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Hydroxyapatite (HAP) is a widely used biomaterial due to its excellent bioactivity, biocompatibility, and structural similarity to the mineral component of human bone and teeth. However, the synthesis of HAP typically relies on expensive and non-renewable precursors, which can limit its widespread applications. This study investigates the extraction and purification of HAP from cockle shells, which are a readily available and renewable source of calcium carbonate. The extraction and purification of hydroxyapatite (HAP) from cockle shells, which are rich in calcium carbonate, is a promising method for producing HAP for biomedical applications due to its bioactivity and biocompatibility. This study investigates the use of a calcination process and wet slurry precipitation technique to produce HAP from seashells, focusing on the effect of reaction time of phosphate source (KH2PO4) and calcium oxide (CaO) on HAP production. EDX reported Ca/P ratio of 1.61 for HAP synthesized by chemical precipitation for 2 hours of reaction. Meanwhile, the XRD results indicate that a 4-hour reaction time produces more crystalline HAP than shorter reaction times, highlighting the importance of reaction time in HAP synthesis. This research demonstrates the potential of utilizing seashell waste as a valuable natural resource for applications in healthcare and waste management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• A new aluminium alloy was cast from recycled beverage can (RBC) using stir casting method. • Precipitation hardening and artificial aging treatments were done at 475 °C and 145 °C respectively. • Postmortem of the nature of fracture and substrates was conducted. • Peak yield strength (σ y) of 117.200 MPa and least of 51.212 MPa were recorded with an average extension (e) of 0.197 mm. The aim of this letter was to conduct a postmortem on the nature of fracture, substrates and possible precipitates formed in a novel experimental 7xxx alloy cast from recycled beverage cans (RBCs) and link same to yield strength (σ y) following heat treatment (HT). Fractographic investigation revealed the formation of dendrites and hardening phases such as MgZn 2 and Al 2 Mg 3 Zn 3 among others, following HT. An alloy S10 recorded the peak σ y of 117.200 MPa while S3 was the least with 51.212 MPa and extension (e) of 0.197 mm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]