed using low-temperature thermoplastic components. Twenty-two individuals with a minimum wrist extensor power of grade 3/5 were included in the study. These patients were provided with the modified tenodesis WHO and underwent daily training sessions for a period of 2 weeks. Duruöz Hand Index (DHI) scores were assessed at baseline, 6 weeks, and 12 weeks post-enrolment. Patient satisfaction was evaluated using the Orthotics and Prosthetics User’s Survey (OPUS) satisfaction with device and services subscales. FINDINGS: The analysis of the DHI scores indicated a significant enhancement in functional abilities at both 6-week and 12-week follow-ups compared to the baseline assessment. Notably, the most substantial progress at 6 weeks follow-up was observed in tasks such as buttoning a shirt, while significant improvement at the 12-week mark was noted in activities like turning a key in a lock. The median OPUS device satisfaction score was 50, corresponding to a Rasch score of 68.8. Additionally, the median OPUS satisfaction score for services stood at 46, with a Rasch score of 72.7. Patients expressed the highest satisfaction levels with the courteous demeanor of the staff, prompt scheduling of appointments, and accurate fitting of the orthosis. CONCLUSION: The study findings indicate that the modified tenodesis WHO is an effective and satisfactory therapeutic device for improving hand function in patients with tetraplegia. The findings encourage further investigation and application of the modified tenodesis WHO in clinical practice. Layman's Abstract Individuals who are affected due to spinal cord injury (SCI) are often unable to perform the basic daily activities of life due to weakness. The hands are one of the most specialized parts of the human body and loss of its function can be incapacitating. Certain wrist hand orthoses (WHO) can aid such individuals by assisting the weak hand muscles. One such WHO is a tenodesis wrist hand orthosis. Modifications to the previously available tenodesis wrist hand orthosis were made to make it cheaper, lighter, and easier to manufacture. The effectiveness of this modified tenodesis WHO on improving hand activity and satisfaction in the individuals using it was assessed in this study which was conducted in a tertiary care center in central India. Twenty-two individuals with cervical SCI, who had some ability to extend their wrists against gravity, were admitted to the Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation department and enrolled in this study. Notable improvements were observed in functional tasks such as buttoning a shirt, opening a lock, eating with a fork, brushing teeth, and writing, with considerable satisfaction in those trained with the modified tenodesis WHO. Article PDF Link: https://jps.library.utoronto.ca/index.php/cpoj/article/view/42879/33253 How To Cite: Sonune S.P, Saha A, Joshi N.G, Pathak S, Bhadra P, Goel G. The effect of a modified tenodesis wrist-hand orthosis on hand function in patients with tetraplegia. Canadian Prosthetics & Orthotics Journal. 2024; Volume 7, Issue 1, No.8. https://doi.org/10.33137/cpoj.v7i1.42879 Corresponding Author: Dr. Anyesha Saha, Affiliation: Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Saket Nagar, Bhopal (M.P.), India. E-Mails: saha.anyesha@gmail.com; anyesha.sr2023@aiimsbhopal.edu.in ORCID ID: https://orcid.org/0009-0004-1574-0519

Stored grains are an integral part of human food. However, all such stored grains are affected by a variety of insects. Across several countries all over the world, insect pests cause significant harm to stockpiled grain crops, resulting in large post-harvest wastage, spoiling, and decreased market demands, resulting in a massive financial catastrophe. Food loss prevention during post-harvest stockpiling is of significant economic relevance. Although efficient and dependable, various disadvantages of synthetic chemicals, such as their negative impacts on both human beings and the environment, have prompted agriculturists to explore an alternative strategy that is potent, eco-friendly, and affordable. As a result, proper management of stored product infestations is required to protect stored grains from pest species. Insecticidal capabilities are reported to be present in a variety of bioactive phytochemical components. They might be used as an alternative to chemical pesticides. According to the current studies, bioactive phytochemical substances might be a potential source of novel insecticides. As a result, plant-derived insecticidal phytochemicals have significant potential. This study concentrates on the phytochemistry and mode of action of bioactive phytochemical constituents for stored grain insect pest management.

Abstract Thanks to superionic conductivity and compatibility with >4 V cathodes, halide solid electrolytes (SEs) have elicited tremendous interest for application in all‐solid‐state lithium batteries (ASSLBs). Many compositions based on groups 3, 13, and divalent metals, and substituted stoichiometries have been explored, some displaying requisite properties, but the Li+ conductivity still falls short of theoretical predictions and appealing sulfide‐type SEs. While controlling microstructural characteristics, namely grain boundary effects and microstrain, can boost ionic conductivity, they have rarely been considered. Moving away from the standard solid‐state route, here a scalable and facile wet chemical approach for obtaining highly conductive (>2 mS cm−1) Li3InCl6 is presented, and it is shown that aprotic solvents can reduce grain boundaries and microstrain, leading to very high ionic conductivity of over 4 mS cm−1 (at 22 °C). Minimized grain boundary area renders improved moisture stability and enhances solid–solid interfacial contact, leading to excellent LiNi0.6Mn0.2Co0.2O2‐based full‐cell performance, exemplified by stable room temperature (22 °C) cycling at a 0.2 C rate with 155 mAh g−1 capacity and 85% retention after 1000 cycles at 60 °C with a high 99.75% Coulombic efficiency. The findings showcase the viability of the aprotic solvent‐mediated route for producing high‐quality Li3InCl6 for all‐solid‐state batteries.

This systematic review seeks to improve the existing framework for developing students’ Computing Identity (CI) by integrating contemporary elements and identifying new dimensions. A meticulous selection of 31 articles followed the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) protocol, ensuring a comprehensive and systematic approach. The findings highlight factors that influence students’ CI and also the constructs defining the frameworks for developing students’ CI. The identified existing constructs are competence/performance, interest, sense of belonging, and recognition in computing, with competence/performance being the most explored and recognition the least. The review proposes a new framework for developing students’ CI that includes the “social context” as it interweaves with existing constructs to shape the multifaceted process of CI formation. The findings underscore a research gap concerning the inclusion of diverse perspectives, which is essential for a richer understanding of CI. Additionally, the study emphasizes the potential to incorporate new elements to enhance the existing frameworks for developing students’ CI, along with its validation in diverse contexts.

Introduction: Numerous plants in the Vernonia genus are used in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) to treat a wide range of illnesses, such as pityriasis rubra pilaris, infections, wounds, dermatitis, mastitis, diarrhoea, and colds. These genera also have antibacterial, antipyretic, and anti-inflammatory properties. The current work sought to investigate the bactericidal and phytochemical characteristics of Vernonia squarrosa leaf extract and comprehend antibacterial action using molecular docking. Methods: An in vitro study was carried out to investigate the antibacterial capabilities of V. squarrosa. HRLCMS analysis was conducted to determine the phytoconstituents of the chloroform extract (LC). For molecular docking validation, PyRx, an Open Babel integrated Auto Dock programme, was used. Results: Present investigation reveals strong antibacterial activity against two tested gram-positive and gram-negative bacterial strains compared to other solvent extracts, LC at a higher concentration demonstrated a better response. Against Bacillus subtilis (20.05±0.88 mm) and Escherichia coli (20 ± 0.00 mm), the active components of the extracts formed the largest inhibitory zone followed by Pseudomonas aeruginosa (19.50±0.50 mm) and Staphylococcus aureus (14.33 ± 0.33 mm). The LC extract had lower minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) and stronger bactericidal activity than the other extracts. Discussion: V. squarrosa's LC showed higher levels of antibacterial activity against the tested bacterial strains than other solvent extracts, most likely as a result of the presence of 31 chemical components, including flavonoids, glycosides, alkaloids, phenolics, and triterpenoids. Developing unique TCM formulations assume significance in global healthcare scenarios to combat bacterial infections and in this context, the current paper underlines the importance of the potent antimicrobial properties of chloroform extract of V. squarrosa. This study revealed that chloroform extract of V. squarrosa has a great deal of antibacterial activity. Conclusion: According to the study, V. squarrosa leaf chloroform extract possesses antibacterial properties because of its active phytocompounds. Its wide range of bioactive components makes it a prime choice for developing novel formulations to neutralize threats of newly emerging strains of harmful bacteria. The aforementioned discoveries may deepen our comprehension of phenomenal wisdom and deep science associated with the legendary TCM.

This paper documents the development of PixelSWAT, a Graphical User interface (GUI) python toolbox developed with the motive of creating gridded watershed and stream features to run the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) in a distributed discretization scheme thus allowing optimum utilization of gridded weather datasets. Additionally, the tool also aims to automate the preparation of SWAT weather input files from Network Common Data (NetCDF) files for any SWAT user along with the option to interpolate the weather files for each grid. A case study was conducted in the Mago basin of Tawang, Arunachal Pradesh, using gridded weather datasets for hydrological simulation. Three SWAT models were prepared – a conventional SWAT model; a 500 m and a 1000 m gridded watershed PixelSWAT models. Statistical indices Nash Sutcliffe (NSE), Coefficient of Determination (R2) and Percent Bias (PBIAS) showed that the PixelSWAT projects performed marginally better than the conventional model and also incorporated the weather data more meaningfully.