Search

Bank risk is a reflection of the probability that during the course of activities involving the credit institution would have adverse effects on its effects may take the form of diminishing profits, loss occurrence, failures in the banking or credit institution bankruptcy. In the paper the authors show how risk measurement in 12 banks in Romania using a system linked to financial ratios.

Performance generally in the banking specifically highlight on the one hand the financial institution's ability to generate profit, and on the other hand shows the consequences of financial decisions taken by the bank's management. In our opinion bank decisions are based on the analysis of the effects of the bank's policy in the past period. Therefore the paper presents such an analysis that supports decision makers banking.

Banks in Romania offers its customers a wide range of products but which involves both risk taking. Therefore researchers seek to build rating models to help managers of banks to risk of non-recovery of loans and interest. In the following we highlight rating Raiffeisen Bank, BCR-ERSTE Bank and Transilvania Bank, based on the models CAAMPL and Stickney making a comparative analysis of the two rating models.

In this paper the authors analyze the financial structure on two levels, namely time for charging and funding sources. For each tier financial structure is analyzed with a correlated indicators including overall indebtedness and financial autonomy.

The COVID-19 pandemic profoundly affected global patterns, and the period of the declared virus pandemic has had a negative influence on all aspects of life. This research focuses on categorizing and empirically investigating the role of digital platforms in learning and business processes during the COVID-19 pandemic outbreak. The main purpose of this paper is to investigate to what extent the use of electronic learning (EL) has been boosted by COVID-19's spread, and EL's effectiveness on the sustainable development of electronic commerce due to the demand for a variety of electronic devices. For this purpose, the information has been collected through an online questionnaire applied to 430 participants from the Kurdistan Region of Iraq (KRI). The results indicate that participant usage and skills with electronic devices and online software programs are increasing, as the ratio indicated a level of 68% for both genders. Thus, the significance of EL concerning electronic commercial enterprises has been openly acknowledged and influenced by numerous factors. In addition, several suggestions and steps to be undertaken by the government are highlighted. Finally, this research mentions the current limitations of EL and suggests future works to build sustainable online experiences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper the authors present methods of analysis of budgetary resources in territorial, the example of Salaj County. We analyzed this county revenues and expenditures during 2007-2010, using a system of indicators related

The paper presents the difference between the two concepts regionalism and regionalization. It also presents the three types of regionalism analysis depending on the dimension and the nature of the relations: regionalism at national level, transnational regionalism and international regionalism analysis.

Abstract.In the paper the authors present a model of rating for the banking system. Thus we took into account the records of 11 banks in Romania, based on annual financial reports. The model classified the banks in seven categories according with notes used by Standard Poor’s and Moody’s rating Agencies.

Abstract.In this paper the authors describe how the analysis of solvency to prevent bankruptcy of Romanian companies. In this respect safety intervals are identified by the authors after analyzing the financial condition of more than 900 Romanian companies.

In this paper, the authors make an analysis of the second wave of the actual World Financial Crisis. They present the consequences of the first wave of the World Financial Crisis, namely the Banking Crisis, on the EU countries public debts.

In the present paper the authors show the modality of analysing the IT entities using Du Pont method.

In the paper the authors presented the importance of financial reporting system used in financial analysis of IT firms. Thus were presented balance sheet, income statement and cash flows.

In this paper the authors show the possible causes of the world financial crisis. In this way is presented the start of the financial crisis, and the evolution of American economy, its huge defficit, the evolution of nemployment rate, the inflation rate,

The research study investigated the economic determinants of economic growth in 34 countries across Africa during a two-decade period (2001-2019). For this purpose, the sample included a wide range of economies, from low income to high income and from low human development to high human development, according to recent international rankings provided by theWorld Bank and the United Nations Development Programme. By means of a multimodal approach centered on panel data modelling, we showed that economic growth, proxied by the GDP growth rate, was substantially influenced by economic indicators such as imports, exports, gross capital formation, and gross domestic savings. We also showed that foreign direct investment inflows and outflows play an important role for capital and savings. Our empirical results offer insights on strategies that national authorities could implement to boost economic growth and development across the African continent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Global economic growth is based on increased consumption of electricity both from renewable resources, such as water and wind and non-renewable resources, such as coal (lignite), natural gas or petroleum. Coal continues to represent an important energy source in the European Union, particularly in Germany, France and Spain, where it accounts for 15% of the primary energy, out of which 80% is used in electricity supply. The coal (lignite) mines from the Oltenia region contribute significantly to generating power in Romania. The study aims to show that an increase in production within the coal (lignite) mining industry can be determined by increasing direct and indirect costs or by increasing variable costs and profit. We also examine the non-linear relation between variable costs and production on the one hand and between profit and production on the other hand. Our results show that there is a concave relationship between variable costs and production, and also a concave relationship between profit and production, which indicate that Romanian coal enterprises have an optimal production level that maximises both variable costs and their profitability. In addition, a robustness check of our results confirms that variable costs and profitability decrease as they move away from their optimal level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tax revenues are fundamental budgetary resources for the majority of governments around the world. Consequently, the goal of identifying efficient strategies that facilitate an increase in tax compliance should be on the agenda of all tax authorities. By surveying 358 Romanian taxpayers, our study analyzes how tax literacy influences tax compliance, thus contributing to the existing literature, which reports few results on this topic. Using moderation analysis, we find that tax literacy is one of the key elements shaping tax compliance. Respondents who reported more neutral social representations of taxation concepts turned out to be more tax literate and more willing to comply voluntarily. The level of tax literacy was estimated using a tax literacy index created for this purpose. Our study provides policy makers with a starting point for understanding how taxpayers comprehend taxation concepts and how they relate to the tax system. Equipped with such information, those charged with designing tax policy could help raise literacy among taxpayers, making the role of tax collection more salient and ultimately improving tax compliance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the present study, we analyzed the financial equilibrium factors that have a major impact on SME financial performance, as this performance is considered to have played a pivotal role in Romania's recovery from the economic crisis. Thus, we built econometric models based on return on assets and return on sales in five economic sectors, i.e., pharmaceuticals, furniture manufacturing, leather garment factories, software firms and textile factories. We show how the enterprises' performance was influenced by the independent variables of the equilibrium: fixed assets, current assets, inventory, receivables, equity and liabilities. The results indicate that return on assets is influenced by the current assets ratio and the inventory ratio in all models, as well as by the equity-to-total liabilities ratio in 80% of the models. We also notice that assets ratios have the highest influence on performance evaluation, namely inventory ratio in all models and current assets ratio in 87.5% of the models. In addition, liabilities ratios influence performance as follows: equity-to-total liabilities ratio in 80% of the models and total debt-to-assets ratio in 35% of the models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current financial crisis reveals new dimensions of the concept of systemic risk in banking. This crisis has shown how interconnected the financial world has become and showed how a shock coming from a region can propagate very quickly, with an impact on financial stability around the world. History has shown once again the fragility of the banking sector. Compared to other sectors banking financial contagion spreads faster and negative externalities have much stronger effects. This article provides a conceptual framework for examining systemic risk, the negative effects of this event but also models for assessing systemic risk and systemic banking crises. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study investigates the transition process and core principles of a green economy. At a global level, green growth represents the essence of a green economy. In this context, the process of restructuring the market economy and transitioning toward a green economy implies continuous efforts and interdependence since it cannot be achieved in isolation. The model of restructuring economic activities to the specificity of a green economy addresses the interdependent pillars of sustainable development: environmental concerns; renewable energy; low carbon levels. Nevertheless, the green economy model that is applied to advanced economies cannot be implemented to low-income economies because of development gaps. Moreover, emerging economies also have other goals and priorities that demand changes into the green economy model of advanced economies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Each country designs its own scheme to achieve green financing and, in general, credit is considered to be a fundamental source of greening financial systems. The novelty of this study resides in that we examined green financing initiatives in USA, Canada and Brazil by focusing on major components of the financial systems before, during and after the 2008 world financial crisis. By means of panel data analysis conducted on observations ranging across the period 1970–2018, we investigated variables such as domestic credit from banks, domestic credit from the financial sector, GDP, N2O emissions, CO2 emissions and the value added from agriculture, forest and fishing activities. According to our findings, domestic credit from banks was insufficient to achieve green financing. Namely, in order to increase economic growth while reducing global warming and climate change, the financial sector should assume a bigger role in funding green investments. Moreover, our results showed that domestic credit from the financial sector contributed to green financing, while CO2 emissions remained a challenge in capping global warming at the 1.5 °C level. Our empirical study supports the idea that economic growth together with policies targeting climate change and global warming can contribute to green financing. Over and above that, governments should strive to design sustainable fiscal and monetary policies that promote green financing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There are two types of processes involved while making a decision: a controlled process, which is rational, with introspective access and an automatic one, which is called experiential or decision by expertise. Both processes depend on the use of information and are influenced by social affective factors. The present study aims to identify the differences between decision behaviour adopted by managers in Brazil and Romania, when making decisions related to budget level estimation. The study is quantitative and the data were collected via a ten-point scale questionnaire on Brazilian and Romanian samples comprised of MBA students. The data were analysed using structural equation modelling estimated by means of the PLS methodology. Our results show that information search and social-affective factors influence both rational decision and decision by expertise in Brazil and Romania, however, in distinct degrees. Distinctions could arise based on cultural differences between Brazilian and Romanian decision-makers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]