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This paper presents a number of lessons learned while designing a proposed sterilization system for Mars Sample Return. This sterilization system is needed to inactivate any potentially hazardous Mars material on the exterior surface of the vessel containing sealed sample tubes filled with Mars rock cores, regolith and atmosphere. These returned samples would provide information on the geologic history of Mars, the evolution of its climate and the potential for ancient life. Mars Sample Return is categorized at Planetary Protection Category V Restricted Earth Return, so it is required to protect the Earth–Moon system from the biological impact of returning samples from Mars to Earth. This article reviews lessons learned in the development of a particular engineering implementation to support the protection of the Earth–Moon biosphere: the use of in situ ultraviolet LED illumination. The details of the biological efficacy of this approach or the policy-related impacts are outside of the scope of this manuscript. The lessons learned presented here include establishing design requirements for the system, the selection of a light source, optical design options, contamination control and approaches to thermal and power management.

This paper presents a number of lessons learned while designing a proposed sterilization system for Mars Sample Return. This sterilization system is needed to inactivate any potentially hazardous Mars material on the exterior surface of the vessel containing sealed sample tubes filled with Mars rock cores, regolith and atmosphere. These returned samples would provide information on the geologic history of Mars, the evolution of its climate and the potential for ancient life. Mars Sample Return is categorized at Planetary Protection Category V Restricted Earth Return, so it is required to protect the Earth–Moon system from the biological impact of returning samples from Mars to Earth. This article reviews lessons learned in the development of a particular engineering implementation to support the protection of the Earth–Moon biosphere: the use of in situ ultraviolet LED illumination. The details of the biological efficacy of this approach or the policy-related impacts are outside of the scope of this manuscript. The lessons learned presented here include establishing design requirements for the system, the selection of a light source, optical design options, contamination control and approaches to thermal and power management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Supersonic civil aircraft present a unique noise certification challenge. High specific thrust required for supersonic cruise results in high engine exhaust velocity and high levels of jet noise during take-off. Aerodynamics of thin, low-aspect-ratio wings equipped with relatively simple flap systems deepen the challenge. Advanced noise reduction procedures have been proposed for supersonic aircraft. These procedures promise to reduce certification noise levels, but they may require departures from normal reference procedures defined in noise regulations. The subject of this article is a take-off performance and noise assessment of a notional supersonic business jet. Analytical models of an airframe and a supersonic engine derived from a contemporary subsonic turbofan core are developed. These models are used to predict take-off trajectories and certification noise levels. Results indicate advanced take-off procedures are helpful in reducing noise along lateral sidelines. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Over the last two decades, flow technologies have become increasingly popular in the field of organic chemistry, offering solutions for engineering and/or chemical problems. Flow reactors enhance the mass and heat transfer, resulting in rapid reaction mixing, and enable a precise control over the reaction parameters, increasing the overall process selectivity, efficiency and safety. These features allow chemists to tackle unexploited challenges in their work, with the ultimate objective making chemistry more accessible for laboratory and industrial applications, avoiding the need to store and handle toxic, reactive and explosive reagents. This review covers some of the latest and most relevant developments in the field of continuous flow chemistry with the focus on hazardous reactions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Latar belakang. Informasi keterlibatan ginjal pada penyandang talasemia-β mayor anak masih sedikit. Disfungsi ginjal dipengaruhi berbagai faktor seperti anemia kronis, hipoksia kronis, dan hemosiderosis. Neutrophil gelatinase associated lipocaline urin (NGALu) merupakan penanda biologis dini yang sensitif dan spesifik terhadap gangguan ginjal. Tujuan. Menilai disfungsi ginjal pada penyandang talasemia-β mayor anak menggunakan NGALu. Metode. Penelitian dengan rancang potong lintang dilaksanakan Oktober–November 2018. Subjek adalah penyandang talasemia β mayor anak di RS. Hasan Sadikin yang menggunakan kelasi besi deferiprondan dipilih secara consecutive sampling. Heteroanamnesis pada orang tua mengenai riwayat penyakit dan frekuensi transfusi. Terhadap subjek penelitian dilakukan pemeriksaan feritin serum, kreatinin serum, dan NGALu. Uji statistik menggunakan uji korelasi rank Spearman dengan nilai kemaknaan p

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The spectral and temperature characteristics of the magnetooptical Kerr effect and the optical properties of an La[SUP0.7]Ca[SUB0.25]Ba[SUB0.05]MnO[SUB3] single crystal are studied. The data obtained are used to calculate the components of the permittivity tensor, whose behavior is interpreted within the framework of the known models of the electronic structure of manganites. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]