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ABSTRACT Introduction The term “Mediterranean lifestyle” has gained increasing prominence in recent years, yet a specific definition remains elusive. In response, the Mediterranean Lifestyle Medicine Institute Board of Directors convened a multidisciplinary panel comprising international experts and leaders in lifestyle medicine. Their goal was to review existing literature and formulate a consensus definition of the “traditional Mediterranean lifestyle (tMedL),” referring to the historical way of living of the people in the Mediterranean region. This paper presents the agreed consensus statement and a comprehensive holistic definition of the term “traditional Mediterranean lifestyle.” Methods Major medical and social sciences electronic databases from inception to February 2023 were searched, employing keywords relevant to the Mediterranean lifestyle and its constituent elements (diet, physical activity, sleep, stress, socialization). Subsequently, definitions for each pillar were created and synthesized to derive a comprehensive definition of the “traditional Mediterranean lifestyle.” Results This proposed definition received ratification from the Mediterranean Lifestyle Medicine Institute's expert working group during the First International Mediterranean Lifestyle Medicine Conference held in June 2023 on the island of Leros, Greece. “The traditional Mediterranean lifestyle is characterized by its diverse and adaptable nature. Key facets encompass conviviality, lifelong social connectedness, purposeful living, strong community and familial bonds, harmony with nature and the environment, profound spirituality, adherence to religious practices, preservation of local customs, resilience cultivated through adversity, and a commitment to moderation across all spheres of life.” Conclusions This definition comprehensively outlines the primary lifestyle factors ingrained in Mediterranean inhabitants across generations. Its holistic nature furnishes a crucial conceptual framework for directing lifestyle medicine practitioners in assisting patients to mitigate diseases, promote overall well‐being, devise research initiatives to investigate the health ramifications of this lifestyle, and inform curriculum development.

Introduction: The term "Mediterranean lifestyle" has gained increasing prominence in recent years, yet a specific definition remains elusive. In response, the Mediterranean Lifestyle Medicine Institute Board of Directors convened a multidisciplinary panel comprising international experts and leaders in lifestyle medicine. Their goal was to review existing literature and formulate a consensus definition of the "traditional Mediterranean lifestyle (tMedL)," referring to the historical way of living of the people in the Mediterranean region. This paper presents the agreed consensus statement and a comprehensive holistic definition of the term "traditional Mediterranean lifestyle." Methods: Major medical and social sciences electronic databases from inception to February 2023 were searched, employing keywords relevant to the Mediterranean lifestyle and its constituent elements (diet, physical activity, sleep, stress, socialization). Subsequently, definitions for each pillar were created and synthesized to derive a comprehensive definition of the "traditional Mediterranean lifestyle." Results: This proposed definition received ratification from the Mediterranean Lifestyle Medicine Institute's expert working group during the First International Mediterranean Lifestyle Medicine Conference held in June 2023 on the island of Leros, Greece. "The traditional Mediterranean lifestyle is characterized by its diverse and adaptable nature. Key facets encompass conviviality, lifelong social connectedness, purposeful living, strong community and familial bonds, harmony with nature and the environment, profound spirituality, adherence to religious practices, preservation of local customs, resilience cultivated through adversity, and a commitment to moderation across all spheres of life." Conclusions: This definition comprehensively outlines the primary lifestyle factors ingrained in Mediterranean inhabitants across generations. Its holistic nature furnishes a crucial conceptual framework for directing lifestyle medicine practitioners in assisting patients to mitigate diseases, promote overall well‐being, devise research initiatives to investigate the health ramifications of this lifestyle, and inform curriculum development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years the number of people who exercise every day has increased dramatically. More precisely, due to COVID period many people have become recreational runners. Recreational running is a regular way to keep active and healthy at any age. Additionally, running is a popular physical exercise that offers numerous health advantages. However, recreational runners report a high incidence of musculoskeletal injuries due to running. The healthcare industry has been compelled to use information technology due to the quick rate of growth and developments in electronic systems, the internet, and telecommunications. Our proposed intelligent system uses data mining algorithms for the rehabilitation guidance of recreational runners with musculoskeletal discomfort. The system classifies recreational runners based on a questionnaire that has been built according to the severity, irritability, nature, stage, and stability model and advise them on the appropriate treatment plan/exercises to follow. Through rigorous testing across various case studies, our method has yielded highly promising results, underscoring its potential to significantly contribute to the well-being and rehabilitation of recreational runners facing musculoskeletal challenges.

The aim of the present study was to determine the time course changes in hand grip strength performance and hand position sense in novice climbers after one bout of two minutes continuing climbing on an artificial vertical wall. In addition, the rate of perceived fatigue of the participant felt right after the trial was recorded. Sixty five novice climbers aged 20 to 22 years (age 20.50± 0.65 years), were randomly assigned into two training groups with different tests protocols, the Grip strength test group (n=23), versus Joint position sense test group (n=14), and two control groups (n=14 each). The training protocol included one bout of two minutes continuing climbing on an artificial wall for both training groups whereas the control groups did not receive any kind of training during the study. Subjects were pre and post-tested for the selected variables. Statistical analysis showed that the grip strength was significantly decreased only for the training group F(6,216) = 30.460, p < .0005, partial η2 = .489. Similarly, the rate of perceived exertion changed significant F(2,563, 41,001) = 24.397, p < .0005, partial η2 = 0.604, with the training group to be more tired than the control after two minutes continuing climbing. Also, the wrist position sense of training group significantly deteriorated at post-test with F(3,78)=2,977, p

Mental imagery (MI) is a psychological technique traditionally applied outside exercise contexts. However, recent studies indicate its potential benefits during physical activity, particularly for enhancing positive emotions and self-regulation of exercise behavior. While existing questionnaires capture aspects of MI regarding the exercise, none are specifically designed to evaluate MI during training. Therefore, it is necessary to create a new questionnaire. Establishing its content validity (CV) is the initial step in this process. Despite its importance for subsequent validity assessments and the reliability of the measurement instrument, CV is often overlooked or superficially addressed, possibly owing to a lack of comprehensive guidelines. In response to these needs, the aim of this study was to develop the "Imagery during Exercise Questionnaire-Gym Version" (IdEQ-GV) to assess the functions of MI during exercise and to measure its CV. This study also provides a step-by-step presentation of the content validation process. The development of the IdEQ-GV involved instrument design and judgmental evidence from academic experts and lay experts (i.e., potential research subjects). The first version of the questionnaire, consisting of 34 items across 6 dimensions, was assessed by three content experts who evaluated its CV in terms of relevance, essentiality, clarity, and comprehensiveness and provided feedback. The second version, comprising 28 items across 5 dimensions, was re-evaluated by content experts and discussed in cognitive interviews with 13 gym members, who also provided feedback and scores regarding comprehensibility and comprehensiveness. After making the necessary modifications, the third version of the IdEQ-GV, containing 24 items, was evaluated by a new sample of 20 exercisers for comprehensibility. The methods used to quantify CV included the content validity index (CVI), the scale-level CVI (S-CVI), which comprises the average CVI (S-CVI/Ave) and universal agreement (UA) among experts (S-CVI/UA), and the content validity ratio (CVR). The IdEQ-GV was found to have an excellent CV regarding relevance, with an S-CVI/UA of 1.00. For clarity, the S-CVI/Ave was 0.95. For essentiality, the average CVR of the scale was 0.83. For comprehensiveness, according to the content experts' scores, the S-CVI/Ave was 0.93, while the first sample of exercisers gave it a perfect score. Regarding comprehensibility, the final sample of exercisers rated the SCVI/Ave at 0.93. Through this analytical process, it has been established that the IdEQ-GV has excellent content validity and is now ready for widespread distribution to establish additional psychometric properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years the number of people who exercise every day has increased dramatically. More precisely, due to COVID period many people have become recreational runners. Recreational running is a regular way to keep active and healthy at any age. Additionally, running is a popular physical exercise that offers numerous health advantages. However, recreational runners report a high incidence of musculoskeletal injuries due to running. The healthcare industry has been compelled to use information technology due to the quick rate of growth and developments in electronic systems, the internet, and telecommunications. Our proposed intelligent system uses data mining algorithms for the rehabilitation guidance of recreational runners with musculoskeletal discomfort. The system classifies recreational runners based on a questionnaire that has been built according to the severity, irritability, nature, stage, and stability model and advise them on the appropriate treatment plan/exercises to follow. Through rigorous testing across various case studies, our method has yielded highly promising results, underscoring its potential to significantly contribute to the well-being and rehabilitation of recreational runners facing musculoskeletal challenges. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To pilot a newborn screening program for sickle cell disease (SCD) in St. Vincent and the Grenadines using a novel partnership method to determine the feasibility of a universal newborn screening program in this country. Methods : A prospective study of mothers and their newborns was conducted between January 1, 2015, and November 1, 2015, at the country’s main hospital. Mothers of infants born at this hospital were offered screening for SCD for their infants. If accepted, the newborn’s heel-stick blood specimen was obtained and mailed to the South Carolina Department of Health and Environmental Control Newborn Screening Laboratory for testing. Samples were analyzed for variant hemoglobins using standard laboratory techniques and results were communicated to local physicians. Feasibility was determined by a benchmark of having >50% of SCD patients receive the diagnosis and initiate disease-specific care by 3 months of age. Descriptive statistics were completed using SAS 9.4. Results : There were 1147 newborn infants screened for SCD. Of these, 123 (10.7%) had results indicative of sickle trait and 3 patients (0.3%) were diagnosed with SCD: 1 with HbSS and 2 with HbSC. All 3 patients with SCD received treatment before 3 months of age. Conclusions : A newborn screening program is feasible in this population when partnered with an established newborn screening laboratory.

The purpose of the study was to compare 2 different balance training programs, based on distinct exercise frequencies, with the aim of improving proprioceptive ability. Thirty eight professional soccer players, were randomly assigned into 3 groups: the A group, exercised with a frequency of 6 times per week, for 3 weeks, the B group exercised with a frequency of 3 times per week, for 6 weeks and the C group (control) did not follow a highly specific balance training, but only a standard soccer training. All participants were evaluated with the use of an electronic stability system (indices-deviations) and of a wooden balance board (time on balance) before (pre test) and after the training period (post test). Analyses of variance (ANOVAs), with repeated measures on the last factor, were conducted to determine effect of training programs and measures (pre-test, post-test) on balance test indices (SI, API, and MLI) and time on balance board. The results showed that both training groups improved their balance ability similarly (p

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effects of a soccer training session on the balance ability of the young soccer players. Participants were twenty-six young soccer players. Standard testing balance boards and Biodex Stability System were used to assess balance ability before (pre-training) and immediately after (post-training) the completion of a soccer training session. Also, Isokinetic knee joint moment measurements (60°/sec and 180°/sec) were carried out pre- and post-soccer training. The results revealed that no differences (p>0.05) were found in balance ability and knee joint moment production between pre- and post-soccer training. Result is in contrast to the notion of a link between fatigue induced by a soccer training session or game and injury caused by impaired balance.

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The objectives of the present investigation were to study the inflammatory and performance responses after an acute bout of intense plyometric exercise during a prolonged recovery period. Participants were randomly assigned to either an experimental group (P, n = 12) that performed intense plyometric exercises or a control group (C, n = 12) that rested. The delayed onset of muscle soreness (DOMS), knee range of motion (KROM), creatine kinase (CK) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activities, white blood cell count, C reactive protein (CRP), uric acid (UA), cortisol, testosterone, IL-6, IL-1b strength (isometric and isokinetic), and countermovement (CMJ) and static (SJ) jumping performance were measured at rest, immediately postexercise and at 24, 48, 72, 96, and 120 hours of recovery. Lactate was measured at rest and postexercise. Strength remained unchanged throughout recovery, but CMJ and SJ declined (p < 0.05) by 8-20%. P induced a marked rise in DOMS, CK, and LDH (peaked 24-48 hours postexercise) and a KROM decline. An acute-phase inflammatory response consisting of leukocytosis (postexercise and at 24 hours), an IL-6, IL-1b, CRP, and cortisol elevation (during the first 24 hours of recovery) and a delayed increase of UA (peaked at 48 hours) and testosterone (peaked at 72 hours) was observed in P. The results of this investigation indicate that performing an acute bout of intense plyometric exercise may induce a short-term muscle damage and marked but transient inflammatory responses. Jumping performance seems to deteriorate for as long as 72 hours postexercise, whereas strength appears to remain unchanged. The acute-phase inflammatory response after a plyometric exercise protocol appears to follow the same pattern as in other exercise models. These results clearly indicate the need of sufficient recovery between successive plyometric exercise training sessions. Key Words plyometric exercise, muscle soreness, stress hormones, strength

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of a tennis training session on the balance performance of young tennis players. The study was conducted on 36 elite tennis players (age 14 [+ or -] 2 years; body mass 55 [+ or -] 6 kg; body height 165 [+ or -] 6 cm; mean [+ or -] SD) participating in the national young tennis championship. Balance performance was assessed before and immediately after a tennis training session (pre-training and post-training, respectively). The balance assessment was performed with 2 different balance boards and the Biodex Stability System. In addition, dynamometric measurements of peak isokinetic moment in the knee flexors and extensors were performed pre and post tennis training session, to quantify the degree of muscle fatigue induced by the tennis training session. One-way analysis of variance with repeated measures was used to test for differences in balance performance and in isokinetic performance between pre and post tennis training session. The data analysis revealed no significant differences (p > 0.05) in balance performance, whereas there were significant differences in knee joint moment production between pre and post tennis training measures. Although the tennis training session of the present study had no significant effect (p > 0.05) on any of the balance performance indicators examined, there was a decline in balance performance, which suggests that different level of fatigue for an extended period (games) will have greater effect on balance performance. It is suggested that a tennis-specific balance exercise program should be included in the tennis training session. KEY WORDS elite tennis players, coordination, training fatigue

The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of a muscular training program on soccer players' performance which initially appeared imbalanced or bilaterally asymmetrical. During the preparation period, 35 soccer players perforated an isokinetic measurement of knee flexors and extensors ([60[degrees].sup.-1] and 180[degrees] [sec.sup.-1]). 15 of these had muscular imbalances or deficits and followed a specific isokinetic training program for 2 mo., 3 times per week. After the completion of the isokinetic training program, the 35 players underwent the same isokinetic test. Significant differences were noted between the pre- and posttraining measures at botln angular velocities in peak torque values, in differences from one limb to the other, and in peak torque ratios for flexors and extensors. Consequently, the application of this specific isokinetic training program can restore imbalances in knee muscle strength efficiently.

The purpose of this study was to compare 2 different training modes in improving shoulder cuff muscular performance. Thirty-nine participants were randomly assigned into 3 groups: the isolated group exercised using 2-kg dumbbells; the complex group used a protocol with complex exercises; and the control group had no training. All participants trained for 6 weeks (3 times per week) and were evaluated isokinetically before (pretest) and after the training period (posttest). Results showed that the complex group significantly improved their muscular performance, but the isolated group did not, indicating that isolated exercises are only effective when the training goal is to strengthen the weaker muscle group, but they must be replaced by more complex and closed-kinetic exercises in order to obtain considerable improvement of the rotator cuff strength. The authors propose that a strengthening program should start with isolated movements for better stimulation of the weaker muscles and continue with complex exercise for more impressive strengthening. KEY WORDS. internal/external rotators, peak torque values isolated exercise

The objectives of this research were to evaluate two different functional training programmes with body weight, «Flowbility» (FB) which promote the fascial health and «Authentic Pilates» (AP), on physical abilities of muscles, in healthy adult students. Participants (n=58) were randomly divided into three groups, the «FB», that performed a prechoreographed programme, the «AP», that applied the authentic series of Pilates exercises on mat, and the «Control» group, that rested. The load was increased progressively. The intervention lasted 6 weeks, with frequency 3 sessions of 45 min. per week, for each group. Three measurements were carried out (initial, final and detraining one month after the intervention). Functional tests were used to measure: strength, flexibility-mobility and functionality-balance, as an ultrasound device to measure transverse abdominal and multifidus muscle thickness. Used ANOVA analysis of variance of repeated measurements, the degree of significance was set at p=0.05. The analysis of results showed that there is statistically significant difference in performance from initial to final and retention measurement. In conclusion, practicing with «Flowbility» and «Authentic Pilates» significantly improved the physical abilities of adults, at the same level and contributed to reduction of TrA thickness at the resting phase and increased its activation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The traditional approach of the use of mental imagery (MI) considers it to be held in other moments than physical practice, and the person only imaging the movement/situation without experiencing it physically. On the other hand, in the dance field, MI is often used during movement serving multiple functions. In the exercise field, the information regarding exercise imagery (EI) during movement derives mostly from researches and questionnaires that have mainly investigated its nature (types and functions) outside of practice, so the full potential of this psychological technique, when used during exercise, remains unknown. The aim of the present study was to construct a questionnaire in order to explore the nature of EI used by gym members during their workouts, to control it through a pilot research and to acquire a first piece of knowledge on the EI used by them, initiating the scientific dialogue about this underinvestigated subject. 15 gym members completed the questionnaire [named Exercise Imagery Pilot Questionnaire-Gym Version (EIPQ-GV)] and also provided feedback for its refinement. According to the results produced by EIPQ-GV, EI is used during exercise, it serves all known cognitive and motivational functions, it differs in some aspects from the use of EI outside of practice and its use makes exercise more pleasant and less monotonous, indicating that it is a promising technique that deserves further research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article offers tips on preparing and leading a safe, effective, and enjoyable livestreaming exercise program in one-sided free platforms.

BACKROUND: New training methods are constantly used to improve the ability of skeletal muscles to develop strength. OBJECTIVE: The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of half-squat training with free weights and flywheel device on isokinetic knee muscle strength for well-trained amateur soccer players. METHODS: Forty eight players were randomly divided into three groups (n = 16 each): Desmotech Training group (DT), Free Weight Training group (WT) and one Control Group (CON). DT and WT performed an eight-week half-squat training program, with two sessions per week. The DT group performed training with a flywheel device. Isokinetic concentric-eccentric strength assessments of the knee extensors-flexors muscle groups were performed at different angular velocities (60, 180 and 240 ∘ /s). RESULTS: The eight-week training program improved all the isokinetic joint moment indicators examined in the DT and WT groups (p < 0.01). The DT group achieved higher performances at all the isokinetic parameters examined, however, without statistically significant differences to the WT group. CONCLUSIONS: Flywheel-based exercise is an effective training method and is suggested to be used to strengthen the lower limbs of soccer players. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of the injury prevention program FIFA 11+ (level 2) application, on lower limb balance ability and strength, as an effective approach of reducing injury risk in male soccer players. Thirty-two players were randomly divided into two groups (N = 16 each), one control group (CON group), and one training group (INT group). The INT group followed the FIFA 11+ injury prevention program, 3 times per week for 8 weeks. The CON group continued the usual warm-up. Biodex Stability System was used to assess balance ability in both groups at baseline and after the completion of FIFA 11+ program. Additional isokinetic knee joint moment measurements (concentric flexors/extensors and eccentric flexors) performed at two different angular velocities, first at 60°/s and then at 180°/s. Statistical significant differences were found, after the completion of the FIFA 11+ training program, in stability index (total and anterior -- posterior) (p < .05), in concentric and eccentric flexors strength (p < .05) and conventional H/Q ratio (p < .05). Application of the FIFA 11+ injury prevention program for 8 weeks can improve lower limbs balance ability and hamstrings muscle strength, elements which are very important for prevention of hamstring muscle strains and lower limb ligament injuries in soccer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of the present study was to determine the time course changes in hand grip strength performance and hand position sense in novice climbers after one bout of two minutes continuing climbing on an artificial vertical wall. In addition, the rate of perceived fatigue of the participant felt right after the trial was recorded. Sixty five novice climbers aged 20 to 22 years (age 20.50± 0.65 years), were randomly assigned into two training groups with different tests protocols, the Grip strength test group (n=23), versus Joint position sense test group (n=14), and two control groups (n=14 each). The training protocol included one bout of two minutes continuing climbing on an artificial wall for both training groups whereas the control groups did not receive any kind of training during the study. Subjects were pre and post-tested for the selected variables. Statistical analysis showed that the grip strength was significantly decreased only for the training group F(6,216) = 30.460, p < .0005, partial η2 = .489. Similarly, the rate of perceived exertion changed significant F(2,563, 41,001) = 24.397, p < .0005, partial η2 = 0.604, with the training group to be more tired than the control after two minutes continuing climbing. Also, the wrist position sense of training group significantly deteriorated at post-test with F(3,78)=2,977, p<.05, partial η2 = .103. In conclusion, the performance of novice climbers is affected by hand grip strength performance and joint position sense of the hand. In addition it was required almost ten minutes of rest for partial recovery. These variables can be addressed through training design giving attention to those physical abilities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bio-psychosocial factors are associated with increased risk of disabling chronic neck pain. The aim of this study was the development of a valid tool, in the form of a questionnaire, for the identification of patient's biopsychosocial needs suffering from CNP. This study included a combination of a qualitative phenomenological approach with a quantitative pretest posttest-control group study design. The questionnaire contained 30 items thus comprising the Bio-psychosocial Neck Pain Questionnaire (BNPQ-30). The content validity of the questionnaire and the structural validity was calculated with the use of exploratory (n=150) and confirmatory (n=300) factor analysis. Results based on Batlett [χ²(435) = 5486,54, p < 0,001]. The values KMO = 0,77 were characterized as satisfactory. Internal consistency of the variables was assessed using Cronbach a. Values above 0.7 were considered satisfactory. Guttmann and Spearman-Brown values were > 0,7. S-Bχ² = 1275,50, df = 382, p < 0,001, RCFI = 0,91, TLI = 0,90, SRMR = 0,081, RMSEA = 0,088, RMSEA 90% CI = 0,083 - 0,094. Additionally, the value AVE> 0,50. The Bio-psychosocial Neck Pain Questionnaire (BNPQ-30) was developed to assist healthcare professionals dealing with patients with CNP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There is a variety of weight loss programs to reduce Body Fat. In Greece, there is reported a 38% prevalence of obesity among the women, mainly in urban areas. This is a survey to compare the effectiveness of 3 weight loss programs among Caucasian women, aged 25-50 from Thessaloniki. Sixty obese women with a floating Body Mass Index (BMI) =25 kg/m2 were recruited for this trial and were randomly divided into 4 groups (3 Experimental and 1 Control). Their daily intake of energy was at least 1.200 kcal. The three different protocols were: Massage, Treadmill and Treadmill with Vacuum. They were applied for 12 weeks. Using the triangulation method, the processing of the data, which were collected from quantitative and qualitative research tools, showed, that the women, who followed the Treadmill with Vacuum protocol, showed the largest reductions in body fat, which were significant overall weight loss difference determined between the four groups. The factors (personal behavior, psychological, socioeconomic), that may have had affected, are presented and discussed. Accounting for the economic strategy (time and money) in those protocols, Treadmill with Vacuum alone may present a reasonable and effective option in the treatment of overweight and obesity in adults. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose of the present study was to determine whether biopsychosocial therapy is more effective than reference treatments for chronic back and neck pain. Literature searches were conducted according to the research strategy recommended by the Editorial Board of the Cochrane Back review Group, using MEDLINE-Biomed, EMBASEElsevier. 7% of the 276 quality assessment were scored unclear. 21 studies (91%) had six or more positive scores which was the preset threshold for high quality. There is strong evidence that cognitive behavioral treatment of patients with CBNP has a positive effect on pain intensity, generic functional status and behavioral outcomes, when compared with booklets of healthy information, standardized exercise programs, active management, best practice advice and standardized active physical treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Firefighters participate in activities with intense physical and psychological stress. Aims: To examine the correlation between work-related injuries (WRIs), burnout and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms in firefighters. Methods: The method used for the recording of the elements was the collection of self-report anonymous questionnaires, the completion of which was optional. The questionnaires used were: (i) a WRIs questionnaire, (ii) the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) and (iii) the Impact of Event Scale-Revised-Greek version. Descriptive statistics along with univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were applied. Results: The study population consisted of 3289 firefighters. There was a significant association between WRIs, burnout syndrome, PTSD symptoms and age, work experience and physical condition. Relationships were found between PTSD symptoms, the MBI-emotional exhaustion dimension and WRIs and between MBI-depersonalization dimension and PTSD symptoms. The most traumatic event was the 'dealing with death or rescue of a child' and the top stress factor was 'depression about the responsibility for quality of victims' life'. Conclusions: The occupational obligations may be responsible for the psychological and musculoskeletal problems experienced by firefighters. Early recognition and response to psychosomatic issues in firefighters is of high importance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: In the general population 30-50% of adults will experience musculoskeletal neck pain in any given year. The traditional pathoanatomical (biomedical) approach to the diagnosis of neck pain disorders is widely acknowledged as inadequate. Psychosocial factors have been reported associated with increased risk for more disabling chronic neck pain. Objective: The objective of this article is to present the design of a qualitative study in combination with a quantitative pretest posttest-control group design study. The aim of the described research is the construction and performance of a new, valid tool in the form of questionnaire, in order health professionals to administrate emotional reactions of patients suffering from chronic neck pain, the effectiveness of which will be explored in conjunction with the implementation of a specific treatment program and simultaneously, conducting advisory support. Methods: A qualitative study using semi structured interviews will be conducted in 6 patients with CNP. The results of the interviews will arise a reservoir of questions available for the new questionnaire- tool for managing patients' emotional reactions. Validity and reliability of the questionnaire will be reassured checking conceptual validity, content validity and structural validity with the use of exploratory factor analyses and confirmatory factor analyses.Then, 30 participants will be separated in two groups: a) the control group where patients will follow the therapeutic exercise program without parallel counseling, b) the experimental group where participants will follow along therapeutic exercise program plus counseling. Outcome measurement: Inclusion and exclusion variables, demographic variables, duration of neck pain, specific complaint characteristics , smoking , the McGill Pain Questionnaire, the Neck Disability Index , the Fear Avoidance Belief Questionnaire, the SF-36 Health Survey, the new questionnaire of this study, neck goniometry measurements will be the standardized outcome measures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

OBJECTIVE To investigate the nature and causes of occupational injuries in firefighters. METHOD The study sample consisted of 3,289 full-time firefighters throughout Greece. Volunteer firefighters were not included in the survey. The age of the respondants ranged between 24 and 60 years, mean 36.4±6.19 years, and 3,167 (96.3%) were male and 122 (3.7%) were female firefighters. A self-administered work related injuries (WRIs) questionnaire was distributed to the firefighters by the researchers during work hours, the completion of which was optional. The questionnaire included information about the nature of the work and the employment history, personal characteristics, physical risk factors at work, the type of injury incurred, the injured body part and the cause-mechanism of the injuries. The validity and reliability of the questionnaire had been pre-tested among 80 firefighters. The responses were analyzed using frequencies, crosstabs and the the non-parametric test x2 with the statistical package Predictive Analytics Software (PASW Statistics), v. 18.0. RESULTS Of the respondents, 356 (10.8%) reported having been injured at work, which in 238 (7.2%) had necessitated an absence from work of more than two days. The most commonly injuries were "acute lumbago", strain and ankle injuries. The most commonly specified injury mechanisms were falls/slips/trips, high intensity activity, inadequate technique and fatigue. Significant correlations were demonstrated between injuries and age, work experience, physical condition, impaired vision, difficulty in breathing due to smoke and toxic gases, sudden weight lifting, inadequate technique and lack of personnel and equipment (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS It is apparent that the occupational obligations of firefighters put a stress on the musculoskeletal and the respiratory system. Psychological factors should also be explored as they possibly influence the occurrence of work related injuries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: There is limited information on injury patterns in Step Aerobic Instructors (SAI) who exclusively execute "step" aerobic classes.OBJECTIVE: To record the type and the anatomical position in relation to diagnosis of muscular skeletal injuries in step aerobic instructors. Also, to analyse the days of absence due to chronic injury in relation to weekly working hours, height of the step platform, working experience and working surface and footwear during the step class.METHODS: The Step Aerobic Instructors Injuries Questionnaire was developed, and then validity and reliability indices were calculated. 63 SAI completed the questionnaire. For the statistical analysis of the data, the method used was the analysis of frequencies, the non-parametric test χ^{2} (chi square distribution), correlation and linear and logistic regressions analysis from the SPSS statistical package. RESULTS: 63 SAI reported 115 injuries that required more than 2 days absence from step aerobic classes. The chronic lower extremity injuries were 73.5%, with the leg pain, the anterior knee pain, the plantar tendinopathy and the Achilles tendinopathy being most common overuse syndromes. The working hours, the platform height, the years of aerobic dance seem to affect the days of absence due to chronic lower limb injury occurrence in SAI. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article features an exercise protocol for office workers to decrease the incidence of chronic neck pain. It discusses the effects of the impartial immobilization, the importance of craniocervical musculature exercises, and precise movement relocation practice. It also looks into the advantages of the protocol such as the use of office clothes, the absence of special exercise equipment, and easy-to-learn exercises.

The aim of the present study was to evaluate balance deficits after an ankle sprain in collegiate students and to examine the effectiveness of 2 different balance rehabilitation programs on balance ability. Thirty collegiate students with functional ankle instability were randomly divided into 2 groups. Both groups followed an intervention balance program for 6 weeks, 3 times per week, 20 minutes per session, using balance boards. One of the 2 training groups performed the exercises on the ground—the “Land” group (n = 15), and the other in a swimming pool—the “Aquatic” group (n = 15). Balance ability was assessed before and after the 6-week intervention program. Balance assessments included static (stability indices: total, anterior–posterior, medial–lateral) and dynamic (dynamic moving the cursor) stability tests on the Biodex Stability System (Biodex, Inc, Shirley, NY). The results showed that in both training groups balance ability of the injured leg was significantly improved after the training period. In the final measurements, no statistically significant differences between the injured and healthy limb were found. The present study indicates that the performance of balance exercises in or out of water by collegiate students with functional ankle instability improves their balance ability.Level of Evidence: Therapeutic, Level 1 [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Aims: To examine the influence of motivational and instructional self-talk on balance test performance of knee injured active individuals with meniscectomy. Design: One between-groups factor with four levels (instructional, motivational, no self-talk, neutral self-talk) and one within-groups 'time' factor with two levels (pre-test, post-test). Method: 35 men and 25 women physically active and knee injured following meniscectomy 6 months ago participated. After 2 days of familiarization, they completed four dynamic balance stability trials, spaced 3 min apart. After the first two trials (best value as pre-test score), the participants were randomly assigned to four groups: the motivational self-talk group, instructional self-talk group and control groups (no instruction and neutral self-talk). They repeated the two trials (best value as post-test score) expressing aloud the phrases assigned. Results: Analysis of variance repeated-measures and Sidak multiple comparisons tests were performed on the time variable to detect differences in each group for each time point (pre- and post-test). Statistical analysis showed that balance board time score increased significantly only for experimental groups after the intervention period and not for control groups, F(3,56) = 9.93, p < 0.05, η2 = 0.861 for time of keeping stability on the board. Conclusions: The findings of the present study indicate that injured active individuals with meniscectomy may enhance their balance test performance via the use of instructional and motivational self-talk. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

OBJECTIVE To investigate the relationship between work-related physical risk factors and musculoskeletal disorders among ambulance crews. METHOD The study sample consisted of 253 permanent ambulance personnel aged between 23 and 60 years, mean 36.4±6.19 years, of which 186 (73.5%) were male and 67 (26.5%) female. The criterion for eligibility for the study was at least 12 months of work experience in the current position. The method used for recording the study data was the completion of anonymous questionnaires by the subjects. Questionnaire items included questions derived from the international questionnaire Cultural and Psychosocial Influences on Disability (CUPID), recording of daily occupational logs, information about previous employment and weekly working hours, and data on musculoskeletal disorders (low back pain, sciatica, neck pain). Statistical analysis using the statistical package Predictive Analytics Software (PASW Statistics), v. 18.0 included frequencies, crosstabs and the non-parametric test x2. RESULTS Of the respondents 37.2% (n=94) reported low back pain, 31.6% (n=80) sciatica and 19.1% (n=23) neck pain. A significant association was found between low back pain and (a) "hours per week" (x2 (9)=24.011, p<0.05) and (b) "weight lifting over 25 kg" (x2 (1)=6.556, p<0.05), age (x2 (8)=88.578, p<0.05) and body mass index (BMI) (x2 (3)=49.536, p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS From these results it is apparent that the occupational obligations of ambulance personnel put a strain on the musculoskeletal system and particularly the spine. Psychological factors should also be investigated, as they possibly influence musculoskeletal pain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To determine the time course of performance responses after an acute bout of plyometric exercise combined with high and low intensity weight training, a 3-group (including a control group), repeated-measures design was employed. Changes in performance were monitored through jumping ability by measuring countermovement and squat jumping, and strength performance assessment through isometric and isokinetic testing of knee extensors (at two different velocities). Participants in both experimental groups performed a plyometric protocol consisting of 50 jumps over 50 cm hurdles and 50 drop jumps from a 50 cm plyometric box. Additionally, each group performed two basic weight exercises consisting of leg presses and leg extensions at 90–95% of maximum muscle strength for the high intensity group and 60% of maximum muscle strength for the low intensity group. The results of the study suggest that an acute bout of intense plyometric exercise combined with weight exercise induces time-dependent changes in performance, which are also dependent on the nature of exercise protocol and testing procedures. In conclusion, acute plyometric exercise with weight exercise may induce a substantial decline in jumping performance for as long as 72 hours but not in other forms of muscle strength. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

The purpose of the study was to compare 2 different balance training programs, based on distinct exercise frequencies, with the aim of improving proprioceptive ability. Thirty eight professional soccer players, were randomly assigned into 3 groups: the A group, exercised with a frequency of 6 times per week, for 3 weeks, the B group exercised with a frequency of 3 times per week, for 6 weeks and the C group (control) did not follow a highly specific balance training, but only a standard soccer training. All participants were evaluated with the use of an electronic stability system (indices-deviations) and of a wooden balance board (time on balance) before (pre test) and after the training period (post test). Analyses of variance (ANOVAs), with repeated measures on the last factor, were conducted to determine effect of training programs and measures (pre-test, post-test) on balance test indices (SI, API, and MLI) and time on balance board. The results showed that both training groups improved their balance ability similarly (p<0.05) despite the different frequency of the balance training program. The authors proposed that balance training program can be applied in soccer players on a daily basis or at least 3 times per week, according to the demands of the training period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Gioftsidou A, Malliou P, Pafis G, Beneka A, Godolias G. Effects of a soccer training session fatigue on balance ability. J. Hum. Sport Exerc. Vol. 6, No. 3, pp. 521-527, 2011. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effects of a soccer training session on the balance ability of the young soccer players. Participants were twenty-six young soccer players. Standard testing balance boards and Biodex Stability System were used to assess balance ability before (pre-training) and immediately after (post-training) the completion of a soccer training session. Also, Isokinetic knee joint moment measurements (60°/sec and 180°/sec) were carried out pre- and post-soccer training. The results revealed that no differences (p>0.05) were found in balance ability and knee joint moment production between pre- and post-soccer training. Result is in contrast to the notion of a link between fatigue induced by a soccer training session or game and injury caused by impaired balance [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: This study aims at investigating which factors are related to the diabetic patients' compliance to their hygiene, dietary and pharmaceutical treatment, which are able to influence the disease' progress. Methodology: The sample consisted of 15 diabetic patients recruited at a private doctor's office in a suburb of Athens, Greece. Data collection was done using participant-completed diaries, in which they described their perceptions. Qualitative analysis was performed. A list of categories and subclasses was created which were grouped and became the essential categories included in the final list. Then the diaries were re-read, but this time alongside the final list. In this way the degree to which the categories covered the diaries' content was checked, and adjustments were made when necessary. Results: Passivity, un-readiness, weakness to accept the disease, ignorance about the illness and its complications, poor doctor-patient relations, insufficient family supporting environment, insufficient variety of tasty foods, chronic exhaustion, and complexity of illness are shown to be detrimental for the patients' progress. Health education can help diabetic patients address issues such as diet or exercise, and to recommend a healthy dietary programme which regulates glucose levels and avoids complications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]