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Background: Preschool-age children with developmental disabilities (DD) have higher prevalence of obesity than children without DD. This study aimed to explore the relationship between parent perception of their children's anthropometric phenotype and child body mass index (BMI) z score change over one school year among preschoolers with DD. Methods: The analysis consisted of a subsample (N = 64) of children with DD from a larger randomized controlled trial to test an obesity prevention program in the childcare center setting. Parents ranks their child's anthropometric phenotype on a visual silhouette chart on a scale from 1 (underweight) to 7 (obese) and that rank score is compared to their BMI z score change over one school year. Results: The majority (75%) of parents with an obese child underestimated their child's anthropometric phenotype while 7% parents with a non-obese child overestimated. Parent overestimation of child anthropometric phenotype status is associated with increased BMI z score change over 1 school year among preschool-age children with disabilities. Conclusion: Parental overestimation of child anthropometric phenotype status was associated with weight gain in preschool children with DD after one school year. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: This literature review examines the current understanding of mindfulness-based interventions (MBIs) as treatment for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children residing in United States (U.S), with a particular focus on research available for Latinx children. Data Selection: A comprehensive literature search was conducted in February 2023 using four databases (PubMed, PsychINFO, OVID, and Scopus) to identify studies conducted in the U.S. that investigated the use of MBIs for the treatment of ADHD symptoms in school-aged children. The search was limited to studies conducted within the U.S., included participants aged 8 to 12, and specified ADHD as the primary diagnosis. The search terms used included mindfulness, meditation, MBSR, MBCT, children, school-aged, child, ADHD, and attention deficit disorder. The search yielded 155 studies, of which, five were included in the final review. Data Synthesis: The reviewed studies suggest that MBIs have the potential to improve attention span, reduce ADHD symptoms, and address associated problems such as reducing stress in children with ADHD. However, the number of studies conducted in the U.S. is limited, with none delivered in Spanish. Conclusions: MBIs show promise for managing ADHD symptoms in children. However, limited research on MBIs with Latinx populations in the US highlights a significant gap in the literature. There is a crucial need for more studies investigating the efficacy of MBIs with diverse populations, especially Spanish-speaking Latinx children who are underrepresented. Researchers must prioritize developing culturally-sensitive MBIs that can be adapted and delivered in Spanish to reduce disparities in access to evidence-based treatments for ADHD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: It is common practice for healthcare practitioners to swaddle infants in newborn nursery and neonatal intensive care unit settings. Despite the widespread use of this practice, the American Academy of Pediatrics neither bans nor recommends swaddling. To date, there has been no standard protocol developed for either healthcare professionals or parents to establish optimal swaddling techniques in terms of infant arm positioning, infant leg positioning, and tightness of wrap.Purpose: To evaluate the variability in swaddling techniques used for infants in the newborn nursery and neonatal intensive care unit.Methods: Across 2 pediatric hospitals, the swaddling positioning of each open-crib infant in the newborn nursery and neonatal intensive care unit was examined. For each infant, the following data were collected: gender, left and right arm position, left and right leg position, and tightness of wrap.Results: In total, 132 swaddle observations were recorded. There was significant variability in swaddling positioning of arms and legs. The most common combination of arm/leg positioning was "mixed arm positioning" and "both legs flexed" (25.0% of all observations). In 9.1% of cases, tightness of wrap around chest was "tight," and in 30.3% of cases, tightness of wrap around legs was "tight."Implications For Practice: There was a large variability in swaddling positioning of both arms and legs. For such a widespread practice, the lack of medical guidelines results in inconsistent, and potentially harmful, positioning. Parents and healthcare professionals would benefit from specific, research-driven guidelines regarding proper swaddling techniques.Implications For Research: Different variations on swaddling should be evaluated for consideration of best practice swaddling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]