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Gabapentin is a new gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA) analogue that has anticonvulsant activity. Preliminary results are promising with gabapentin for the treatment of refractory anxiety disorders. In a supplementary role in several behavioral disorders, especially in acute mania, it has produced significant beneficial results. In this study, the anxiolytic activity of gabapentin was examined in mice. There was a significant decrease in time spent in the central square, an increase in the crossings, and an increase in rearing in the open field with the low-dose gabapentin (10 and 30 mg/kg), implying anxiolysis. Furthermore, potentiation of diazepam with gabapentin was also reported. On screening the gabapentin for learning and memory with passive avoidance response, there was significant prolongation of step-down latency, decrease in step-down error, and decrease in the total time spent by the mice in the shock zone at 10 and 100 mg/kg of gabapentin. Gabapentin was not associated with any adverse effect on the memory of mice.The lack of effect of gabapentin on memory, exhibiting anxiolytic activity at a low dose, the lack of cognition deficits, lack of drug interaction, alleviating the requirement for plasma monitoring, and its freedom from dependence or abuse liability suggest the potential advantage of gabapentin over the exiting anxiolytics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]