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Yonas Angaw,1 Abera Kumie,2 Yifokire Tefera,2 Samson Wakuma,2 Ansha Nega,2 Hagos Degefa Hidru,1 Medhin Mehari,1 Embay Amare Alemseged,1 Abadi Hailay,1 Fre Gebremeskel,1 Haftom Mamo,3 Hailu Belay,3 Meresa Berwo Mengesha,4 Hirut Teame1 1College of Medicine and Health Science, Department of Public Health, Adigrat University, Adigrat, Ethiopia; 2College of Health Science, Department of Public Health, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; 3College of Medicine and Health Science, Department of Psychiatry, Adigrat University, Adigrat, Ethiopia; 4College of Medicine and Health Science, Department of Midwifery, Adigrat University, Adigrat, EthiopiaCorrespondence: Yonas Angaw Email yonasangaw27@gmail.comIntroduction: The development of modern automated machines in industries has considerably decreased the physical burden of workers in addition to increasing the productivity of the industries resulting in noise pollution. Noise exposure above the limit value of 90 dB (A) is known to cause temporary hearing loss among exposed workers.Materials and Methods: Institutional-based cross-sectional study design was employed for a total of 406 study participants using a simple random sampling technique from January 15 to April 30, 2019. The data collection methods were observational checklist and a self-administered questionnaire. The collected data were entered into EpiData software version 4.2 and exported to SPSS software version 21 for analysis. Bivariate and multivariable logistic analyses wwere used to identify the associated factors. Statistical significance was declared using a 95% confidence interval and a p-value of less than 0.05.Results: A total of 388 study participants were included in the study with a response rate of 95.6%, of which 254 (65.5%) were females. The overall temporary hearing loss among the textile factory workers was found to be 49% with COR=1.53; 95% CI (1.15– 2.03). The workers from the spinning department were 2.38 times more likely to develop temporary hearing loss after exiting from work than workers from the dyeing department (95% CI= (1.16– 4.90). Similarly, workers from the knitting department were 3.67 times more likely to develop temporary hearing loss after exiting from work than workers from the dyeing department (95% CI=1.42– 9.47).Conclusion: The present study demonstrated that the workforce in the spinning and knitting departments of the textile factory had a high prevalence of temporary hearing loss than the workers in dyeing and garment working sections. Therefore, the textile factory should provide hearing protection devices to the workers.Keywords: noise exposure, temporary hearing loss, Ayka Addis

Hadera Belay,1 Fessahaye Alemseged,2 Teklit Angesom,1 Solomon Hintsa,1 Mebrahtu Abay1 1Department of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Aksum University, Aksum, Ethiopia; 2Department of Epidemiology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia Background: The global incidence of HIV infection is not significantly decreasing, especially in sub-Saharan African countries, including Ethiopia. Though there is availability and accessibility of free HIV services, people are not being diagnosed early for HIV, and hence patients are still dying of HIV-related causes. This research is aimed at verifying the effect of late diagnosis of HIV on HIV-related mortality in Central Zone Tigray, Ethiopia. Methods: A retrospective cohort study among adult (≥15 years old) HIV patients in three general hospitals of Tigray was conducted. Record reviews were carried out retrospectively from 2010 to 2015. Sample size was determined using stpower Cox in Stata software. Data were entered into EpiData version 3.1 software and transferred to Stata version 12 for analysis. Both bivariable and multivariable analyses were performed using Cox regression model to compare the HIV-related mortality of exposed (cluster of differentiation 4 cells count

The main purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of teacher mediated discrete trial training in improving the communication skills of children with Autism. The research deployed an ABAB research design, ABAB was divided into 4 phases; A1, B1, A2, and B2. A1 was a baseline, B1 was treatment, A2 was the removal of the treatment, and B2 was the treatment resumed following the break, and at last, a follow-up was conducted. In the study, three children with ASD who fulfilled the inclusionary criteria received Discrete-Trial Training from their teachers. In the study, the instruments used for assessment were social communication questionnaire-Lifetime, Autism diagnostic interview-revised, and Vineland -3 Adaptive behavioral scale (communication domain). To examine the intervention effect on each participant, visual analysis, raw score, v-scale score, and standard score comparisons were used. The study result indicated that teachers successfully learned the procedures of DTT and significantly improved the communication skills of students with ASD. This research shows that when children with ASD require DTT intervention, their teachers receive intensive training to learn and deliver techniques with fidelity. This training also improves the skills of children with ASD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]