Search

Nadia M Hamdy,1,* Georgette Eskander,2,* Emad B Basalious3,* 1Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, 11566, Egypt; 2Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Postgraduate Student, Cairo, Egypt; 3Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, 11562, Egypt*These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Emad B Basalious; Nadia M Hamdy, Email Emad.basalious@pharma.cu.edu.eg; nadia_hamdy@pharma.asu.edu.egAbstract: Anti-cancer conventional chemotherapeutic drugs novel formula progress, nowadays, uses nano technology for targeted drug delivery, specifically tailored to overcome therapeutic agents’ delivery challenges. Polymer drug delivery systems (DDS) play a crucial role in minimizing off-target side effects arising when using standard cytotoxic drugs. Using nano-formula for targeted localized action, permits using larger effective cytotoxic doses on a single special spot, that can seriously cause harm if it was administered systemically. Therefore, various nanoparticles (NPs) specifically have attached groups for targeting capabilities, not seen in bulk materials, which then need activation. In this review, we will present a simple innovative, illustrative, in a cartoon-way, enumeration of NP anti-cancer drug targeting delivery system activation-types. Area(s) covered in this review are the mechanisms of various NP activation techniques.Graphical Abstract: Keywords: intrinsic-activation, extrinsic-activation, NPs, nanoparticles, DDS, drug delivery systems, cancer biology, nano-bio-medicine

Amira Yousry Farrah,1 Abdulaziz M Al-mahallawi,2,3 Emad B Basalious,2 Demiana I Nesseem1 1Department of Pharmaceutics, National Organization for Drug Control and Research, Cairo, Egypt; 2Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt; 3Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, October University for Modern Sciences and Arts (MSA), Giza, EgyptCorrespondence: Emad B BasaliousDepartment of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo 11562, EgyptTel +2 01202000454Email emad.basalious@pharma.cu.edu.egPurpose: Drug delivery into the inner ear across the intact tympanic membrane (TM) has been a challenge in the treatment of inner ear disorders. In this study, nano-sized carriers were formulated for improving the non- invasive oto-topical delivery of caroverine for the treatment of tinnitus.Methods: Caroverine was loaded into two types of phospholipid-containing systems, namely, nano elastic vesicles (EVs) and phosphatidylcholine-based liquid crystalline nano-particles (PC-LCNPs). The prepared formulations were characterized for their drug loading, particle size, polydispersity index, zeta potential, morphological features by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and physicochemical stability. In addition, comparative ex vivo transport study was carried out using rabbits’ TM for both types of formulations.Results: The findings show a significant superiority of PC-LCNPs over the EVs formulations in the drug payload (1% and 0.25%, respectively), physical stability and the efficiency of permeation across rabbits’ TM. The results showed a more than twofold increase in the cumulative drug flux values of PC-LCNPs (699.58 ± 100 μg/cm2) compared to the EVs (250 ± 45 μg/cm2) across the TM.Conclusion: The current study revealed the smart physicochemical properties of PC-LCNPs demonstrating the potential of this carrier as a new attractive candidate for improving the non-invasive oto-topical delivery of caroverine.Keywords: caroverine, nanovesicles, liquid crystals, permeation, tympanic membrane